使用SpringBoot框架開發,讀取配置是少不了的,那麼你會讀取配置嗎?你會寫配置嗎?List?Map?java
本節咱們要解決以下幾個問題:git
Spring Boot默認的配置文件有兩種格式: application.properties
和 application.yml
。github
查找順序是首先從application.properties
查找,若是找不到,再查找 application.yml
。
spring
優先級: application.properties > application.yml
。數據庫
首先,添加依賴。json
Maven:api
<!-- spring boot config --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency>
Gradle:服務器
annotationProcessor 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-configuration-processor'
配置以下:數據結構
erwin.name=馮文議 erwin.age=20 erwin.sex=男 erwin.english-name=Erwin Feng erwin.birthday=1992/02/26 erwin.like=movie,game,music,tea,travel erwin.visitedCities=巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京 erwin.moreOther={myWeb:'https://fengwenyi.com',github:'https://github.com/fengwenyi'}
代碼以下:app
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config; import lombok.Data; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import java.util.*; /** * @author Erwin Feng * @since 2020/8/11 */ @Data @Configuration public class ReadConfigByValue { @Value("${erwin.name}") private String name; @Value("${erwin.age}") private Integer age; @Value("${erwin.sex}") private String sex; @Value("${erwin.english-name}") private String englishName; @Value("${erwin.birthday}") private Date birthday; @Value("${erwin.like}") private List<String> likes; @Value("#{'${erwin.visitedCities}'.split(',')}") private List<String> visitedCities; @Value("#{${erwin.moreOther}}") private Map<String, String> moreOther; }
配置以下(properties格式)
author.name=馮文議 author.age=20 author.sex=男 author.english-name=Erwin Feng author.birthday=1992/02/26 author.like[0]=movie author.like[1]=game author.like[2]=music author.like[3]=tea author.like[4]=travel author.visitedCities=巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京 author.moreOther.myWeb=https://fengwenyi.com author.moreOther.github=https://github.com/fengwenyi
配置以下(yaml格式)
author: name: 馮文議-yml age: 20 sex: 男 english-name: Erwin Feng birthday: 1992/02/26 like: - movie - game - music - tea - travel visitedCities: 巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京 moreOther: myWeb: https://fengwenyi.com github: https://github.com/fengwenyi
代碼以下:
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat; import lombok.Data; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * @author Erwin Feng * @since 2020/8/12 */ @Data @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "author") public class AuthorConfig implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 9032405467573421607L; private String name; private Integer age; private String sex; private String englishName; @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy/MM/dd") private Date birthday; private List<String> like; private List<String> visitedCities; private Map<String, String> moreOther; }
讀取出來的數據展現:
{ "name":"馮文議", "age":20, "englishName":"Erwin Feng", "birthday":"1992/02/26", "likes":[ "movie", "game", "music", "tea", "travel" ], "visitedCities":[ "巴中", "揭陽", "廣州", "從化", "成都", "三亞", "上海", "杭州", "北京" ], "moreOther":{ "myWeb":"https://fengwenyi.com", "github":"https://github.com/fengwenyi" } }
@Autowired private Environment environment;
格式:@Value("${name:defaultValue}")
當配置文件找不到這個配置時,就會返回默認值,若是沒有默認值,就會報錯。
如:@Value("${java.home}")
D:JavaJava8jdk1.8.0_251jre
// 單元測試-讀取配置文件的值 @Value("${erwin.like}") public void testReadLike(String like, @Value("${erwin.sex}") String sex) { System.out.println("1===>" + like); System.out.println("1===>" + sex); }
參數 like 會取 @Value("${erwin.like}") 的值
參數 sex 會取 @Value("${erwin.sex}") 的值
通過測試,多個方法,執行順序是隨機。
特別注意:這個只是在啓動的時候執行,可是實際調用的時候,仍是傳入的值。
方法一:
配置文件:
erwin.like=movie,game,music,tea,travel
Java代碼:
@Value("${erwin.like}")
private List<String> likes;
方法二:
erwin.visitedCities=巴中,揭陽,廣州,從化,成都,三亞,上海,杭州,北京
Java代碼:
@Value("#{'${erwin.visitedCities}'.split(',')}")
private List<String> visitedCities;
配置文件:
erwin.moreOther={myWeb:' https://fengwenyi.com',github:' https://github.com/fengwenyi'}
Java代碼:
@Value("#{${erwin.moreOther}}")
private Map<String, String> moreOther;
@Value("#{systemProperties}")
private Map<String, String> systemPropertiesMap;
@Component @PropertySource("classpath:values.properties") public class PriorityProvider { private String priority; @Autowired public PriorityProvider(@Value("${priority:normal}") String priority) { this.priority = priority; } // standard getter }
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config; import com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.support.YamlPropertySourceFactory; import lombok.Data; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import java.io.Serializable; /** * @author Erwin Feng * @since 2020/8/13 */ @Data @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db") //@PropertySource({"classpath:config/db.properties"}) @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:config/db.yml"}, factory = YamlPropertySourceFactory.class) public class DBConfig implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -6527591545525817929L; /** 服務器地址 */ private String host; /** 端口 */ private Integer port; /** 數據庫名 */ private String dbName; /** 用戶名 */ private String username; /** 密碼 */ private String password; }
配置文件:
db: host: localhost port: 3306 db-name: test username: root password: 123456
說明:
一、@Configuration 代表這是一個Spring配置,會注入到Spring容器中。
二、@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db") 表示這個類與配置文件關聯,其中prefix指明前綴。
三、@PropertySource 這個指明配置文件的位置,若是沒有這個配置,則會從默認的配置文件讀取。默認的配置文件:application.properties > application.yml。另外,這個默認只支持properties類型的文件,因此,須要配置factory。
四、@PropertySource也能夠與@Value結合使用。
YamlPropertySourceFactory
package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.support; import org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader; import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource; import org.springframework.core.io.support.EncodedResource; import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertySourceFactory; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author Erwin Feng * @since 2020/8/13 */ public class YamlPropertySourceFactory implements PropertySourceFactory { @Override public PropertySource<?> createPropertySource(String name, EncodedResource resource) throws IOException { // 返回 yaml 屬性資源 return new YamlPropertySourceLoader() .load(resource.getResource().getFilename(), resource.getResource()) .get(0); } }
我是馮文議(Erwin Feng),Java Developer,專一於程序設計與開發。開源項目:JavaLib、api-result。喜歡電影、遊戲、音樂、茶、旅行。
個人我的網站:https://fengwenyi.com
個人Github:https://github.com/fengwenyi