elasticsearch學習筆記（六）——快速入門案例實戰之電商網站商品管理：多種搜索方式

時間 2019-11-10

標籤 elasticsearch 學習筆記快速入門案例實戰網站商品管理多種搜索方式欄目日誌分析简体版

原文原文鏈接

簡單介紹一下ES的多種搜索方式json

一、query string search

格式：curl

GET /{index}/_search

GET /product/_search
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc" : "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price" : 25,
          "producer" : "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags" : [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc" : "caoben zhiwu",
          "price" : 40,
          "producer" : "zhonghua producer",
          "tags" : [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

簡單見一下查詢結果的各個值的含義：
took:耗費的時間單位是毫秒
timed_out:是否超時
_shards: total是指打到的primary shard(或者replica shard)的個數，successful是指查詢成功的分片數，skipped是指跳過的分片個數，failed是指查詢失敗的分片的個數
hits.total:value表明查詢匹配的總數，relation表明The count is accurate (e.g. "eq" means equals).
hits.max_score:是指匹配的文檔中相關度分數最高的
hits.hits:包含匹配搜索的document的詳細數據工具

爲何叫作query string search ,主要是由於search參數都是以http請求的query string來附帶的
例如搜索商品名稱中包含yagao的商品，並且按照售價降序排列：url

GET /product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc
{
  "took" : 36,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc" : "caoben zhiwu",
          "price" : 40,
          "producer" : "zhonghua producer",
          "tags" : [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        },
        "sort" : [
          40
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc" : "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price" : 25,
          "producer" : "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags" : [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "sort" : [
          25
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

query string search適用於臨時的在命令行使用的一些工具，好比curl,快速發出請求，來檢索想要的信息。可是若是查詢請求很複雜，就很難去構建搜索條件，在生產環境中不多使用。命令行

二、query DSL

什麼叫作DSL？
DSL：Domain Specified Language 特定領域語言
使用query DSL 查詢時查詢的參數採用的是請求體（http request body），能夠用json的格式來構建查詢語法，比較方便，能夠構建各類複雜的語法。比query string search 確定是強大多了
格式：code

GET /{index}/{type}/_search
{
    "json數據"
}

下面都是實際的一些例子：
查詢全部的商品:排序

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

查詢名稱中包含yagao的商品，同時按照價格降序排序：索引

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "yagao"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

分頁查詢商品，總共3個商品，假設每一頁就顯示1條商品，如今顯示第2頁，因此就查出來第2個商品ip

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1, 
  "size": 1
}

指定要查詢出來的商品只返回名稱和價格，也就是定製返回字段ci

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "_source": ["name", "price"]
}

query DSL 更加適合生產環境使用，能夠構建複雜的查詢

三、query filter

搜索商品名稱包含yagao，並且售價大於25元的商品

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "yagao"
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 25
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

四、full-text search

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "producer": "jiajieshi producer"
    }
  }
}
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.18232156,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.18232156,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc" : "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price" : 25,
          "producer" : "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags" : [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.18232156,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc" : "caoben zhiwu",
          "price" : 40,
          "producer" : "zhonghua producer",
          "tags" : [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

爲何連zhonghua producer這個文檔也被檢索出來了，緣由是producer這個字段一開始插入數據的時候，就會被拆解，創建倒排索引
jiajieshi 1
zhonghua 2
producer 1,2
搜索yagao producer的時候，會進行拆分變成yagao和producer

五、phrase search短語搜索

phrase search 跟全文檢索相反，全文檢索會將輸入的搜索串拆解開來，去倒排索引裏面一一去匹配，只要能匹配上任意一個拆解後的單詞，就能夠做爲結果返回。可是phrase search要求輸入的搜索串，必須在指定的字段文本中，徹底包含如出一轍的，才能夠算匹配上了，做爲結果返回。

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "producer": "jiajieshi producer"
    }
  }
}
{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.87546873,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.87546873,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc" : "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price" : 25,
          "producer" : "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags" : [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

六、highlight search高亮搜索

GET /product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "producer": "jiajieshi producer"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "producer":{}
    }
  }
}
{
  "took" : 23,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.87546873,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.87546873,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc" : "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price" : 25,
          "producer" : "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags" : [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "highlight" : {
          "producer" : [
            "<em>jiajieshi</em> <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}