category與associative做爲objective-c的擴展機制的兩個特性,category即類型,能夠經過它來擴展方法;associative,能夠經過它來擴展屬性;在iOS開發中,可能category比較常見,相對的associative,就用的比較少,要用它必須使用<objc/runtime.h>的頭文件,而後就能夠自由使用objc_getAssociatedObject以及objc_setAssociatedObject,咱們來看下這兩個方法: ios
OBJC_EXPORT
void objc_setAssociatedObject(
id
object,
const
void *key,
id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);
OBJC_EXPORT
id objc_getAssociatedObject(
id
object,
const
void *key)
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);
另外還有一個方法: objective-c
OBJC_EXPORT
void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(
id
object)
__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);
objc_getAssociatedObject、objc_setAssociatedObject、objc_removeAssociatedObjects都是Obj-c中的外聯方法,object 參數做爲待擴展的對象實例,key做爲該對象實例的屬性的鍵,而value就是對象實例的屬性的值,policy做爲關聯的策略,它的枚舉包括: app
enum {
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN =
0,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC =
1,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC =
3,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN =
01401,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY =
01403
};
具體我就多說了,能夠看得懂的。 ide
另外,objc_removeAssociatedObjects能夠刪除指定對象實例的全部擴展屬性。 函數
如今看一個簡單的例子:(引用網上的例子:http://code4app.com/ios/Block-UI/504fe65d6803faa33f000003 ) spa
這裏,定義了一個"alert view"的按鈕: .net
UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[viewController.view addSubview:button];
button.frame = CGRectMake(
50,
50,
100,
44);
[button setTitle:
@"
alert view
" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
如今對UIButton經過使用category對其進行方法擴展: code
@implementation UIControl (BUIControl)
…...
- (
void)handleControlEvent:(UIControlEvents)
event withBlock:(
void(^)(
id sender))block {
NSString *methodName = [UIControl eventName:
event];
NSMutableDictionary *opreations = (NSMutableDictionary*)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &OperationKey);
if(opreations == nil)
{
opreations = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &OperationKey, opreations, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN);
}
[opreations setObject:block forKey:methodName];
[self addTarget:self action:NSSelectorFromString(methodName) forControlEvents:
event];
}
objc_getAssociatedObject,objc_setAssociatedObject進行屬性擴展: orm
OperationKey是一個字符類型,這裏表示一個鍵,若是Opreations爲空,會setAssociatedObject一個新的opreations對象到對應鍵的值中間。 對象
addTarget:action:forControlEvents對於觸摸事件進行目標綁定。
NSSelectorFromString(methodName) 將觸發方法:
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchDown{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDown];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchDragInside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragInside];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchDragOutside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragOutside];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchDragEnter{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragEnter];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchDragExit{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchDragExit];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchUpInside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchUpOutside{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchUpOutside];}
-(
void)UIControlEventTouchCancel{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventTouchCancel];}
-(
void)UIControlEventValueChanged{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventValueChanged];}
-(
void)UIControlEventEditingDidBegin{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingDidBegin];}
-(
void)UIControlEventEditingChanged{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingChanged];}
-(
void)UIControlEventEditingDidEnd{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingDidEnd];}
-(
void)UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit];}
-(
void)UIControlEventAllTouchEvents{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventAllTouchEvents];}
-(
void)UIControlEventAllEditingEvents{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventAllEditingEvents];}
-(
void)UIControlEventApplicationReserved{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventApplicationReserved];}
-(
void)UIControlEventSystemReserved{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventSystemReserved];}
-(
void)UIControlEventAllEvents{[self callActionBlock:UIControlEventAllEvents];}
注意到這裏會去執行callActionBlock:方法:
- (
void)callActionBlock:(UIControlEvents)
event {
NSMutableDictionary *opreations = (NSMutableDictionary*)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &OperationKey);
if(opreations == nil)
return;
void(^block)(
id sender) = [opreations objectForKey:[UIControl eventName:
event]];
if (block) block(self);
}
最終會從擴展屬性中獲得^block,關於^block能夠參考:http://blog.csdn.net/pjk1129/article/details/6577097
最後調用:
[button handleControlEvent:UIControlEventTouchUpInside withBlock:^(
id sender) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:
@"
alert
"
message:nil
delegate:nil
cancelButtonTitle:
@"
ok
"
otherButtonTitles:
@"
other
",nil];
}];
點擊按鈕就會觸發一個block函數。
這樣就實現了objective-c的兩種擴展機制。
相關推薦:http://www.ycoder.com/2011/09/objective-c-associative-references%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8/
一個小demo:http://blog.csdn.net/lyhuzhu/article/details/8716209