定義:使用原型實例指定待建立對象的類型,而且經過複製這個原型來建立新的對象。簡單的來講就是克隆(Clone),經過已經存在的,將其複製而產生新的。原型模式屬於建立型模式,將一個原型對象傳給要發動建立的對象(客戶端對象),該對象經過請求原型對象複製本身來實現建立過程。網絡
既然是經過Clone建立的,那麼就會存該拷貝是淺拷貝仍是深拷貝的問題了。ide
淺拷貝(Shallow Clone):當原型對象被複制時,只複製它自己和其中包含的值類型的成員變量,而引用類型的成員變量並沒沒複製。如我想將A複製一份出來,命名爲爲B,那麼我在淺拷貝後,確實能夠獲得A和B。並且A和B的值也相等,可是,我將B的值稍做修改,A的值也會變更,這每每不是咱們想要的。由於咱們想拷貝一個副本出來,兩者也能獨立,這樣纔算拷貝。可是,淺拷貝後A和B倒是指向同一片地址空間,也就是兩者共用一個值,改一個,兩個都變。函數
深拷貝(Deep Clone):除了對象自己被複制外,對象所包含的全部成員變量也被複制,就是咱們想要的那種拷貝,即有一個副本,與原者老死不想往來,互不影響工具
原型模式的實現 :this
結構:spa
問題描述:爲某銷售管理系統設計並實現一個客戶類Customer,在客戶類中包含一個名爲客戶地址的成員變量,客戶地址的類型爲Address,用淺克隆和深克隆分別實現Customer對象的複製,並比較這兩種克隆方式的異同(異同前面簡單說了,就不重複了)prototype
結構 :設計
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; //序列化 6 using System.IO;//文件 7 using System.Runtime.Serialization;//序列化異常處理 8 9 namespace Customer 10 { 11 [Serializable]//將Customer類設置爲可序列化 12 public abstract class Customer : ICloneable 13 { 14 public abstract object Clone(); 15 } 16 17 [Serializable]//將Address類設置爲可序列化 18 public class Address//地址類 19 { 20 private string province; 21 private string city; 22 23 public string City 24 { 25 get { return city; } 26 set { city = value; } 27 } 28 29 public string Province 30 { 31 get { return province; } 32 set { province = value; } 33 } 34 35 public Address(string province,string city) 36 { 37 this.province = province; 38 this.city = city; 39 } 40 41 public override string ToString()//打印地區 42 { 43 return "地址爲:" + province + " 省," + city + " 市。"; 44 } 45 } 46 47 [Serializable]//將CustomerA設置爲可序列化 48 public class CustomerA : Customer//顧客A類 49 { 50 private string name; 51 private int age; 52 private string call; 53 private Address address; 54 55 public Address Address 56 { 57 get { return address; } 58 set { address = value; } 59 } 60 61 public string Name 62 { 63 get { return name; } 64 set { name = value; } 65 } 66 67 public int Age 68 { 69 get { return age; } 70 set { age = value; } 71 } 72 73 public string Call 74 { 75 get { return call; } 76 set { call = value; } 77 } 78 79 public CustomerA(string name, int age, string call,Address address) 80 { 81 this.name = name; 82 this.age = age; 83 this.call = call; 84 this.address = address; 85 } 86 87 public override string ToString() 88 { 89 return "客戶A--姓名:" + this.name + " 年齡:" + this.age + " 聯繫方式:" + this.call + " "+ this.address.ToString(); 90 } 91 92 #region 淺克隆+this.MemberwiseClone() 93 public object MemClone() 94 { 95 return this.MemberwiseClone(); 96 } 97 #endregion 98 99 #region 深克隆+object Clone() 100 public override object Clone() 101 { 102 Kits.FileSer(@"d:\1.txt", this);// 103 object obj = Kits.FileDSer(@"d:\1.txt"); 104 return obj; 105 } 106 #endregion 107 } 108 109 [Serializable]//將CustomerB設置爲可序列化 110 public class CustomerB : Customer//顧客B類 111 { 112 private string name; 113 private int age; 114 private string call; 115 private Address address; 116 117 public Address Address 118 { 119 get { return address; } 120 set { address = value; } 121 } 122 123 public string Name 124 { 125 get { return name; } 126 set { name = value; } 127 } 128 129 public int Age 130 { 131 get { return age; } 132 set { age = value; } 133 } 134 135 public string Call 136 { 137 get { return call; } 138 set { call = value; } 139 } 140 141 public CustomerB(string name, int age, string call, Address address) 142 { 143 this.name = name; 144 this.age = age; 145 this.call = call; 146 this.address = address; 147 } 148 149 public override string ToString() 150 { 151 return "客戶B--姓名:" + this.name + " 年齡:" + this.age + " 聯繫方式:" + this.call + " " + this.address.ToString(); 152 } 153 154 #region 淺克隆+this.MemberwiseClone() 155 public object MemClone() 156 { 157 return this.MemberwiseClone(); 158 } 159 #endregion 160 161 #region 深克隆+object Clone() 162 public override object Clone() 163 { 164 Kits.FileSer(@"d:\1.txt", this);//讀 165 object obj = Kits.FileDSer(@"d:\1.txt");//寫 166 return obj; 167 } 168 #endregion 169 } 170 171 public class Kits//工具類 172 { 173 public static void FileSer(string path,object obj)//讀出信息 174 { 175 FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);//通道 序列化 176 BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();//搬運工 177 try 178 { 179 bf.Serialize(fs, obj);//序列化 180 } 181 catch (SerializationException e) 182 { 183 Console.WriteLine("該文件進行序列化失敗。緣由 : " + e.Message); 184 throw; 185 186 } 187 finally { fs.Close(); } 188 } 189 190 public static object FileDSer(string path)//寫入 191 { 192 FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open);//通道、路徑,權限 193 BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();//搬運工 194 object obj = null; 195 try 196 { 197 obj=bf.Deserialize(fs);//反序列化 198 } 199 catch (SerializationException e) 200 { 201 Console.WriteLine("該文件進行反序列化失敗。緣由 : " + e.Message); 202 throw; 203 204 } 205 finally 206 { 207 fs.Close(); 208 } 209 return obj; 210 } 211 } 212 213 class Program 214 { 215 static void Main(string[] args) 216 { 217 Console.WriteLine("\n--------------------------------Customer-------------------------------------"); 218 Address addr1 = new Address("中國江蘇", "揚州"); 219 CustomerA c1 = new CustomerA("社會人c1", 20, "13288888888", addr1); 220 Console.WriteLine(c1.ToString());//c1的做爲原對象 221 222 Console.WriteLine("\n-----------------------------------Copy(c2 = c1)-------------------------------------"); 223 CustomerA c2 = c1; 224 Console.WriteLine("社會人c2,更新信息.直接複製對象\n"); 225 Console.WriteLine(); 226 Console.WriteLine(c2.ToString()); 227 228 Console.WriteLine("\n-----------------------------ShallowCopy-------------------------------------"); 229 Console.WriteLine(); 230 Console.WriteLine("社會人c3,更新信息\n"); 231 CustomerA c3 = (CustomerA)c1.MemClone();//淺克隆 232 Console.WriteLine(c3.ToString()); 233 234 Console.WriteLine("此時 c2:"); 235 Console.WriteLine(c2.ToString()); 236 237 Console.WriteLine("\n--------------------------------Customer-------------------------------------\n"); 238 Console.WriteLine(); 239 Address addr2 = new Address("中國廣東", "廣州"); 240 CustomerB c4 = new CustomerB("小豬佩琪", 24, "16612345678", addr2); 241 Console.WriteLine("c4 "+c4.ToString()); 242 Console.WriteLine("\n--------------------------------DeepCopy(update c5.Age = 26)--------------------------\n"); 243 244 CustomerB c5 = (CustomerB)c4.Clone(); 245 c5.Age = 26; 246 Console.WriteLine("一年後,搬家\n"); 247 c5.Address = new Address("中國天津", "河西區"); 248 Console.WriteLine(c5.ToString()); 249 250 Console.WriteLine("此時 c4:"); 251 Console.WriteLine(c4.ToString()); 252 ; 253 } 254 } 255 }
運行結果:code
上述FileStream類和BinaryFormatter類是實現對象序列化和反序列化的操做的,就是用序列化把當前對象寫入流中,流入文件,再用反序列化從文件中流出對象。文件至關於中介,固然,中介還能夠是內存、網絡。orm
簡單介紹:原型管理器(Prototype Manager)就是將多個原型對象存儲在一個集合中供客戶端使用,它是一個專門負責克隆對象的工廠,其中定義了一個集合用於存儲原型對象,若是須要某個原型對象的一個克隆,能夠經過複製集合中對應的原型對象得到。
1 using System.Collections; 2 class PrototypeManager 3 { 4 Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); //使用Hashtable存儲原型對象 5 public PrototypeManager() 6 { 7 ht.Add("A", new ConcretePrototypeA()); 8 ht.Add("B", new ConcretePrototypeB()); 9 } 10 public void Add(string key, Prototype prototype) 11 { 12 ht.Add(key,prototype); 13 } 14 public Prototype Get(string key) 15 { 16 Prototype clone = null; 17 clone = ((Prototype)ht[key]).Clone(); //經過克隆方法建立新對象 18 return clone; 19 } 20 }
原型模式的優缺點和適用環境