MySQL 安裝(二進制版)

MySQL 的安裝方式通常分爲三種，二進制版本、編譯版本、RPM 包。比較常見的是二進制版本安裝，方便簡單，相對於編譯安裝，若是不是追求極致性能，使用起來差異不大。本次教程以二進制版本爲例，系統爲 centos6.8，MySQL 版本爲5.7.20。

下載安裝包

先去官網下載二進制安裝包，進入官網下載頁面 mysql下載頁面，點擊下載 5.7.20 二進制 64 位版本

下載完成，把安裝包移到目標 Linux 下

環境準備

1 安裝依賴

yum install libaio numactl -y

2 建立用戶以及用戶組

groupadd mysql
useradd -m -r -g mysql mysql

3 配置 ulimit

咱們通常使用 mysql 用戶啓動數據庫，若是不設置文件打開數和進程數，後期會有問題

打開 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，在文件末尾寫上

mysql     soft    nproc    65536
mysql     hard    nproc    65536
mysql     soft    nofile   65536
mysql     hard    nofile   65536

打開 /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 把參數調整爲

*          soft    nproc     65536
root       soft    nproc     unlimited
*          soft    nofile    65536
root       soft    nofile    unlimited

4 在 hosts 文件加上本機解析

若是不設置 hosts 本機解析，偶然會出現一些詭異的問題，因此仍是加上比較好

host_ip=$(ifconfig | grep inet | grep cast | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $NF}' | head -1)
echo "$host_ip `hostname`" >> /etc/hosts

5 開啓時間同步

時間同步對於數據庫來講很是重要，請保證全部數據庫節點時間是一致的

yum install -y ntp
service ntpd start

6 關閉 iptable

數據庫通常不容許通外網，若是對防火牆不是很熟悉，能夠關掉; 若是網絡環境不夠安全，能夠開啓

service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

7 關閉 selinux

selinux 可能會形成沒法寫入數據，若是對它不熟悉，建議關掉

查看 selinux 狀態

getenforce

臨時關閉

setenforce 0

永久關閉

打開 /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=enforcing 改成 SELINUX=disabled

安裝

此次安裝數據目錄爲 /data/mysql_db/，日誌目錄爲 /data/mysql_log/，實例名爲 mysql_test，啓動用戶爲 mysql

1 解壓文件

把二進制文件解壓出來，放到 /user/local/ 目錄下

tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql57

若是想要全局訪問到 mysql 客戶端，能夠把 /usr/local/mysql57/bin 加入系統路徑，我這裏採起直接建立軟鏈接的方式

ln -s  /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
ln -s  /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog

2 建立數據和日誌目錄

mkdir -p /data/mysql_db/mysql_test
mkdir -p /data/mysql_log/mysql_test

3 初始化目錄

/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test --user=mysql
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test

正常輸出

[root@mysql-test ~]# /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test --user=mysql
2018-06-03T05:19:31.469841Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-06-03T05:19:32.525091Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-06-03T05:19:32.751099Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-06-03T05:19:32.861647Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b2d883be-66ed-11e8-bd72-90b11c1a653a.
2018-06-03T05:19:32.877177Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-06-03T05:19:32.877705Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
[root@mysql-test ~]# /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
............................................................................+++
....+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................+++
...........................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..............................................................................+++
..................................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----

4 生成配置文件

一臺機器上有可能會存在多個 MySQL 實例，咱們能夠把 my.cnf 文件放到對應實例的數據目錄下，因爲 MySQL 會受到默認配置文件的影響，因此咱們要把 /etc/my.cnf 移走, 而後建立新的 my.cnf 文件

rm -f /etc/my.cnf
vim /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/my.cnf

本次安裝參考配置，具體參數結合服務器狀況調整

# my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set =utf8
socket = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
datadir = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test
basedir = /usr/local/mysql57
tmpdir = /tmp
socket = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking = 1
skip-name-resolve = 1
port = 3306
server_id = 1

default-storage-engine = InnoDB
character-set-server = utf8
default_password_lifetime=0

#### log ####
binlog_cache_size = 16M
log_bin = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin
log_bin_index = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.index
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 15

relay_log_recovery=ON
relay_log=/data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index=/data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-relay-bin.index

log_error = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/nouseindex.log

slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-slow.log

#### innodb ####
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/
innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/
innodb_undo_logs = 128
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
innodb_log_file_size =  1G
innodb_file_per_table = on 

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

log_timestamps=system

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 64M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 16M
write_buffer = 16M

5 生成啓動文件

cp /usr/local/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld-test
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld-test

把

basedir=
datadir=
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &

改成, 手動指定配置文件和數據目錄

basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test
default_file=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test/my.cnf
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql-test"
$bindir/mysqld_safe  --defaults-file="$default_file" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &

把數據目錄的全部者改成 mysql

chown mysql.mysql /etc/init.d/mysqld-test 
chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql*

啓動實例

們以 mysql 用戶來啓動

su - mysql
[mysql@chengqm ~]$ /etc/init.d/mysqld-test start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

進入 mysql 客戶端

mysql -S /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock

到此，MySQL 已經成功安裝並啓動, 後續能夠修改密碼. 若是有報錯，查看錯誤日誌，根據具體報錯信息進行修改。若是報錯日誌裏面什麼也沒有，多是配置文件有問題，或者讀到了默認配置。