requests庫

時間  2019-11-13
標籤 requests 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

1、http協議原理html

http是無狀態的應用層協議python

 

2、urllib、urllib二、requestsgit

在python2中，有urllib和urlib2兩個包，python3全變成urllib了github

urllib和urllib2是相互獨立的模塊,好比，urllib不能僞造user agent，可是請求參數的構建，須要使用到urllib,全部常常是二者配合使用的;json

requests使用了urlib3(屢次請求重複使用一個socket)api

 

3、環境準備瀏覽器

http://httpbin.org/ 安全

若是將該站點搭建在本地，使用pip安裝就能夠了服務器

pip install gunicorn httpbincookie

 

啓動:

gunicorn httpbin:app --bind 0.0.0.0:8000

 

發送一個http的get請求，獲取本機的IP地址

import urllib2
import urllib

URL_IP='http://192.168.74.20:8000/ip'

def use_simple_urllib2():
    response=urllib2.urlopen(URL_IP)
    print ">>>>Response Headers:"
    print response.info()
    print ''.join([line for line in response.readlines()])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print ">>>Use Simple urllib2"
    use_simple_urllib2()

結果爲:
>>>Use Simple urllib2
>>>>Response Headers:
Server: gunicorn/19.7.1
Date: Sat, 08 Apr 2017 13:06:18 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Length: 31

{
  "origin": "192.168.74.1"
}

　　

 

使用urllib構建請求參數,使用urllib2發送請求

def use_params_urllib2():
    """
    構建請求參數
    :return:
    """
    params = urllib.urlencode({'param1':'hello','param2':'world'})
    print 'Request Params:'
    print params
    #發送請求
    response=urllib2.urlopen('?'.join([URL_GET,'%s'])%params)
    #處理響應
    print ">>>>Response Headers:"
    print response.info()
    print ">>>Status code"
    print response.getcode()
    print ''.join([line for line in response.readlines()])
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print ">>>Use Simple urllib2"
    use_simple_urllib2()
    print ">>>Use params urllib2"
    use_params_urllib2()

結果:
>>>Use params urllib2
Request Params:
param2=world&param1=hello
>>>>Response Headers:
Server: gunicorn/19.7.1
Date: Sat, 08 Apr 2017 13:22:05 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Length: 322

>>>Status code
200
{
  "args": {
    "param1": "hello", 
    "param2": "world"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept-Encoding": "identity", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "192.168.74.20:8000", 
    "User-Agent": "Python-urllib/2.7"
  }, 
  "origin": "192.168.74.1", 
  "url": "http://192.168.74.20:8000/get?param2=world&param1=hello"
}

　

使用requests模塊實現上述功能

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
__author__ = 'Charles Chang'

import requests
import urllib2
import urllib

URL_IP='http://192.168.74.20:8000/ip'
URL_GET='http://192.168.74.20:8000/get'

def use_simple_requests():
    response=requests.get(URL_IP)
    print ">>>>Response Headers:"
    print response.headers
    print '>>>>Response Body:'
    print response.text

def use_params_resuqets():
    """
    構建請求參數
    :return:
    """
    params = {'param1':'hello','param2':'world'}
    print 'Request Params:'
    print params
    #發送請求
    response=requests.get(URL_IP,params=params)
    #處理響應
    print ">>>>Response Headers:"
    print response.headers
    print ">>>Status code"
    print response.status_code
    print response.reason
    print ">>>>Response Body:"
    print response.json()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print ">>>Use Simple urllib2"
    use_simple_requests()
    print
    print ">>>Use params requests"
    use_params_resuqets()

結果：
>>>Use Simple urllib2
>>>>Response Headers:
{'Content-Length': '31', 'Server': 'gunicorn/19.7.1', 'Connection': 'close', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Date': 'Sat, 08 Apr 2017 14:29:38 GMT', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
>>>>Response Body:
{
  "origin": "192.168.74.1"
}


>>>Use params requests
Request Params:
{'param2': 'world', 'param1': 'hello'}
>>>>Response Headers:
{'Content-Length': '31', 'Server': 'gunicorn/19.7.1', 'Connection': 'close', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Date': 'Sat, 08 Apr 2017 14:29:38 GMT', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
>>>Status code
200
OK
>>>>Response Body:
{u'origin': u'192.168.74.1'}

　　

　

4、github api，requests 請求方法

https://developer.github.com/v3/

GET:查看資源

POST:增長資源

PUT：修改資源

DELETE：刪除資源

HEAD:查看響應頭

OPTIONS:查看可用請求方法

PATCH:使用少許的json格式的數據去更新數據的方式;

Verb                                               Description
HEAD Can be issued against any resource to get just the HTTP header info.
GET Used for retrieving resources.
POST Used for creating resources.
PATCH Used for updating resources with partial JSON data. For instance, an Issue resource hastitle and body attributes. A PATCH request may accept one or more of the attributes to update the resource. PATCH is a relatively new and uncommon HTTP verb, so resource endpoints also accept POST requests.
PUT Used for replacing resources or collections. For PUT requests with no body attribute, be sure to set the Content-Length header to zero.
DELETE Used for deleting resources.

 

 

requests請求方法調用github api

import json
import requests

URL='https://api.github.com'

def build_uri(endpoint):
    return '/'.join([URL,endpoint])

def better_print(json_str):
    return json.dumps(json.loads(json_str),indent=4)

def request_method():
    response=requests.get(build_uri('users/myuser'),auth=('myuser','mypassword'))
    print response.text
    print better_print(response.text)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    request_method()

結果:
{"login":"CharlesQQ","id":18431718,"avatar_url":"https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18431718?v=3","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ","html_url":"https://github.com/CharlesQQ","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false,"name":null,"company":null,"blog":null,"location":null,"email":null,"hireable":null,"bio":null,"public_repos":7,"public_gists":0,"followers":0,"following":8,"created_at":"2016-04-13T00:58:55Z","updated_at":"2017-04-08T14:36:42Z","private_gists":0,"total_private_repos":0,"owned_private_repos":0,"disk_usage":14729,"collaborators":0,"two_factor_authentication":false,"plan":{"name":"free","space":976562499,"collaborators":0,"private_repos":0}}
{
    "disk_usage": 14729, 
    "private_gists": 0, 
    "public_repos": 7, 
    "site_admin": false, 
    "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/subscriptions", 
    "gravatar_id": "", 
    "hireable": null, 
    "id": 18431718, 
    "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/followers", 
    "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/following{/other_user}", 
    "collaborators": 0, 
    "total_private_repos": 0, 
    "blog": null, 
    "followers": 0, 
    "location": null, 
    "type": "User", 
    "email": null, 
    "bio": null, 
    "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/gists{/gist_id}", 
    "owned_private_repos": 0, 
    "company": null, 
    "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/events{/privacy}", 
    "html_url": "https://github.com/CharlesQQ", 
    "updated_at": "2017-04-08T14:36:42Z", 
    "plan": {
        "collaborators": 0, 
        "name": "free", 
        "private_repos": 0, 
        "space": 976562499
    }, 
    "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/received_events", 
    "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
    "public_gists": 0, 
    "name": null, 
    "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/orgs", 
    "url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ", 
    "created_at": "2016-04-13T00:58:55Z", 
    "avatar_url": "https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18431718?v=3", 
    "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/repos", 
    "following": 8, 
    "login": "CharlesQQ", 
    "two_factor_authentication": false
}

 

5、帶參數的請求

方式1:

search_product.html?cat=19283377&...

params: requests.get(url,params={'key1':''value1})

方式2：表單數據提交

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

requests.post(url,data={'key1':'value1','keys':'value2'})

方式3：json參數提交

Content-type:application/json

requests.post(url,json={'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'})

 

使用params獲取user信息

def params_requests():
    response=requests.get(build_uri('users'),params={'since':11})
    print better_print(response.text)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.url
if __name__ == '__main__':
    params_requests()

結果：
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/tomtt", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/31?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "tomtt", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 31, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/tomtt/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/railsjitsu", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/32?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "railsjitsu", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 32, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/railsjitsu/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/nitay", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/34?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "nitay", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 34, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/nitay/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/kevwil", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/35?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "kevwil", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 35, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/kevwil/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/KirinDave", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/36?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "KirinDave", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 36, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/KirinDave/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/jamesgolick", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/37?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "jamesgolick", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 37, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jamesgolick/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/atmos", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/38?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "atmos", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 38, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/atmos/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/errfree", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/44?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "errfree", 
        "type": "Organization", 
        "id": 44, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/errfree/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/mojodna", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/45?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "mojodna", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 45, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mojodna/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/bmizerany", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/46?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "bmizerany", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 46, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/bmizerany/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/jnewland", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/47?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": true, 
        "login": "jnewland", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 47, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jnewland/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/joshknowles", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/48?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "joshknowles", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 48, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/joshknowles/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/hornbeck", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/49?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "hornbeck", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 49, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/hornbeck/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/jwhitmire", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/50?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "jwhitmire", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 50, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/jwhitmire/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/elbowdonkey", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/51?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "elbowdonkey", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 51, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/elbowdonkey/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/reinh", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/52?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "reinh", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 52, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/reinh/followers"
    }, 
    {
        "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/following{/other_user}", 
        "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/events{/privacy}", 
        "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/orgs", 
        "url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor", 
        "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/gists{/gist_id}", 
        "html_url": "https://github.com/knzconnor", 
        "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/subscriptions", 
        "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/53?v=3", 
        "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/repos", 
        "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/received_events", 
        "gravatar_id": "", 
        "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
        "site_admin": false, 
        "login": "knzconnor", 
        "type": "User", 
        "id": 53, 
        "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/knzconnor/followers"
    }
]
{'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.10.0'}
https://api.github.com/users?since=11

　　

 

使用patch修改數據

def json_request():
    response=requests.patch(build_uri('user'),auth=('charlesQQ','mypass'),
                            json={'name':'charlesQQ11','email':'charles_ali@qq.com'})
    print better_print(response.text)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.request.body
    print response.status_code

{
    "disk_usage": 14729, 
    "private_gists": 0, 
    "public_repos": 7, 
    "site_admin": false, 
    "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/subscriptions", 
    "gravatar_id": "", 
    "hireable": null, 
    "id": 18431718, 
    "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/followers", 
    "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/following{/other_user}", 
    "collaborators": 0, 
    "total_private_repos": 0, 
    "blog": null, 
    "followers": 0, 
    "location": null, 
    "type": "User", 
    "email": "charles_ali@qq.com", 
    "bio": null, 
    "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/gists{/gist_id}", 
    "owned_private_repos": 0, 
    "company": null, 
    "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/events{/privacy}", 
    "html_url": "https://github.com/CharlesQQ", 
    "updated_at": "2017-04-08T14:36:42Z", 
    "plan": {
        "collaborators": 0, 
        "name": "free", 
        "private_repos": 0, 
        "space": 976562499
    }, 
    "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/received_events", 
    "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/starred{/owner}{/repo}", 
    "public_gists": 0, 
    "name": "charlesQQ11", 
    "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/orgs", 
    "url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ", 
    "created_at": "2016-04-13T00:58:55Z", 
    "avatar_url": "https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18431718?v=3", 
    "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/CharlesQQ/repos", 
    "following": 8, 
    "login": "CharlesQQ", 
    "two_factor_authentication": false
}
{'Content-Length': '54', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.10.0', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Basic Y2hhcmxlc1FROnN0YXJ0MzMzMzM='}
{"name": "charlesQQ11", "email": "charles_ali@qq.com"}
200

　　

 

 使用post增長數據

def json_request():
    #response=requests.patch(build_uri('user'),auth=('charlesQQ','mypass'),
                           # json={'name':'charlesQQ11','email':'charles_ali@qq.com'})
    response=requests.post(build_uri('user/emails'),auth=('charlesQQ','start33333'),json=['qq_c1231@163.com'])
    print better_print(response.text)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.request.body
    print response.status_code

　　

6、請求異常處理

通常在咱們調用第三方服務的時候，難以免的是第三方服務調用出現異常，這種時候，就須要使用異常處理，來保證程序能夠正常運行;

requests的異常處理，須要使用其exceptions類來實現;

 

將超時時間設置爲0.1秒，來觸發超時異常

import requests
from requests import exceptions
def timeout_request():
    try:
        response=requests.get(build_uri('user/emails'),timeout=0.1)
        response.raise_for_status()
    except exceptions.Timeout as e:
        print e.message
    except exceptions.HTTPError as e:
        print e.message
    else:
        print response.text
        print response.status_code

調用結果:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.github.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /user/emails (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x0000000003148CF8>, 'Connection to api.github.com timed out. (connect timeout=0.1)'))

 

將超時時間設置爲10s，觸發401錯誤

def timeout_request():
    try:
        response=requests.get(build_uri('user/emails'),timeout=10)
        response.raise_for_status()
    except exceptions.Timeout as e:
        print e.message
    except exceptions.HTTPError as e:
        print e.message
    else:
        print response.text
        print response.status_code

調用結果:
401 Client Error: Unauthorized for url: https://api.github.com/user/emails

 

7、自定義request

requests經過urlib3實現能夠hold住整個socket，經過session實現;

發送的request包，包含發送的body，headers，auth，proxy，timeout，verify等，回覆消息response爲text,json等;

有時間去研究源碼吧

 

def hard_requests():
    from requests import Request,Session
    s=Session()
    headers={'User-Agent':'fake1.3.4'}
    req=Request('GET',build_uri('user/emails'),auth=('myuser','mypass'),headers=headers)
    prepared=req.prepare()
    print prepared.body
    print prepared.headers

    resp=s.send(prepared,timeout=5)
    print resp.status_code
    print resp.request.headers
    print resp.text

結果:
None
{'Authorization': 'Basic Y2hhcmxlc1FROnN0YXJ0MzMzMzM=', 'User-Agent': 'fake1.3.4'}
200
{'Authorization': 'Basic Y2hhcmxlc1FROnN0YXJ0MzMzMzM=', 'User-Agent': 'fake1.3.4'}
[{"email":"qq_c123@163.com","primary":false,"verified":false,"visibility":null},{"email":"charles_ali@qq.com","primary":true,"verified":true,"visibility":"public"},{"email":"qq_c1231@163.com","primary":false,"verified":false,"visibility":null}]

　　

8、響應基本API

Response對象的API：

   status_code:以下

       400：Bad request,請求服務器端沒法解析；   401:unauthorized,請求沒有認證;  403：forbidden；  404:Not found；

       500：內部錯誤;

  reason:

  headers:

  url:

  history:

  elapsed:

   request:

   encoding:

  raw:讀取原始的對象

  content:string類型:

   text:unicode;

   json:

  

下面分別舉例介紹

 

status_code和reason

import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')
>>> response.status_code
200
>>> response.reason
'OK'

 

響應headers

>>> response.headers
{'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block', 'Content-Security-Policy': "default-src 'none'", 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers': 'ETag, Link, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'X-Frame-Options': 'deny', 'Status': '200 OK', 'X-Served-By': 'eef8b8685a106934dcbb4b7c59fba0bf', 'X-GitHub-Request-Id': '059D:17F65:2FAC88D:3DE5D57:58EA0875', 'ETag': 'W/"7dc470913f1fe9bb6c7355b50a0737bc"', 'Date': 'Sun, 09 Apr 2017 10:09:57 GMT', 'X-RateLimit-Remaining': '38', 'Strict-Transport-Security': 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload', 'Server': 'GitHub.com', 'X-GitHub-Media-Type': 'github.v3; format=json', 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Vary': 'Accept, Accept-Encoding', 'X-RateLimit-Limit': '60', 'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60', 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8', 'X-RateLimit-Reset': '1491735173'}

 

響應url

>>> response.url
u'https://api.github.com/'

　　

響應history

>>> response.history    #若是沒有重定向，默認爲空
[]

>>> response = requests.get('http://api.github.com')    #通常訪問http,會跳轉到https
>>> response.history
[<Response [301]>]

 

響應時間

>>> response.elapsed
datetime.timedelta(0, 3, 158723)

 

能夠調用的方法

>>> dir(response)
['__attrs__', '__bool__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getstate__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__module__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setstate__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_content', '_content_consumed', 'apparent_encoding', 'close', 'connection', 'content', 'cookies', 'elapsed', 'encoding', 'headers', 'history', 'is_permanent_redirect', 'is_redirect', 'iter_content', 'iter_lines', 'json', 'links', 'ok', 'raise_for_status', 'raw', 'reason', 'request', 'status_code', 'text', 'url']

 

請求對象和請求頭

>>> response.request
<PreparedRequest [GET]>
>>> response.request.headers
{'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.6.0 CPython/2.7.5 Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64'}

　　

請求的編碼

>>> response.encoding
'utf-8'

 

響應的內容，content爲str類型

>>> response.raw.read(10)
''
>>> 
>>> 
>>> response.content
'{"current_user_url":"https://api.github.com/user","current_user_authorizations_html_url":"https://github.com/settings/connections/applications{/client_id}","authorizations_url":"https://api.github.com/authorizations","code_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/code?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","commit_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/commits?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","emails_url":"https://api.github.com/user/emails","emojis_url":"https://api.github.com/emojis","events_url":"https://api.github.com/events","feeds_url":"https://api.github.com/feeds","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/user/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/user/following{/target}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists{/gist_id}","hub_url":"https://api.github.com/hub","issue_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/issues?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","issues_url":"https://api.github.com/issues","keys_url":"https://api.github.com/user/keys","notifications_url":"https://api.github.com/notifications","organization_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","organization_url":"https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}","public_gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists/public","rate_limit_url":"https://api.github.com/rate_limit","repository_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}","repository_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","current_user_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/user/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/user/starred{/owner}{/repo}","starred_gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists/starred","team_url":"https://api.github.com/teams","user_url":"https://api.github.com/users/{user}","user_organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/user/orgs","user_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/users/{user}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","user_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/users?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}"}'

　　

響應內容,text爲unicode類型

>>> response.text
u'{"current_user_url":"https://api.github.com/user","current_user_authorizations_html_url":"https://github.com/settings/connections/applications{/client_id}","authorizations_url":"https://api.github.com/authorizations","code_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/code?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","commit_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/commits?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","emails_url":"https://api.github.com/user/emails","emojis_url":"https://api.github.com/emojis","events_url":"https://api.github.com/events","feeds_url":"https://api.github.com/feeds","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/user/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/user/following{/target}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists{/gist_id}","hub_url":"https://api.github.com/hub","issue_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/issues?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","issues_url":"https://api.github.com/issues","keys_url":"https://api.github.com/user/keys","notifications_url":"https://api.github.com/notifications","organization_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","organization_url":"https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}","public_gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists/public","rate_limit_url":"https://api.github.com/rate_limit","repository_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}","repository_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","current_user_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/user/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/user/starred{/owner}{/repo}","starred_gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists/starred","team_url":"https://api.github.com/teams","user_url":"https://api.github.com/users/{user}","user_organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/user/orgs","user_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/users/{user}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","user_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/users?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}"}'

　　

響應內容，爲json對象

>>> response.json(
... )
{u'issues_url': u'https://api.github.com/issues', u'current_user_repositories_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}', u'rate_limit_url': u'https://api.github.com/rate_limit', u'repository_search_url': u'https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', u'user_organizations_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/orgs', u'commit_search_url': u'https://api.github.com/search/commits?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', u'repository_url': u'https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}', u'emojis_url': u'https://api.github.com/emojis', u'hub_url': u'https://api.github.com/hub', u'keys_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/keys', u'following_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/following{/target}', u'emails_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/emails', u'authorizations_url': u'https://api.github.com/authorizations', u'code_search_url': u'https://api.github.com/search/code?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', u'followers_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/followers', u'public_gists_url': u'https://api.github.com/gists/public', u'organization_url': u'https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}', u'gists_url': u'https://api.github.com/gists{/gist_id}', u'feeds_url': u'https://api.github.com/feeds', u'user_search_url': u'https://api.github.com/search/users?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', u'user_url': u'https://api.github.com/users/{user}', u'events_url': u'https://api.github.com/events', u'organization_repositories_url': u'https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}', u'current_user_url': u'https://api.github.com/user', u'issue_search_url': u'https://api.github.com/search/issues?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', u'notifications_url': u'https://api.github.com/notifications', u'starred_url': u'https://api.github.com/user/starred{/owner}{/repo}', u'starred_gists_url': u'https://api.github.com/gists/starred', u'current_user_authorizations_html_url': u'https://github.com/settings/connections/applications{/client_id}', u'user_repositories_url': u'https://api.github.com/users/{user}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}', u'team_url': u'https://api.github.com/teams'}

>>> response.json()['team_url']   #訪問json的對象
u'https://api.github.com/teams'

 

9、下載圖片/文件

圖片/文件下載過程

瀏覽器模擬-->構建request(調試策略)-->讀取流data-->打開文件，存入數據

 

有一些返回的context的內容是沒有辦法讀取的，只有經過流的方式保存到文件中

import requests
def download_image():
    """
    demo:下載圖片
    :return:
    """
    url= "http://img0.tech2ipo.com/upload/img/article/2015/06/1434420238601.png"
    headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'}
    response=requests.get(url,headers=headers,stream=True)
    with open('demo.png','wb') as fd:
        for chunk in response.iter_content(128):
            fd.write(chunk)
    print response.status_code
    # print  response.reason
    # print  response.content

　　

 

使用上下午文管理的方式，讀物數據流，寫入文件，最後關閉流

def download_image_improved():
    """
    demo:下載圖片
    :return:
    """
    #僞造headers信息
    headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'}
    #限定url
    url= "http://img0.tech2ipo.com/upload/img/article/2015/06/1434420238601.png"
    response=requests.get(url,headers=headers,stream=True)
    from contextlib import closing
    with  closing(requests.get(url,headers=headers,stream=True)) as response:
        #打開文件
        with open('demo.png','wb') as fd:
            #每128寫入一次
            for chunk in response.iter_content(128):
                fd.write(chunk)

　　

　

 10、事件鉤子(Event hooks)

相似於js中的回調函數；

IO請求-->response-->回調函數

說白了，就是異步請求，request發出以後，直接返回，剩餘的IO請求，由回調函數處理;

 

異步處理demo

import requests

def get_key_info(response,*args,**kwargs):
    """
    回調函數
    :return:
    """
    print response.headers['Content-Type']

def main():
    """
    主程序
    :return:
    """
    requests.get('https://api.github.com',hooks=dict(response=get_key_info))

main()

執行結果:
application/json; charset=utf-8

　　

 11、HTTP認證

一、http基本認證

  requests a protected resource-->requests a username:password-->sends username:password-->returns requests resource

import requests

BASE_URL='https://api.github.com'

def construct_url(end_point):
    return '/'.join([BASE_URL,end_point])

def basic_auth():
    """
    基本認證
    :return:
    """

    response=requests.get(construct_url('user'),auth=('imoocdeo','imoocdeo123'))
    print response.text
    print response.request.headers

basic_auth()

打印結果:
{"message":"Bad credentials","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3"}
{'Authorization': 'Basic aW1vb2NkZW86aW1vb2NkZW8xMjM=', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.10.0'}
這裏字符串 aW1vb2NkZW86aW1vb2NkZW8xMjM=是使用base64編碼的結果

 

在終端打開bpython(pip install bpython安裝)

>>> import base64
>>> 
>>> base64.b64decode('aW1vb2NkZW86aW1vb2NkZW8xMjM=')
'imoocdeo:imoocdeo123'    #是用戶名和密碼拼湊起來的,可是這樣可能不安全

　　

二、OAUTH認證

https://www.codewars.com/ 使用的登陸認證方式

 

 APP---github

 

github生成access_token:   https://github.com/settings/tokens-->Generate new token-->選擇該token擁有的權限

 

def basic_oauth():
    headers={'Authorization':'token 51684c8452ff83556f1a6705d2d85d7f68cd5ca7'}
    #user/emails,經過請求頭把token帶過去
    response=requests.get(construct_url('user/emails'),headers=headers)
    print response.request.headers
    print response.text
    print response.status_code
basic_oauth()

打印結果:
{'Authorization': 'token 51684c8452ff83556f1a6705d2d85d7f68cd5ca7', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.10.0'}
[{"email":"qq_c123@163.com","primary":false,"verified":false,"visibility":null},{"email":"charles_ali@qq.com","primary":true,"verified":true,"visibility":"public"},{"email":"qq_c1231@163.com","primary":false,"verified":false,"visibility":null}]
200

　

 

使用python自帶的語法糖類實現上述內容,__call__能夠將實例化的對象當作類進行實例化調用,即將實例化的對象在加()，就能夠調用__call__函數,f()();

from requests.auth import AuthBase

class GithubAuth(AuthBase):

    def __init__(self,token):
        self.token=token

    def __call__(self, r):
        #request 加headers
        r.headers['Authorization']=' '.join(['token',self.token])
        print r
        return r

def oauth_advaced():
    auth=GithubAuth('51684c8452ff83556f1a6705d2d85d7f68cd5ca7')
    response=requests.get(construct_url('user/emails'),auth=auth)
    print response.text

oauth_advaced()

調用結果:
<PreparedRequest [GET]>
[{"email":"qq_c123@163.com","primary":false,"verified":false,"visibility":null},{"email":"charles_ali@qq.com","primary":true,"verified":true,"visibility":"public"},{"email":"qq_c1231@163.com","primary":false,"verified":false,"visibility":null}]

　　

12、requests庫的proxy代理

import requests
proxies={'http':'sock5://127.0.0.1:1080','https':'sock5://127.0.0.1:1080'}    #設置代理地址

url='https://www.facebook.com'

response=requests.get(url,proxies=proxies,timeout=10)

　　

十3、Session和cookie

cookie:

瀏覽器請求(無cookie)-->服務器-->HTTP響應(響應頭有set cookie,設置有效期，權限範圍等等)-->解析cookie保存本地-->HTTP請求(攜帶cookie)--->解析cookie識別信息--HTTP響應

缺點:cookie是在瀏覽器端的，每次請求，都要攜帶cookie，消耗帶寬;cookie能夠僞造,不安全;

 

session:

瀏覽器HTTP請求-->服務器存儲session-->HTTP響應(set cookie-session-id  叫作session id的cookie)-->解析cookie保存本地(這個cookie很是小,僅含有session id)-->解析session id(到存儲中查，該session id對於的用戶信息，權限信息是什麼)-->HTTP響應

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索
每日一句
    每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。
本站公眾號
   歡迎關注本站公眾號,獲取更多信息
聯繫我們 最近搜索 最新文章 沪ICP备13005482号-10 MyBatis教程 SQL 教程 MySQL教程 Java 教程 Thymeleaf 教程 Hibernate教程 Spring教程 Redis教程