laravel使用中遇到的問題

又有一段時間沒有學習了!迷茫，除了迷茫仍是在迷茫！最近，公司接了一個laravel的項目，惋惜沒有phper，因而開始學習laravel，如今的狀況就是還沒學會走路就要開始跑了，因此遇到坑會摔得很痛！

安裝出現的問題

1. 安裝步驟(5.3.*)

   composer global require "laravel/installer" 
    composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog "5.3.*"

2. 出現的問題

   ①沒法安裝composer依賴

   報錯: php.ini 缺乏mbstring

   laravel/framework v5.4.9 requires ext-mbstring * -> the requested PHP extension mbstring is missing from your system.

   解決: 放開註釋extension=php_mbstring.dll

   ②php artisan ser能運行但頁面報錯

   報錯: The only supported ciphers are AES-128-CBC and AES-256-CBC

   解決: 先運行這個命令

   php artisan key:generate

   再運行

   php artisan config:clear

   ③同事安裝php出現的問題:php.ini啓用openssl時報錯openssl.dll找不到

   錯誤顯示他的配置默認去C:/php/ext/下去找openssl.dll文件
   解決: 他開的是虛擬機，修改extension_dir = "./" 路徑爲絕對路徑

   ④本地運行時post請求報錯

   報錯:

   TokenMismatchException in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 68:
     in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 68
     at VerifyCsrfToken->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php        line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       ShareErrorsFromSession.php line 49
     at ShareErrorsFromSession->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in      Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in StartSession.php      line 64
     at StartSession->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line      137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       AddQueuedCookiesToResponse.php line 37
     at AddQueuedCookiesToResponse->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in      Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       EncryptCookies.php line 59
     at EncryptCookies->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php         line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line         104
     at Pipeline->then(object(Closure)) in Router.php line 655
     at Router->runRouteWithinStack(object(Route), object(Request)) in Router.php        line 629
     at Router->dispatchToRoute(object(Request)) in Router.php line 607
     at Router->dispatch(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 268
     at Kernel->Illuminate\Foundation\Http\{closure}(object(Request)) in         Pipeline.php line 53
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       EnableCrossRequestMiddleware.php line 19
     at EnableCrossRequestMiddleware->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in        Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       CheckForMaintenanceMode.php line 46
     at CheckForMaintenanceMode->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in         Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line         104
     at Pipeline->then(object(Closure)) in Kernel.php line 150
     at Kernel->sendRequestThroughRouter(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 117
     at Kernel->handle(object(Request)) in index.php line 54
     at require_once('E:\phpStudy\WWW\mylaravel\blog\public\index.php') in       server.php line 21

   緣由：laravel爲了防止跨站腳本攻擊(CSRF),會自動爲每一個活躍用戶的會話生成一個 CSRF「令牌」。該令牌用於驗證通過身份驗證的用戶是不是嚮應用程序發出請求的用戶。
   解決：在app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken中放行須要訪問的地址。如

   protected $except = [
         //
         /*,
         /wechat,
     ];

   ⑤遇到跨域問題(laravel跨域))

   • 運行命令

     php artisan make:middleware EnableCrossRequestMiddleware

     自動在app/Http/Middleware下生成一個EnableCrossRequestMiddleware.php

     <?php
     
        namespace App\Http\Middleware;
     
        use Closure;
     
        class EnableCrossRequestMiddleware
        {
            /**
             * Handle an incoming request
             * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
             * @param  \Closure  $next
             * @return mixed
                 */
                public function handle($request, Closure $next)
                {
                    return $next($request);
                }

}

增長中間件內容

<?php
        namespace App\Http\Middleware;
        use Closure;
        class EnableCrossRequestMiddleware
        {
            /**
             * Handle an incoming request.
             *
             * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
             * @param  \Closure $next
             * @return mixed
             */
            public function handle($request, Closure $next)
            {
                $response = $next($request);
                $origin = $request->server('HTTP_ORIGIN') ? $request->server               ('HTTP_ORIGIN') : '';
                $allow_origin = [
                    'http://localhost:8000', // 容許跨域的列表了，可自行修改
                ];
                if (in_array($origin, $allow_origin)) {
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', $origin);
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'Origin,             Content-Type, Cookie, X-CSRF-TOKEN, Accept, Authorization,             X-XSRF-TOKEN');
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Expose-Headers', 'Authorization,             authenticated');
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'GET, POST, PATCH,                PUT, OPTIONS');
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials', 'true');
                }
                return $response;
            }
        }

    在內核文件註冊該中間件(在 App\Http\Kernel 類的 $middleware 屬性添加，這裏註冊的中間件屬於全局中間件)

            protected $middleware = [
                // more
                \App\Http\Middleware\EnableCrossRequestMiddleware::class,
            ];

⑥composer安裝報錯

報錯：win7下使用命令行安裝的composer使用時莫名其妙報錯

[JsonSchema\Exception\ResourceNotFoundException] file_get_contents(file://): failed to open stream: No such file or directory

解決：下載Composer-Setup.exe，從新安裝composer