Oracle基本語句

--建立用戶
create user han identified by han default tablespace
users Temporary TABLESPACE Temp;
grant connect,resource,dba to han; //授予用戶han開發人員的權利

--------------------對錶的操做--------------------------
--建立表
create table classes(
       id number(9) not null primary key,
       classname varchar2(40) not null
)      
--查詢表
select * from classes;

--刪除表
drop table students;

--修改表的名稱
rename alist_table_copy to alist_table;

--顯示錶結構
describe test --不對沒查到

-----------------------對字段的操做-----------------------------------
--增長列
alter table test add address varchar2(40);

--刪除列
alter table test drop column address;

--修改列的名稱
alter table test modify address addresses varchar(40;

--修改列的屬性
alter table test modi

create table test1(
       id number(9) primary key not null,
       name varchar2(34)
      )
rename test2 to test;

--建立自增的序列
create sequence class_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

select class_seq.currval from dual

--插入數據
insert into classes values(class_seq.nextval,'軟件一班')
commit;

--更新數據
update stu_account set username='aaa' where count_id=2;
commit;

--建立惟一索引
create unique index username on stu_account(username);   --惟一索引不能插入相同的數據

--行鎖 在新打開的對話中不能對此行進行操做
select * from stu_account t where t.count_id=2 for update; --行鎖

--alter table stuinfo modify sty_id to stu_id;

alter table students drop constraint class_fk;
alter table students add constraint class_fk foreign key (class_id) references classes(id);--外鍵約束
alter table stuinfo add constraint stu_fk foreign key (stu_id) references students(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;--外鍵約束,級聯刪除

alter table stuinfo drop constant stu_fk;   

insert into students values(stu_seq.nextval,'張三',1,sysdate);

insert into stuinfo values(stu_seq.currval,'威海');

select * from stuinfo;

create table zhuce(
       zc_id number(9) not null primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       zhucetime date default sysdate

)

create table feiyong (
       fy_id number(9) not null primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       mx_id number(9) not null,
       yijiao number(7,2) not null default 0,
       qianfei number(7,2) not null
       
)

create talbe fymingxi(
       mx_id number(9) not null primary key,
       feiyong number(7,2) not null,     //共7位數字，小數後有兩位
       class_id number(9) not null
}

create table card(
       card_id number(9) primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       money number(7,2) not null default 0,
       status number(1) not null default 0   --0表可用,1表掛失
)

--鏈表查詢

select c.classname||'_'||s.stu_name as 班級_姓名,si.address from classes c,students s , stuinfo si where c.id=s.class_id and s.id=si.stu_id; 
insert into students values(stu_seq.nextval,'李四',1,sysdate);
insert into stuinfo values(stu_seq.currval,'南京');

--函數
select rownum,id,stu_name from students t order by id asc;

--中間表實現多對多關聯
--（1   1， 1   n，n 1，n n ）

--1 n的描述   1的表不做處理   n的表有1表的字段
--1 1的描述   主外鍵關聯
--n n的描述 中間表實現多對多關聯

create　table course(
         course_id number(9) not null,
         couser_name varchar2(40) not null
)
alter table course to couse;
create table stu_couse(
       stu_couse_id number(9) primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       couse_id number(9) not null

)

create unique index stu_couse_unq on stu_couse(stu_id,couse_id); --惟一學生
create sequence stu_couse_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

create sequence couses_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'計算機原理');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'編譯原理');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'數據庫原理');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'數據結構');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'計算機基礎');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'C語言初步');
commit;

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,1);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,3);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,5);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,5);

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,2,1);
commit;
select * from stu_couse;
select * from course;

--select s.stu_name,sc.couse_id, c.couser_name from students s,course c,stu_couse sc where stu_id=1

--select couse_id from stu_couse where stu_id=1

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,c.couser_name from stu_couse sc, students s,course c,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.course_id and s.class_id=cl.id and s.id=1;

--班級——姓名
select c.classname,s.stu_name from students s,classes c where s.class_id=c.id and s.id=2;

select * from students s where s.id=2
--班級——姓名——課程

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl,couse c where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and s.id=26;

--sql 語句的寫法，現寫出關聯到的表，而後寫出要查找的字段，第三 寫出關聯條件   ，記住在寫關聯到的表時先寫數據多的表，這樣有助於提升sql的效率

select c.couser_name,s.stu_name from stu_couse sc,students s,course c where c.course_id=1 and c.course_id=sc.couse_id and sc.stu_id=s.id;

select s.stu_name from students s,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;

select c.classname,count(sc.couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes c where s.class_id=c.id and s.id=sc.stu_id group by c.classname;

select s.stu_name, count(sc.couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id group by s.id,s.stu_name having count(sc.stu_couse_id)>3;
班級 學生 選課數量
select cl.classname,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and s.class_id=cl.id group by cl.classname;

--班級 學生 選課數量
select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.stu_name;

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc ,students s,classes cl where sc.stu_id=s.id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.id;

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where sc.stu_id=s.id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.stu_name;
--班級 學生 所選課程id 所選課程名稱

--建立試圖 目的把表聯合起來 而後當作一個表，在與其餘的聯合進行查詢 
create view xsxk as select cl.classname, s.stu_name,c.couse_id, c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl,couse c where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and s.class_id=cl.id;

select * from xsxk

create view classstu as select s.id,c.classname,s.stu_name from students s,classes c where c.id=s.class_id;
drop view classstu; --刪除視圖
select * from classstu;
create view stu_couse_view as select s.id ,c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id;
select * from stu_couse_view;
create view csc as select cs.classname,cs.stu_name,scv.couse_name from classstu cs,stu_couse_view scv where cs.id=scv.id;
select * from csc;

select * from classes cross join students; --全鏈接，至關於select * from classes,students;

select * from classes cl left join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --左鏈接 無論左表有沒有 都顯示出來
select * from classes cl right join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --右鏈接
select * from classes cl full join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --全鏈接

insert into classes values(class_seq.nextval,'軟件四班');

create table sales(
       nian varchar2(4),
       yeji number(5)
       
);
insert into sales values('2001',200);
insert into sales values('2002',300);
insert into sales values('2003',400);
insert into sales values('2004',500);
commit;
select * from sales;
drop table sale;

select s1.nian,sum(s2.yeji) from sales s1,sales s2 where s1.nian>=s2.nian group by s1.nian order by s1.nian desc;

select s1.nian,sum(s2.yeji) from sales s1,sales s2 where s1.nian>=s2.nian group by s1.nian;

s
       年       年業績總和 
       2001     200
       2002     500
       2003     900
       2004     1400

create table test1(
       t_id number(4)
);

create table org(
       org_id number(9) not null primary key,
       org_name varchar2(40) not null,
       parent_id number(9)
);

create sequence org_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;
drop sequence org_seq;
insert into org values(1,'華建集團',0);
insert into org values(2,'華建集團一分公司',1);
insert into org values(3,'華建集團二分公司',1);
insert into org values(4,'華建集團財務部',1);
insert into org values(5,'華建集團工程部',1);
insert into org values(6,'華建集團一分公司財務處',2);
insert into org values(7,'華建集團一分公司工程處',2);

select * from org;
--不正確 不能實現循環
select b.org_id , b.org_name ,b.parent_id from org a,org b where a.org_id=7 and a.parent_id=b.org_id;
select * from org connect by prior parent_id=org_id start with org_id=7 order by org_id;
select * from org connect by prior org_id=parent_id start with org_id=1 order by org_id;

create table chengji(
       cj_id number(9) not null primary key,
       stu_cou_id number(9) not null,
       fen number(4,1)
       
);
insert into chengji values(1,1,62);
insert into chengji values(2,2,90);
insert into chengji values(3,3,85);
insert into chengji values(4,4,45);
insert into chengji values(5,5,68);
insert into chengji values(6,6,87);
commit;
select * from chengji;
select * from stu_couse;
--在oracle 中好像不適用 alter table chengji change stu_cou_id stu_couse_id;alter table shop_jb change price1 price double;

學生姓名   平均分
select s.stu_name,avg(cj.fen) from stu_couse sc,chengji cj,students s where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;
select s.stu_name from students s,stu_couse sc,chengji cj where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;
select s.stu_name,cj.fen from students s,stu_couse sc,chengji cj where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60;

學生姓名   科目   成績
select s.stu_name,c.couse_name,cj.fen from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60 order by=;

select * from stu_couse;

--集合運算
--選擇了課程3的學生   union 選擇了課程5的學生   並集
--選擇了課程3 或者 選擇了課程5的學生
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=3
union
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=5

--選擇了課程3，5，2 的學生 intersect 選擇課程1，2，4的學生    交集
--求選擇了課程 2 而且 選擇了課程 3 的學生   交集
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=2
intersect
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=3;

--選擇了課程3，5，8的學生   minus 選擇了課程1，7，8的學生   --差集 -- 求全部課程的成績都大於 60 的學生 差集 select distinct(s.stu_name) from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60 minus select distinct(s.stu_name) from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen<60;