Python模塊練習題

時間 2019-11-07

原文原文鏈接

練習題:

1.logging模塊有幾個日誌級別？html

#INFO,WARNING,DEBUG,CRITICAL,ERROR

2.請配置logging模塊，使其在屏幕和文件裏同時打印如下格式的日誌python

2017-10-18 15:56:26,613 - access - ERROR - account [1234] too many login attempts

代碼mysql

import logging
from logging import handlers
logger = logging.getLogger('access')
logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(interval=1,when='D',filename='web.log', backupCount=10)
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
file_format = logging.Formatter(fmt='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
ch.setFormatter(file_format)
fh.setFormatter(file_format)

logger.error('account [1234] too many login attempts')

3.json、pickle、shelve三個區別是什麼？
nginx

首先，這三個模塊都是序列化工具。
 1. json是全部語言的序列化工具,優勢跨語言、體積小.只能序列化一些基本的數據類型。int\str\list\tuple\dict
 pickle是python語言特有序列化工具，全部數據都能序列化。只能在python中使用，存儲數據佔空間大.
 shelve模塊是一個簡單的k,v將內存數據經過文件持久化的模塊，能夠持久化任何pickle可支持的python數據格式。

4.json的做用是什麼？git

序列化，把dict，tuple，list等內存對象轉換爲字符串，持久化數據，存儲到硬盤中或網絡傳輸，由於網絡和硬盤只接受bytes

5.subprocess執行命令方法有幾種？web

 run()方法
 call()方法
 Popen()方法

6.爲何要設計好目錄結構？正則表達式

1.可讀性高: 不熟悉這個項目的代碼的人，一眼就能看懂目錄結構，知道程序啓動腳本是哪一個，測試目錄在哪兒，配置文件在哪兒等等。從而很是快速的瞭解這個項目。
2.可維護性高: 定義好組織規則後，維護者就能很明確地知道，新增的哪一個文件和代碼應該放在什麼目錄之下。這個好處是，隨着時間的推移，代碼/配置的規模增長，項目結構不會混亂，仍然可以組織良好。

7.打印出命令行的第一個參數。例如：sql

python argument.py luffy
打印出 luffy
import sys
print(sys.argv[1])

8.如下代碼json

'''
Linux當前目錄/usr/local/nginx/html/
文件名：index.html
'''
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('index.html')))
print(BASE_DIR)

打印
/usr/local/nginx/

9.os.path.dirname和os.path.abspath含義是什麼？bash

os.path.dirname：指定文件的目錄
os.path.abspath：指定文件的絕對路徑

10.經過configparser模塊完成如下功能

文件名my.cnf

 [DEFAULT]

 [client]
 port = 3306
 socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock

 [mysqld]
 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
 port = 3306
 socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock
 back_log = 80
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
 tmpdir = /tmp
 datadir = /data/mysql_3306
 default-time-zone = '+8:00'

修改時區 default-time-zone = '+8:00' 爲校準的全球時間 +00:00

刪除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

爲DEFAULT增長一條 character-set-server = utf8

import configparser
import os
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('my.cnf')
new_file = 'my.cnf%s'%('new')
with open(new_file,'w') as new_f:

    print(config.sections())
    print(config)
    # 爲DEFAULT增長一條 character-set-server = utf8
    config['DEFAULT']={'character-set-server':'utf8'}
    # 修改時區 default-time-zone = '+8:00' 爲 校準的全球時間 +00:00
    config.set('mysqld','default-time-zone','+00:00')
    # 刪除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
    config.remove_option('mysqld','explicit_defaults_for_timestamp')
    config.write(new_f)
os.remove('my.cnf')
os.rename(new_file,'my.cnf')

11.寫一個6位隨機驗證碼程序（使用random模塊),要求驗證碼中至少包含一個數字、一個小寫字母、一個大寫字母.

import random
import string

code_li = []

code_li.append(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase))
code_li.append(random.choice(string.digits))
code_li.append(random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase))
while len(code_li) < 6:
    code_li.append(random.choice(string.digits+string.ascii_lowercase+string.ascii_uppercase))
print(code_li)
q_code=''.join(code_li)
print(q_code)

12.利用正則表達式提取到 luffycity.com ，內容以下

s='''

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <title>luffycity.com</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
'''

import re
match_s = re.findall('<title>(.*?)</title>',s)
print(match_s[0])

13.寫一個用戶登陸驗證程序，文件以下 1234.json

1234.json
{"expire_date": "2021-01-01", "id": 1234, "status": 0, "pay_day": 22, "password": "abc"}

'''
寫一個用戶登陸驗證程序，文件以下
1234.json

用戶名爲json文件名，密碼爲 password。
判斷是否過時，與expire_date進行對比。
登錄成功後，打印「登錄成功」，三次登錄失敗，status值改成1，而且鎖定帳號。
'''
import json
import os
import time
import hashlib

count = 0
exit_flag =False


while count < 3:
    user = input('輸入用戶名： ')
    f = user.strip()+'.json'
    if os.path.exists(f):
        fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8')
        j_user = json.load(fp)
        if j_user["status"] == 1:
            print('帳號已經鎖定')
            break
        else:
            expire_dt = j_user["expire_date"]

            current_st = time.time()
            expire_st = time.mktime(time.strptime(expire_dt,'%Y-%m-%d'))
            # print(expire_st,current_st)
            if current_st > expire_st:
                print('用戶已通過期')
                break
            else:
                while count < 3:
                    pwd = input('輸入密碼： ')
                    if pwd.strip() == j_user["password"]:
                        print('用戶[%s]登陸成功'%user)
                        exit_flag = True
                        break
                    else:
                        print('密碼不對')
                        if count == 2:
                            print('用戶登陸已超過3次，鎖定帳號')
                            j_user["status"] = 1
                            fp.seek(0)
                            fp.truncate()  # 清空文件內容
                            json.dump(j_user,fp)  # 寫入鎖定信息
                    count += 1
    if exit_flag:
        break
    else:
        print('用戶不存在')
        count += 1

14. 把第13題三次驗證的密碼進行hashlib加密處理。即：json文件保存爲md5的值，而後用md5的值進行驗證。

加密密碼

f ='1234.json'
fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8')
j_user = json.load(fp)
md = hashlib.md5()
md.update('abc'.encode('utf-8'))
md_pwd = md.hexdigest()
print(md_pwd)
j_user["password"] = md_pwd
fp.seek(0)
fp.truncate()  # 清空文件內容
json.dump(j_user,fp)  # 寫入md5密碼信息
fp.close()

用戶登陸驗證

count = 0
exit_flag = False
md = hashlib.md5()

while count < 3:
    user = input('輸入用戶名： ')
    f = user.strip()+'.json'
    if os.path.exists(f):
        fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8')
        j_user = json.load(fp)
        if j_user["status"] == 1:
            print('帳號已經鎖定')
            break
        else:
            expire_dt = j_user["expire_date"]

            current_st = time.time()
            expire_st = time.mktime(time.strptime(expire_dt,'%Y-%m-%d'))
            # print(expire_st,current_st)
            if current_st > expire_st:
                print('用戶已通過期')
                break
            else:
                while count < 3:
                    pwd = input('輸入密碼： ')
                    md.update(pwd.strip().encode('utf-8'))
                    md5_pwd = md.hexdigest()
                    if md5_pwd == j_user["password"]:
                        print('用戶[%s]登陸成功'%user)
                        exit_flag = True
                        break
                    else:
                        print('密碼不對')
                        if count == 2:
                            print('用戶登陸已超過3次，鎖定帳號')
                            j_user["status"] = 1
                            fp.seek(0)
                            fp.truncate()  # 清空文件內容
                            json.dump(j_user,fp)  # 寫入鎖定信息
                            fp.close()

                    count += 1
    if exit_flag:
        break
    else:
        print('用戶不存在')
        count += 1

15.

最近luffy買了個tesla，經過轉帳的形式，而且支付了5%的手續費，tesla價格爲75萬。文件爲json，請用程序實現該轉帳行爲。需求以下：

目錄結構爲

  .
  ├── account
 │ ├── luffy.json
 │ └── tesla.json
 └── bin
 └── start.py

當執行start.py時，出現交互窗口

  
    ------- Luffy Bank ---------
   1. 帳戶信息
  2. 轉帳

選擇1 帳戶信息顯示luffy的當前帳戶餘額。
選擇2 轉帳直接扣掉75萬和利息費用而且tesla帳戶增長75萬

對上題增長一個需求：提現。目錄結構以下

  
  .
  ├── account
 │ └── luffy.json
 ├── bin
 │ └── start.py
 └── core
 └── withdraw.py

當執行start.py時，出現交互窗口

  
    ------- Luffy Bank ---------
   1. 帳戶信息
  2. 提現

選擇1 帳戶信息顯示luffy的當前帳戶餘額和信用額度。
選擇2 提現提現金額應小於等於信用額度，利息爲5%，提現金額爲用戶自定義。
嘗試把上一章的驗證用戶登錄的裝飾器添加到提現和轉帳的功能上。

對第15題的用戶轉帳、登陸、提現操做均經過logging模塊記錄日誌,日誌文件位置以下

  .
  ├── account
 │ └── luffy.json
 ├── bin
 │ └── start.py
 └── core
 | └── withdraw.py
 └── logs
 └── bank.log

目錄結構

代碼 settings.py

import os

'''
日誌文件設置
'''
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
LOG_LEVEL='INFO'
LOG_FILE='bank.log'

'''
交易類型
'''
TRANS_TYPE={
    'withdraw':{'interest':0.05,'action':'minus'},
    'transfer': {'interest': 0.05, 'action': 'minus'}
}

print(BASE_DIR)

代碼 my_logset.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/4/23 8:55
# @Author  : hyang
# @File    : my_logset.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import logging
import os
from conf import settings

# 日誌格式
log_format = '[%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(filename)s - %(lineno)d ] %(message)s '

def get_mylogger(name):
    """
    get log
    :param name:
    :return:
    """
    logger = logging.getLogger(name)
    logger.setLevel(settings.LOG_LEVEL)

    console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
    # 文件絕對路徑
    logfile_path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'log',settings.LOG_FILE)
    file_handler = logging.FileHandler(logfile_path)

    logger.addHandler(console_handler)
    logger.addHandler(file_handler)

    file_format = logging.Formatter(fmt=log_format)
    console_format = logging.Formatter(fmt=log_format, datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ')

    console_handler.setFormatter(console_format)
    file_handler.setFormatter(file_format)

    return logger

if __name__ == '__main__':
    log = get_mylogger('access')
    log.info('access')
    log.error('Error')

    log1 = get_mylogger('trans')
    log1.info('trans')

代碼 auth.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/5/14 22:57
# @Author  : hyang
# @Site    :
# @File    : auth.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import json
import time
import os
from conf import settings
from log import my_logset
from functools import wraps


# logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access')


def login_required(func):
    """
     登陸認證裝飾器
    :param func:
    :return:
    """
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        # print(args[0].get('is_authenticated'))
        if args[0].get('is_authenticated'):
            print('execute %s'%func.__name__)
            res = func(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            exit('user is not authenticated')
        return res

    return wrapper


def acc_login(user, pwd,logger):
    """
     用戶登陸
    :param log_obj:
    :return:
    """
    # 帳號文件
    account_file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,'account','%s.json'%user)
    if os.path.isfile(account_file):
        user_fp = open(account_file,'r',encoding='utf-8')
        account_data = json.load(fp=user_fp)
        if account_data["password"] == pwd:
            exp_time_stamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(account_data["expire_date"],'%Y-%m-%d'))
            status = account_data['status']
            if time.time() > exp_time_stamp:
                msg = 'Account [%s] has expired,please contact the back to get a new card!' % user
                logger.error(msg)

            elif status != 0:
                msg = 'Account [%s] has frozen' % user
                logger.error(msg)

            else:
                logger.info('***********歡迎{}登陸***********'.format(user))
                return account_data
        else:
            logger.error("Account ID or password is incorrect!")
    else:
        msg = "Account [%s] does not exist!" % user
        logger.error(msg)

def auth_acc(user_data,logger):
    """
     用戶登陸
    :return:
    """
    retry_count = 0
    if user_data['is_authenticated'] is not True:
        while retry_count < 3:
            user = input('input username: ').strip()
            pwd = input('input password: ').strip()

            acc_data = acc_login(user, pwd,logger)
            if acc_data:
                user_data['is_authenticated'] = True
                return acc_data

            retry_count +=1
        else:
            exit("account too many login attempts" )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access')
    user_data = {'is_authenticated':False}
    auth_acc(user_data,logger)

代碼 main.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/5/14 23:55
# @Author  : hyang
# @Site    :
# @File    : main.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import os
import json
from core import auth
from core.auth import login_required
from conf import settings
from log import my_logset



user_data = {
    'user_id':None,
    'is_authenticated':False,
    'user':None
}

# transaction logger
trans_logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('transaction')
# access logger
access_logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access')

@login_required
def account_info(user_data):
    """
       print acoount_info
       :param acc_data:
       :return:
       """
    curr_data = user_data['user']
    current_user = ''' 
       --------- USER INFO --------
       user_id:     {}
       Credit :     {}
       Balance:     {}
       expire_date: {}      
       ----------------------------------
       '''.format(curr_data['id'], curr_data['credit'], curr_data['balance'],curr_data['expire_date'])
    access_logger.info(current_user)

@login_required
def withdraw(user_data):
    """

     print current balance and let user do the withdraw action
    :param user_data:
    :return:
    """
    curr_data = user_data['user']
    back_flag = False
    while not back_flag:
        withdraw_amount = input("Input withdraw amount:").strip()
        if withdraw_amount.isdigit():
                old_bal = curr_data['balance']
                curr_data['balance'] = old_bal - float(withdraw_amount)*settings.TRANS_TYPE['withdraw']['interest']
                if curr_data['balance']:
                    msg = "New Balance:%s" % (curr_data['balance'])
                    trans_logger.info(msg)
                    save_data(curr_data)
        elif withdraw_amount == 'b':
            back_flag = True
        else:
            msg = "[%s] is not a valid amount, only accept integer!" % withdraw_amount
            trans_logger.error(msg)



@login_required
def transfer(user_data):
    """
     print current balance and let user do the transfer action
    :param user_data:
    :return:
    """
    curr_data = user_data['user']
    back_flag = False
    while not back_flag:
        transfer_amount = input("Input transfer amount:").strip()
        tesla_data = get_data('tesla')  # 獲得轉帳人的信息
        if transfer_amount.isdigit():
            transfer_amount = float(transfer_amount)  # 轉帳金額轉化float
            old_bal = curr_data['balance']
            new_tesla_bal = tesla_data['balance'] + transfer_amount  # 獲得轉帳人的餘額
            curr_data['balance'] = old_bal - float(transfer_amount) * settings.TRANS_TYPE['withdraw']['interest']
            tesla_data['balance'] = new_tesla_bal
            if curr_data['balance']:
                msg = "New Balance: %s new_tesla_bal: %s " % (curr_data['balance'], new_tesla_bal)
                trans_logger.info(msg)
                # 保存數據
                save_data(curr_data)
                save_data(tesla_data)
        elif transfer_amount == 'b':
            back_flag = True
        else:
            msg = "[%s] is not a valid amount, only accept integer!" % transfer_amount
            trans_logger.error(msg)


def logout(user_data):
    """
    user logout
    :param acc_data:
    :return:
    """
    msg = "%s logout" % user_data['user_id']
    user_data['is_authenticated']= False


def save_data(acc_data):
    """
     保存acc_data
    :param acc_data:
    :return:
    """
    file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,'account',acc_data['id']+'.json')
    user_fp = open(file,'w',encoding='utf-8')
    print('save_data: ',file, acc_data)
    json.dump(acc_data,user_fp,ensure_ascii=False)
    user_fp.close()

def get_data(user_id):
    """
     獲得acc_data
    :param user_id:
    :return:
    """
    file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'account', user_id+'.json')
    user_fp = open(file, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    acc_data = json.load(user_fp)
    user_fp.close()
    return acc_data

def interactive(acc_data):

    '''
    interact with user
    :return:
    '''
    menu = """
    ------- Bank ---------
    1.  帳戶信息(功能已實現)
    2.  取款(功能已實現)
    3.  轉帳(功能已實現)
    4.  用戶退出(功能已實現)
    """
    menu_dic = {
        '1': account_info,
        '2': withdraw,
        '3': transfer,
        '4': logout,
    }
    exit_flag = False
    while not exit_flag:
        print(menu)
        user_option = input(">>:").strip()
        if user_option in menu_dic:
            # print('accdata', acc_data)
            # print(menu_dic[user_option], acc_data)
            menu_dic[user_option](acc_data)
        else:
            print("Option does not exist!", "error")
            exit_flag = True


def run():
    '''
    this function will be called right a way when the program started, here handles the user interaction stuff
    :return:
    '''
    acc_data = auth.auth_acc(user_data,access_logger)
    # print(acc_data)
    # 若是用戶認證成功
    if user_data['is_authenticated']:
         user_data['user'] = acc_data
         user_data['user_id'] = acc_data.get('id')
         interactive(user_data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()
    # print(a[0])

代碼 start.py

import sys,os

BASE_DIR=os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)  # 加入環境變量

from core import main as m

if __name__ == '__main__':
    m.run()