RHEL 6.5 PXE 安裝調試 VMWARE ESXi 5.1 安裝

時間 2019-11-11

標籤 rhel 6.5 pxe 安裝調試 vmware esxi 5.1 欄目 Red Hat 简体版

原文原文鏈接

測試環境：win10/vmware workstation 12 prohtml

操做系統：RHEL 6.5(PXE服務器）python

【2016.11.30】linux

【遺留問題】shell

一、ks.cfg經過本地文件方式加載不成功，只能經過http://方式成功，如下幾種嘗試都是不成功的。apache

   ks=file:esxi5.1/ks.cfg
   ks=ks.cfg
   ks=tftp://192.168.148.1/esxi5.1/ks.cfgvim

安裝與配置：windows

。安裝DHCPapi

。安裝XINETD, 並啓用TFTP服務瀏覽器

。安裝syslinux(yum安裝）：會自動在tftpboot目錄下放置pxelinux.0及seamenu.c32文件，還有一些其它文件bash

配置DHCP: 在地址分配子項中增長filename "pxelinux.0"

配置tftp: enable一下便可，無其它特殊配置，無需-c，整個過程不會向tftp寫文件

配置菜單：在tftpboot目錄下，建立一個文件夾：pxelinux.cfg。而後再創建default文件，即菜單文件

配置好以後，就能夠啓動一臺PXE客戶端進行測試了，正常狀況下，就能夠顯示菜單了。說明PXE配置成功了，接下來就能夠根據實際安裝需求，定製default文件、制定ks.cfg文件及佈署安裝包了。

利用PXE方式安裝ESXi 5.1

參考文檔：主要是vmware的官方文檔

準備：

下載ESXi 5.1的ISO安裝包，並在tftpboot下創建目錄esxi5.1
將iso文件解開後，將文件copy至esxi5.1下（不能只接將ISO mount到esxi5.1目錄，由於要修改文件）

配置：

pxelinux.cfg/default文件：（能夠將esxi5.1中的isolinux.cfg文件COPY過來進行修改，主要修改成正確的目錄路徑）

default menu.c32
menu title PXE BOOT VMWARE ESXI
timeout 100

label ESXi
menu label Boot VMware ESXi
  kernel esxi5.1/mboot.c32
  append -c esxi5.1/boot.cfg     //注意此處boot.cfg要修改
  menu label esxi5.1-xxxxxx

//整個文件相對簡單，只是增長了相對目錄esxi5.1

　　esxi5.1/boot.cfg文件：因爲原ISO是光盤模式的，故每一個文件都給出了絕對路徑/（根）

[root@localhost esxi5.1]# cat boot.cfg
bootstate=0
title=Loading ESXi installer
kernel=/tboot.b00
kernelopt=runweasel
modules=/b.b00 --- /useropts.gz --- /k.b00 --- /chardevs.b00 --- /a.b00 --- /user.b00 --- /s.v00 --- /ata_pata.v00 --- /ata_pata.v01 --- /ata_pata.v02 --- /ata_pata.v03 --- /ata_pata.v04 --- /ata_pata.v05 --- /ata_pata.v06 --- /ata_pata.v07 --- /block_cc.v00 --- /ehci_ehc.v00 --- /weaselin.t00 --- /esx_dvfi.v00 --- /xlibs.v00 --- /ima_qla4.v00 --- /ipmi_ipm.v00 --- /ipmi_ipm.v01 --- /ipmi_ipm.v02 --- /misc_cni.v00 --- /misc_dri.v00 --- /net_be2n.v00 --- /net_bnx2.v00 --- /net_bnx2.v01 --- /net_cnic.v00 --- /net_e100.v00 --- /net_e100.v01 --- /net_enic.v00 --- /net_forc.v00 --- /net_igb.v00 --- /net_ixgb.v00 --- /net_nx_n.v00 --- /net_r816.v00 --- /net_r816.v01 --- /net_s2io.v00 --- /net_sky2.v00 --- /net_tg3.v00 --- /net_vmxn.v00 --- /ohci_usb.v00 --- /sata_ahc.v00 --- /sata_ata.v00 --- /sata_sat.v00 --- /sata_sat.v01 --- /sata_sat.v02 --- /sata_sat.v03 --- /sata_sat.v04 --- /scsi_aac.v00 --- /scsi_adp.v00 --- /scsi_aic.v00 --- /scsi_bnx.v00 --- /scsi_fni.v00 --- /scsi_hps.v00 --- /scsi_ips.v00 --- /scsi_lpf.v00 --- /scsi_meg.v00 --- /scsi_meg.v01 --- /scsi_meg.v02 --- /scsi_mpt.v00 --- /scsi_mpt.v01 --- /scsi_mpt.v02 --- /scsi_qla.v00 --- /scsi_qla.v01 --- /scsi_rst.v00 --- /uhci_usb.v00 --- /tools.t00 --- /xorg.v00 --- /imgdb.tgz --- /imgpayld.tgz
build=
updated=0

但因爲咱們採用PXE方式，文件再也不位於根，而是位於tftp服務器的esxi5.1目錄下，所以，須要將全部/替換成esxi5.1/xxx。操做以下：

首先，將全部/都替換掉，VI命令：%s#/##g

而後在modules這行前面加入一行：prefix=esxi5.1/ (這條命令全局有效，不在意所在位置）

「kernel=......」一行爲 kernel=tboot.b00，此處不加esxi5.1/

啓動pxe client測試：

經過上面設置後，啓動PXE CLIENT，基本就能出現安裝界面了，只須要選擇鍵盤、安裝位置，基本沒什麼選項（問題：在何處加載第三方驅動）。

這種方法只是實現了PXE安裝，但沒有實現無人值守的自動安裝。

ESXi 5實現全自動安裝（無需人工鏈接鍵盤、顯示器）：這裏要用到ks.cfg文件（kickstart)

就增長兩個步驟：1）生成ks.cfg 2)在default文件中傳遞該ks.cfg文件給核心

任何一臺esxi安裝完成後，會自動生成一個etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg，可經過修改這個文件定製必要的參數，實驗中採用了以下ks.cfg

#
# Sample scripted installation file
#
# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
vmaccepteula
# Set the root password for the DCUI and Tech Support Mode
rootpw iampeter319
# The install media is in the CD-ROM drive
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
# Set the network to DHCP on the first network adapater
#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=vmnic0
network --bootproto=static --device=vmnic0 --ip=192.168.148.100 --netmask=255.255.252.0 --gateway=192.168.148.1
reboot
# A sample post-install script
%post --interpreter=python --ignorefailure=true
import time
stampFile = open('/finished.stamp', mode='w')
stampFile.write( time.asctime() )

具體參數及語法，可參考vmware官方文檔。這裏只改了network項及安裝完成後自動reboot。

準備好ks.cfg文件後，須要將其位置傳遞給核心，能夠經過protocol:// , cdrom://, file://, usb://等方式。在實驗中，採用file方式沒有成功，緣由不詳。最後採用http://<PXESERVER_IP>/ks.cfg的方式（即將ks.cfg拷貝至apache的/var/www/html目錄下）

按照官方文檔的說明，應該是修改boot.cfg文件，經過kernelopt=ks=http://xxxx/ks.cfg進行傳遞。但感受這樣不方便，未採用，而採用了修改default文件的方法，效果同樣。

修改原boot.cfg文件中的倒數第二行，更改成以下：

 append -c esxi5.1/boot.cfg ks=http://192.168.148.128/ks.cfg

還有一種特殊的作法：ESXi在啓動成功後，會在其虛擬文件系統中產生一個/etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg文件。若是咱們傳遞以下格式：

ks=file://etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg

則ESXi也會自動安裝，可是參數是不受控制的，由於是自動生成的。這種方式安裝完成後，密碼空，IP地址爲自動獲取。

【說明】在生成ks.cfg文件後，能夠不修改default文件進行傳遞，而是在ESXi開始安裝時，經過按Shift-O鍵，手工進行傳遞，以後就會自動進行了。

因爲ks的內容較多，如下是兩個例子，比較全面，全自動安裝而且自動設置包括：網絡、SSH、vSwitch等等

# Sample kickstart for ESXi 5.1
# William Lam
# www.virtuallyghetto.com
#########################################
 
accepteula
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
rootpw vmware123
reboot
#下面這句應該往前提，放在reboot以前，估計是做者手誤
%include /tmp/networkconfig 
%pre --interpreter=busybox
 
# extract network info from bootup
VMK_INT="vmk0"
VMK_LINE=$(localcli network ip interface ipv4 get | grep "${VMK_INT}")
IPADDR=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $2}')
NETMASK=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $3}')
GATEWAY=$(localcli network ip route ipv4 list | grep default | awk '{print $3}')
DNS="172.30.0.100,172.30.0.200"
HOSTNAME=$(nslookup "${IPADDR}" "${DNS}" | grep Address | grep "${IPADDR}" | awk '{print $4}')
 
echo "network --bootproto=static --addvmportgroup=false --device=vmnic0 --ip=${IPADDR} --netmask=${NETMASK} --gateway=${GATEWAY} --nameserver=${DNS} --hostname=${HOSTNAME}" > /tmp/networkconfig
 
%firstboot --interpreter=busybox
 
# enable VHV (Virtual Hardware Virtualization to run nested 64bit Guests + Hyper-V VM)
grep -i "vhv.enable" /etc/vmware/config || echo "vhv.enable = \"TRUE\"" >> /etc/vmware/config
 
# enable & start remote ESXi Shell  (SSH)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh
 
# enable & start ESXi Shell (TSM)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell
 
# supress ESXi Shell shell warning - Thanks to Duncan (http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2011/07/21/esxi-5-suppressing-the-localremote-shell-warning/)
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1
 
# ESXi Shell interactive idle time logout
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/ESXiShellInteractiveTimeOut -i 3600
 
# Change the default ESXi Admins group "ESX Admins" to a custom one "Ghetto ESXI Admins" for AD
vim-cmd hostsvc/advopt/update Config.HostAgent.plugins.hostsvc.esxAdminsGroup string "Ghetto ESXi Admins"
 
# Users that will have full access to DCUI even if they don't have admin permssions on ESXi host
vim-cmd hostsvc/advopt/update DCUI.Access string root,william,tuan
 
# Block VM guest BPDU packets, global configuration
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /Net/BlockGuestBPDU -i 1
 
# copy SSH authorized keys & overwrite existing
wget http://air.primp-industries.com/esxi5/id_dsa.pub -O /etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys
 
# disable SSH keys - uncomment the next section
# sed -i 's/AuthorizedKeysFile*/#AuthorizedKeysFile/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
# rename local datastore to something more meaningful
vim-cmd hostsvc/datastore/rename datastore1 "$(hostname -s)-local-storage-1"
 
# assign license
vim-cmd vimsvc/license --set AAAAA-BBBBB-CCCCC-DDDDD-EEEEE
 
## SATP CONFIGURATIONS ##
esxcli storage nmp satp set --satp VMW_SATP_SYMM --default-psp VMW_PSP_RR
esxcli storage nmp satp set --satp VMW_SATP_DEFAULT_AA --default-psp VMW_PSP_RR
 
###########################
## vSwitch configuration ##
###########################
 
#####################################################
# vSwitch0 : Active->vmnic0,vmnic1 Standby->vmnic2
#       failback: yes
#       faildectection: beacon
#       load balancing: portid
#       notify switches: yes
#       avg bw: 1000000 Kbps
#       peak bw: 1000000 Kbps
#       burst size: 819200 KBps
#       allow forged transmits: yes
#       allow mac change: no
#       allow promiscuous no
#       cdp status: both
 
# attach vmnic1,vmnic2 to vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic1 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic2 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
# configure portgroup
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VMNetwork1 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name VMNetwork1 --vlan-id 100
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VMNetwork2 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name VMNetwork2 --vlan-id 200
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VMNetwork3 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name VMNetwork3 --vlan-id 333
 
# configure cdp
esxcli network vswitch standard set --cdp-status both --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
### FAILOVER CONFIGURATIONS ###
 
# configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks vmnic0,vmnic1 --standby-uplinks vmnic2 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
# configure failure detection + load balancing (could have appended to previous line)
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --failback yes --failure-detection beacon --load-balancing portid --notify-switches yes --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
### SECURITY CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli network vswitch standard policy security set --allow-forged-transmits yes --allow-mac-change no --allow-promiscuous no --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
### SHAPING CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli network vswitch standard policy shaping set --enabled yes --avg-bandwidth 100000 --peak-bandwidth 100000 --burst-size 819200 --vswitch-name vSwitch0
 
#####################################################
# vSwitch1 : Active->vmnic3,vmnic4 Standby->vmnic5
#       failback: no
#       faildectection: link
#       load balancing: mac
#       notify switches: no
#       allow forged transmits: no
#       allow mac change: no
#       allow promiscuous no
#       cdp status: listen
#       mtu: 9000
 
# add vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard add --ports 256 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# attach vmnic3,4,5 to vSwitch0
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic3 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic4 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name vmnic5 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure mtu + cdp
esxcli network vswitch standard set --mtu 9000 --cdp-status listen --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure portgroup
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name NFS --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name FT_VMOTION --vswitch-name vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name VSPHERE_REPLICATION --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
### FAILOVER CONFIGURATIONS ###
 
# configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch1
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks vmnic3,vmnic4 --standby-uplinks vmnic5 --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure failure detection + load balancing (could have appended to previous line)
esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --failback no --failure-detection link --load-balancing mac --notify-switches no --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
### SECURITY CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli network vswitch standard policy security set --allow-forged-transmits no --allow-mac-change no --allow-promiscuous no --vswitch-name vSwitch1
 
# configure vmkernel interface for NFS traffic, FT_VMOTION and VSPHERE_REPLICATION traffic
VMK0_IPADDR=$(esxcli network ip interface ipv4 get | grep vmk0 | awk '{print $2}')
VMK1_IPADDR=$(echo ${VMK0_IPADDR} | awk '{print $1".51."$3"."$4}' FS=.)
VMK2_IPADDR=10.10.0.2
VMK3_IPADDR=10.20.0.2
esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name vmk1 --mtu 9000 --portgroup-name NFS
esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name vmk1 --ipv4 ${VMK1_IPADDR} --netmask 255.255.255.0 --type static
esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name vmk2 --mtu 9000 --portgroup-name FT_VMOTION
esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name vmk2 --ipv4 ${VMK2_IPADDR} --netmask 255.255.255.0 --type static
esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name vmk3 --mtu 9000 --portgroup-name VSPHERE_REPLICATION
esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name vmk3 --ipv4 ${VMK3_IPADDR} --netmask 255.255.255.0 --type static
 
# Configure VMkernel traffic type (Management, VMotion, faultToleranceLogging, vSphereReplication)
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk2 -t Management
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk2 -t VMotion
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk2 -t faultToleranceLogging
esxcli network ip interface tag add -i vmk3 -t vSphereReplication
 
# Configure VMkernel routes
esxcli network ip route ipv4 add -n 10.20.183/24 -g 172.30.0.1
esxcli network ip route ipv4 add -n 10.20.182/24 -g 172.30.0.1
 
# Disable IPv6 for VMkernel interfaces
esxcli system module parameters set -m tcpip3 -p ipv6=0
 
### MOUNT NFS DATASTORE ###
esxcli storage nfs add --host 172.51.0.200 --share /volumes/Primp/primp-6 --volume-name himalaya-NFS-primp-6
 
### ADV CONFIGURATIONS ###
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /Net/TcpipHeapSize --int-value 30
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /Net/TcpipHeapMax --int-value 120
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/HeartbeatMaxFailures --int-value 10
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/HeartbeatFrequency --int-value 20
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/HeartbeatTimeout --int-value 10
esxcli system settings advanced set --option /NFS/MaxVolumes --int-value 128
 
### SYSLOG CONFIGURATION ###
esxcli system syslog config set --default-rotate 20 --loghost vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,udp://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,ssl://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:1514,udp://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,udp://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:514,ssl://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:1514,ssl://vcenter50-3.primp-industries.com:1514
 
# change the individual syslog rotation count
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=hostd --rotate=20 --size=2048
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=vmkernel --rotate=20 --size=2048
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=fdm --rotate=20
esxcli system syslog config logger set --id=vpxa --rotate=20
 
### NTP CONFIGURATIONS ###
cat > /etc/ntp.conf << __NTP_CONFIG__
restrict default kod nomodify notrap noquery nopeer
restrict 127.0.0.1
server 0.vmware.pool.ntp.org
server 1.vmware.pool.ntp.org
__NTP_CONFIG__
/sbin/chkconfig ntpd on
 
### FIREWALL CONFIGURATION ###
 
# enable firewall
esxcli network firewall set --default-action false --enabled yes
 
# services to enable by default
FIREWALL_SERVICES="syslog sshClient ntpClient updateManager httpClient netdump"
for SERVICE in ${FIREWALL_SERVICES}
do
 esxcli network firewall ruleset set --ruleset-id ${SERVICE} --enabled yes
done
 
# backup ESXi configuration to persist changes
/sbin/auto-backup.sh
 
# enter maintenance mode
esxcli system maintenanceMode set -e true
 
# copy %first boot script logs to persisted datastore
cp /var/log/hostd.log "/vmfs/volumes/$(hostname -s)-local-storage-1/firstboot-hostd.log"
cp /var/log/esxi_install.log "/vmfs/volumes/$(hostname -s)-local-storage-1/firstboot-esxi_install.log"
 
# Needed for configuration changes that could not be performed in esxcli
esxcli system shutdown reboot -d 60 -r "rebooting after host configurations"

　　另一個ks.cfg例子，包含如何放棄ipv6, 如何配置ntp

# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
 vmaccepteula
 # Set the root password for the DCUI and ESXi Shell 
 rootpw --iscrypted yHYo5Lev6wbMg 
 # Set the keyboard
 keyboard German
 # Install on the first local disk available on machine
 install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
 # Set the network 
 network --bootproto=static  --device=vmnic0 --addvmportgroup=0 --hostname=ewie1vmesx01.aareal.org --ip=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx--netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx--nameserver="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
 # reboots the host after the scripted installation is completed
 reboot

%firstboot --interpreter=busybox

 #####SWITCH0 - VMANAGE ########

 # Add an extra nic to vSwitch0 and add Name 
 esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic1 --vswitch-name=vSwitch0
  
 # configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch0
 esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks=vmnic0,vmnic1 --vswitch-name=vSwitch0

 ####SWITCH1 - VMOTION ########

 # Add new vSwitch for VMotion, assign uplinks, create a portgroup for Switch1                  
 esxcli network vswitch standard add --vswitch-name=vSwitch1 --ports=256
 esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic2 --vswitch-name=vSwitch1
 esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic3 --vswitch-name=vSwitch1

 #Add vMotion Portgroup to vSwitch1
 esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=vMotion --vswitch-name=vSwitch1
  
 # Enable vMotion on the newly created VMkernel vmk1
 esxcli network ip interface add --interface-name=vmk1 --portgroup-name=vMotion
 esxcli network ip interface ipv4 set --interface-name=vmk1 --ipv4=172.27.196.10 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --type=static

 # Enable vMotion on the newly created VMkernel vmk1
 vim-cmd hostsvc/vmotion/vnic_set vmk1

 # configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch1
 esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks=vmnic2,vmnic3 --vswitch-name=vSwitch1

 ####SWITCH2 - Virtual Machines ######## 

 # Add new vSwitch for VirtualMachines , assign uplinks, create a portgroup                     
  esxcli network vswitch standard add --vswitch-name=vSwitch2 --ports=504
  esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic4 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add --uplink-name=vmnic5 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_193_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_193_0 --vlan-id=99
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_194_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_194_0 --vlan-id=101
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_195_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_195_0 --vlan-id=195
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_197_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_197_0 --vlan-id=197
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_198_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PUB_172_27_198_0 --vlan-id=198
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_231_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_231_0 --vlan-id=231
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_232_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_232_0 --vlan-id=232
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_233_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_233_0 --vlan-id=233
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_234_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_234_0 --vlan-id=234
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_235_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_235_0 --vlan-id=235
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup add --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_236_0 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2
  esxcli network vswitch standard portgroup set --portgroup-name=PRIV_172_27_236_0 --vlan-id=236
  
  
 # configure active and standby uplinks for vSwitch2
 esxcli network vswitch standard policy failover set --active-uplinks=vmnic4,vmnic5 --vswitch-name=vSwitch2

# Enable SSH and the ESXi Shell
 vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh
 vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh
 vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell
 vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell

  # Set the default PSP for Netapp to Round Robin as that is our preferred load balancing mechanism
 esxcli storage nmp satp set --default-psp VMW_PSP_RR --satp VMW_SATP_ALUA


 # Rename local datastore to something more meaningful 
 vim-cmd hostsvc/datastore/rename datastore1 "$(hostname -s)_datastore1"

 #Disable IPv6 and Reboot
 #esxcli system module parameters set -m=tcpip3 -p ipv6=0
 esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=false
 esxcli system shutdown reboot -d 60 -r "making IPv6 config changes"
  

 ### NTP CONFIGURATIONS ###
 cat >/etc/ntp.conf<<__NTP_CONFIG__
 restrict default kod nomodify notrap noquerynopeer
 restrict 127.0.0.1
 server 0.192.168.1.72
 server 1.192.168.1.73
 __NTP_CONFIG__
/sbin/chkconfig ntpd on

【關於ipv6】上面有兩種方法能夠disable掉IPV6。可是esxcli的重啓語句須要先進入維護模式才能執行。也能夠簡單的在%firstboot的最後加一行reboot，直接重啓。

如下這個ks.cfg文件是我在實驗中用到的，已經經過試驗，基本功能都有了。（本身增長了DNS項）

#
# Sample scripted installation file
#
# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement
vmaccepteula
rootpw iampeter
install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs
%include /tmp/networkconfig

reboot
 
%pre --interpreter=busybox
 
# extract network info from bootup
VMK_INT="vmk0"
VMK_LINE=$(localcli network ip interface ipv4 get | grep "${VMK_INT}")
IPADDR=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $2}')
NETMASK=$(echo "${VMK_LINE}" | awk '{print $3}')
GATEWAY=$(localcli network ip route ipv4 list | grep default | awk '{print $3}')

DNS=$(localcli network ip dns server list | grep DNS | awk -F ':' '{ print $2 }')
#DNS="172.30.0.100,172.30.0.200"
#HOSTNAME=$(nslookup "${IPADDR}" "${DNS}" | grep Address | grep "${IPADDR}" | awk '{print $4}')
 
echo "network --bootproto=static --addvmportgroup=false --device=vmnic0 --ip=${IPADDR} --netmask=${NETMASK} --gateway=${GATEWAY} --nameserver=${DNS} --hostname=esxi55" > /tmp/networkconfig
 
%firstboot --interpreter=busybox
 
# enable VHV (Virtual Hardware Virtualization to run nested 64bit Guests + Hyper-V VM)
grep -i "vhv.enable" /etc/vmware/config || echo "vhv.enable = \"TRUE\"" >> /etc/vmware/config
 
# enable & start remote ESXi Shell  (SSH)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh
 
# enable & start ESXi Shell (TSM)
vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell
vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell

#disable ipv6
#esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=false
#esxcli system module parameters set -m tcpip3 -p ipv6=0

esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=false
esxcli system shutdown reboot -d 60 -r "making IPv6 config changes"

### NTP CONFIGURATIONS ###
cat >/etc/ntp.conf<<__NTP_CONFIG__
restrict default kod nomodify notrap noquerynopeer
restrict 127.0.0.1
server 192.168.200.128
__NTP_CONFIG__
/sbin/chkconfig ntpd on

# supress ESXi Shell shell warning - Thanks to Duncan (http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2011/07/21/esxi-5-suppressing-the-localremote-shell-warning/)
esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1

reboot
# A sample post-install script
%post --interpreter=python --ignorefailure=true
import time
stampFile = open('/finished.stamp', mode='w')
stampFile.write( time.asctime() )

採用http方式：

前面介紹的方法，文件的抓取都是經過tftp方式。在網絡環境不佳的狀況下，tftp 採用的udp方式沒有http的tcp方式穩定。根據vmware官方文檔，可採用http方式代替tftp方式

一、pxelinux.0是tftp方式；gpxelinux.0是http方式，所以，更改dhcp.conf的filename "gpxelinux.0"

二、修改boot.cfg，將prefix=esxi5.1/；改成: http://x.x.x.x/esxi5.1/

三、相應的文件夾作好連接，並用瀏覽器作好測試，就能夠執行http的安裝了。

Windows平臺PXE的實現

windows平臺下要實現pxe，也須要dhcp,tftp,(option)http。tiny pxe server 1.0版能夠實現該功能。它不只內置了tftp,dhcp,http，並且內置了pxelinux.0及gpxelinux，軟件僅有不到5M。

須要注意：全部服務器的根是files目錄，其它的和linux下是同樣的。在進行esxi安裝時，配置文件須要linux格式，特別是ks文件。若是格式不是linux格式（unix,ansi)而是windows文本格式，就會出現許多莫名其妙的問題。

工做流程分析（根據抓包結果得出）：

1.DHCP: 分配IP地址，並分配pxelinux.0文件名告之PXE client
2. Client經過tftp拿到pxelinux.0,大約19個blocks
3. Client運行pxelinux.0, 準備拿配置文件
4. 連續tftp幾個文件（因爲只配置了default,確定找不到）,pxelinux.cfg目錄下

564d330d-5a45-e2de-eb15-88e321e7dfd2 【未知】
01-00-0c-29-e7-df-d2 【此文件名是01,加上PXE CLIENT主機的MAC地址，可採用這種方式進行個性化定製】
C0A89464 【此爲該主機的IP地址（192 168 148 100）的十六進制表示，下面類同，這樣能夠實現針對不一樣主機或一類主機的定製化配置】
C0A8946
C0A894
C0A89
C0A8
C0A
C0
C

以上文件沒有配置，最後取得default文件。Default文件以下：

default vesamenu.c32
timeout 100

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to Install System --BY Lvyun
 
label Auto_CentOS
menu label Auto Install CentOS6.2
menu default
kernel CentOS/vmlinuz
append initrd=CentOS/initrd.img ks=nfs:192.168.2.58:/mnt/ks/ks.cfg

label Custom_CentOS
menu label Custom Install CentOS6.2
kernel CentOS/vmlinuz

5. 成功後，client再讀取default文件，得知要用vesamenu.c32, 則繼續tftp，取vesamenu.c32，大約117blocks
6. Client取到相應的menu.c32，就在client上運行，client根據以前拿到的default顯示菜單

Troubleshooting:

1. pxe client DHCP成功，可是tftp.....報錯

pxe服務器的iptables沒有關掉（與宿主windows的防火牆無關）

2. DHCP成功，tftp也能拿到pxelinux.0，但就是拿不到default，提示權限問題。在tftp服務器上手工tftp get default文件，也說是權限問題不能拿到。

緣由：selinux關閉就行了。

etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg