項目中的日誌系統使用的是slf4j + logback。slf4j做爲一個簡單日誌門面,爲各類loging APIs(像java.util.logging, logback, log4j)提供一個簡單統一的接口,有利於維護和各個類的日誌處理方式統一。Logback做爲一個具體的日誌組件,完成具體的日誌操做。html
本博客旨在帶領你們理清楚slf4j的綁定(logback如何綁定到slf4j的),logback是什麼時候加載配置文件的。至於具體的配置則須要你們本身去查閱資料了。java
路漫漫其修遠兮,吾將上下而求索!git
github:https://github.com/youzhibinggithub
碼雲(gitee):https://gitee.com/youzhibingspring
使用很是簡單,引入依賴的jar便可,以下圖apache
pom.xmlapi
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.yzb</groupId> <artifactId>mylog</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>mylog</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.7</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.1.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.1.7</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
測試代碼app
public class LogTest { private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogTest.class); public static void main(String[] args) { LOGGER.info("......info"); LOGGER.debug("......debug"); LOGGER.warn("......warn"); LOGGER.error("......error"); LOGGER.trace("......trace"); } }
控制檯輸出結果框架
15:24:48.840 [main] INFO com.huawei.log.LogTest - ......info 15:24:48.842 [main] DEBUG com.huawei.log.LogTest - ......debug 15:24:48.842 [main] WARN com.huawei.log.LogTest - ......warn 15:24:48.842 [main] ERROR com.huawei.log.LogTest - ......error
使用真的簡單,也正是這種簡單讓我產生了一些疑問。jvm
問題1:你們對spring使用的比較多的話,就知道將某個實現類注給其接口的時候,都是須要明確指出的,不管是經過配置文件的方式仍是註解的方式。以下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd"> <!-- applicationContext.xml實際是不會存在 配置文件會報錯,由於缺乏spring的jar包,這裏只是模擬spring的依賴注入 更詳細代碼請看附件 --> <bean id="daoImpl" class="com.yzb.dao.impl.DaoImpl" /> <bean id="studentService" class="com.yzb.service.StudentService"> <!-- dao對應private IDao dao; 將實現daoImpl綁定到接口dao --> <property name="dao" ref="daoImpl"/> </bean> </beans>
可slf4j + logback沒有其餘任何的配置,工程就能跑起來,可以打印各類類型的日誌,這是怎麼實現的呢?
問題2:咱們加上logback的配置文件,僅僅在src/main/resources(至關於classpath)下加logback.xml,發現生成了日誌文件(若沒有設置日誌文件路徑,那麼日誌文件生成在當前工程下),而且控制檯輸出結果以下:
2017-05-13 15:57:27|INFO|......info 2017-05-13 15:57:27|WARN|......warn 2017-05-13 15:57:27|ERROR|......error
僅僅在src/main/resources下配置logback.xml,就能達到這種效果,logback.xml是何時加載的呢?
從LogTest.java開始
public class LogTest { private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogTest.class); public static void main(String[] args) { // 下面5個方法至關於接口調用實現 LOGGER.info("......info"); LOGGER.debug("......debug"); LOGGER.warn("......warn"); LOGGER.error("......error"); LOGGER.trace("......trace"); } }
代碼很是簡單,很明顯咱們只須要看private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogTest.class)的實現。
跟進getLogger方法 2步,來到
/** * Return a logger named according to the name parameter using the statically * bound {@link ILoggerFactory} instance. * * @param name The name of the logger. * @return logger */ public static Logger getLogger(String name) { // 獲取日誌工廠 ILoggerFactory iLoggerFactory = getILoggerFactory(); // 返回日誌實例 return iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name); }
咱們跟進getILoggerFactory方法
/** * Return the {@link ILoggerFactory} instance in use. * <p/> * <p/> * ILoggerFactory instance is bound with this class at compile time. // 編譯時綁定工廠實例 * * @return the ILoggerFactory instance in use */ public static ILoggerFactory getILoggerFactory() { if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = ONGOING_INITIALIZATION; // 執行初始化 performInitialization(); } switch (INITIALIZATION_STATE) { case SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION: // 若初始化成功,則返回日誌工廠 return StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactory(); case NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION: return NOP_FALLBACK_FACTORY; case FAILED_INITIALIZATION: throw new IllegalStateException(UNSUCCESSFUL_INIT_MSG); case ONGOING_INITIALIZATION: // support re-entrant behavior. // See also http://bugzilla.slf4j.org/show_bug.cgi?id=106 return TEMP_FACTORY; } throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable code"); }
很顯然,接着跟進performInitialization方法
private final static void performInitialization() { bind(); if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION) { versionSanityCheck(); } }
跟進bind方法
private final static void bind() { try { // 從classpath獲取可能的日誌綁定者,就是找出全部slf4j的實現,並將它們的資源路徑存放到staticLoggerBinderPathSet Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(); // 如有多個(多餘1個)綁定者,就是從classpath中找到了多個slf4j的實現,那麼就打印警告。這個方法就不跟進了,感興趣的本身跟進 reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); // the next line does the binding 真正的綁定,將具體的實現綁定到slf4j StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton(); // 修改初始化狀態爲初始化成功 INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION; // 報告真實的綁定信息 reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); fixSubstitutedLoggers(); } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) { // 如有多個綁定者,則會拋此異常,Java虛擬機在編譯時能找到合適的類,而在運行時不能找到合適的類致使的錯誤,jvm不知道用哪一個StaticLoggerBinder String msg = ncde.getMessage(); if (messageContainsOrgSlf4jImplStaticLoggerBinder(msg)) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION; Util.report("Failed to load class \"org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder\"."); Util.report("Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation"); Util.report("See " + NO_STATICLOGGERBINDER_URL + " for further details."); } else { failedBinding(ncde); throw ncde; } } catch (java.lang.NoSuchMethodError nsme) { String msg = nsme.getMessage(); if (msg != null && msg.indexOf("org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()") != -1) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = FAILED_INITIALIZATION; Util.report("slf4j-api 1.6.x (or later) is incompatible with this binding."); Util.report("Your binding is version 1.5.5 or earlier."); Util.report("Upgrade your binding to version 1.6.x."); } throw nsme; } catch (Exception e) { failedBinding(e); throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected initialization failure", e); } }
跟進findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet方法
// We need to use the name of the StaticLoggerBinder class, but we can't reference // the class itself. private static String STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH = "org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class"; // 從classpath找出全部slf4j的實現,並記錄下它們的資源路徑 private static Set<URL> findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet() { // use Set instead of list in order to deal with bug #138 // LinkedHashSet appropriate here because it preserves insertion order during iteration 用LinkedHashSet可以保證插入的順序 Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = new LinkedHashSet<URL>(); try { ClassLoader loggerFactoryClassLoader = LoggerFactory.class .getClassLoader(); Enumeration<URL> paths; if (loggerFactoryClassLoader == null) { paths = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH); } else { paths = loggerFactoryClassLoader .getResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH); } while (paths.hasMoreElements()) { // path的值 jar:file:/D:/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.7/logback-classic-1.1.7.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class URL path = (URL) paths.nextElement(); staticLoggerBinderPathSet.add(path); } } catch (IOException ioe) { Util.report("Error getting resources from path", ioe); } return staticLoggerBinderPathSet; }
至此,問題1的答案就很明顯了,slf4j會在classpath中找全部org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class的資源路徑,通常而言只有一個,在本博客中就在logback的jar中,如圖
那麼logback與slf4j就關聯起來了,接下來看logback對配置文件的加載。咱們回到bind方法,跟進StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton(),方法很簡單
public static StaticLoggerBinder getSingleton() { return SINGLETON; }
很顯然,執行此方法以前,對配置文件的加載已經執行完了,也就是說在編譯器已經完成對配置文件的加載了。那麼咱們須要換目標跟進了,StaticLoggerBinder中只有一段靜態塊
static { SINGLETON.init(); }
那麼咱們跟進init方法
/** * Package access for testing purposes. */ void init() { try { try { // 上下文初始化器 new ContextInitializer(defaultLoggerContext).autoConfig(); } catch (JoranException je) { Util.report("Failed to auto configure default logger context", je); } // logback-292 if (!StatusUtil.contextHasStatusListener(defaultLoggerContext)) { StatusPrinter.printInCaseOfErrorsOrWarnings(defaultLoggerContext); } contextSelectorBinder.init(defaultLoggerContext, KEY); initialized = true; } catch (Throwable t) { // we should never get here Util.report("Failed to instantiate [" + LoggerContext.class.getName() + "]", t); } }
接着跟進上下文初始化器的autoConfig方法
public void autoConfig() throws JoranException { StatusListenerConfigHelper.installIfAsked(loggerContext); // 尋找默認配置文件 URL url = findURLOfDefaultConfigurationFile(true); if (url != null) { configureByResource(url); } else { Configurator c = EnvUtil.loadFromServiceLoader(Configurator.class); if (c != null) { try { c.setContext(loggerContext); c.configure(loggerContext); } catch (Exception e) { throw new LogbackException(String.format("Failed to initialize Configurator: %s using ServiceLoader", c != null ? c.getClass() .getCanonicalName() : "null"), e); } } else { // 沒有找到配置文件,則使用默認的配置器,那麼日誌只會打印在控制檯 BasicConfigurator basicConfigurator = new BasicConfigurator(); basicConfigurator.setContext(loggerContext); basicConfigurator.configure(loggerContext); } } }
跟進findURLOfDefaultConfigurationFile方法
public URL findURLOfDefaultConfigurationFile(boolean updateStatus) { // 獲取當前實例的類加載器,目的是在classpath下尋找配置文件 ClassLoader myClassLoader = Loader.getClassLoaderOfObject(this); // 先找logback.configurationFile文件 URL url = findConfigFileURLFromSystemProperties(myClassLoader, updateStatus); if (url != null) { return url; } // logback.configurationFile文件沒找到,再找logback.groovy url = getResource(GROOVY_AUTOCONFIG_FILE, myClassLoader, updateStatus); if (url != null) { return url; } // logback.groovy沒找到,再找logback-test.xml url = getResource(TEST_AUTOCONFIG_FILE, myClassLoader, updateStatus); if (url != null) { return url; } // logback-test.xml沒找到,最後找logback.xml return getResource(AUTOCONFIG_FILE, myClassLoader, updateStatus); }
自此,問題2的答案也清楚了,編譯期間logback就完成了對配置文件的加載。
編譯期間,完成slf4j的綁定已經logback配置文件的加載。slf4j會在classpath中尋找org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class(會在具體的日誌框架如log4j、logback等中存在),找到並完成綁定;同時,logback也會在classpath中尋找配置文件,先找logback.configurationFile、沒有則找logback.groovy,若logback.groovy也沒有,則找logback-test.xml,若logback-test.xml仍是沒有,則找logback.xml,若連logback.xml也沒有,那麼說明沒有配置logback的配置文件,那麼logback則會啓用默認的配置(日誌信息只會打印在控制檯)。
slf4j只能綁定某一個特定的日誌框架,若沒有綁定,則會有以下警告,說明沒有找到合適的日誌框架
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder". SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
若找到多個日誌框架,slf4j會發出警告,並在運行時拋出NoClassDefFoundError異常
最後來一張圖