MySQL 服務經常使用操做命令

時間 2019-11-06

標籤 mysql 服務經常使用命令欄目 MySQL 简体版

原文原文鏈接

一、MySQL 服務設置

在使用 mysql.server 命令以前須要將路徑 /usr/local/mysql/support-files 添加到系統環境變量中。html
```
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/support-files
```
在使用 mysql 命令以前須要將路徑 /usr/local/mysql/bin 添加到系統環境變量中。mysql
```
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
```
具體設置請參照《添加系統環境變量》章節。sql

二、MySQL 服務經常使用操做

2.1 MySQL 服務控制命令

MySQL 服務控制命令數據庫

# 啓動 MySQL 服務
$ sudo mysql.server start

    Starting MySQL
    .. SUCCESS!

# 中止 MySQL 服務
$ sudo mysql.server stop

    Shutting down MySQL
    .. SUCCESS!

# 重啓 MySQL 服務
$ sudo mysql.server restart

    Shutting down MySQL
    .. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL
    .. SUCCESS!

# 從新加載
$ sudo mysql.server reload

    SUCCESS! Reloading service MySQL

# 強制從新加載
$ sudo mysql.server force-reload

    SUCCESS! Reloading service MySQL

# 查看 MySQL 服務狀態
$ mysql.server status

    ERROR! Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found (61998 62083 )

2.2 MySQL 服務鏈接命令

MySQL 服務鏈接命令網絡

# 登陸 MySQL 服務
# mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
$ mysql -u root -p

    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 930
    Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL

    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.

    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

    mysql>

# 登出 MySQL 服務
> exit

    Bye

三、MySQL 服務幫助操做

3.1 按照層次看幫助

若是不知道幫助可以提供什麼，那麼就能夠直接用「? contents」命令來顯示全部可供查詢的分類，對於分類可使用「? 分類名稱」的方式針對用戶感興趣的內容作進一步的查看，經過這種「? 類型別名」的方式，就能夠一層層的往下查找用戶所關心的主題內容。ide

> ? contents
You asked for help about help category: "Contents"
For more information, type 'help <item>', where <item> is one of the following
categories:
   Account Management
   Administration
   Components
   Compound Statements
   Data Definition
   Data Manipulation
   Data Types
   Functions
   Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY
   Geographic Features
   Help Metadata
   Language Structure
   Plugins
   Storage Engines
   Table Maintenance
   Transactions
   User-Defined Functions
   Utility

3.2 快速查閱幫助

在實際應用中，若是須要快速查閱某項語法時，可使用「? 關鍵字」方式進行快速查詢。工具

> ? insert
Name: 'INSERT'
Description:
Syntax:
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name
    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
    {VALUES | VALUE} (value_list) [, (value_list)] ...
    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name
    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
    SET assignment_list
    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name
    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
    SELECT ...
    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]

value:
    {expr | DEFAULT}

value_list:
    value [, value] ...

assignment:
    col_name = value

assignment_list:
    assignment [, assignment] ...

INSERT inserts new rows into an existing table. The INSERT ... VALUES
and INSERT ... SET forms of the statement insert rows based on
explicitly specified values. The INSERT ... SELECT form inserts rows
selected from another table or tables. INSERT with an ON DUPLICATE KEY
UPDATE clause enables existing rows to be updated if a row to be
inserted would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY
KEY.

For additional information about INSERT ... SELECT and INSERT ... ON
DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, see [HELP INSERT SELECT], and
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/insert-on-duplicate.html.

In MySQL 8.0, the DELAYED keyword is accepted but ignored by the
server. For the reasons for this, see [HELP INSERT DELAYED],

Inserting into a table requires the INSERT privilege for the table. If
the ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause is used and a duplicate key causes
an UPDATE to be performed instead, the statement requires the UPDATE
privilege for the columns to be updated. For columns that are read but
not modified you need only the SELECT privilege (such as for a column
referenced only on the right hand side of an col_name=expr assignment
in an ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause).

When inserting into a partitioned table, you can control which
partitions and subpartitions accept new rows. The PARTITION option
takes a list of the comma-separated names of one or more partitions or
subpartitions (or both) of the table. If any of the rows to be inserted
by a given INSERT statement do not match one of the partitions listed,
the INSERT statement fails with the error Found a row not matching the
given partition set. For more information and examples, see
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/partitioning-selection.html.

URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/insert.html