Docker 命令

時間 2019-12-10

標籤 docker 命令欄目 Docker 简体版

原文原文鏈接

attach -- 登陸到容器直接操做
build -- 構建鏡像
commit -- 將容器打包成另外一個鏡像
cp -- 在容器與本地系統間複製文件
create -- 建立一個新的容器,不啓動
diff -- 查看容器中新增或修改的目錄及文件
events -- 查看 docker 服務端各類事件信息(包括容器的啓動, 中止, 刪除, 更改等) -- 能夠在調試的時候使用
exec -- 用於在容器中執行命令
export -- 將容器的文件系統導出爲一個 tar 包文件
import -- 將導出的文件系統建立成爲一個鏡像
history -- 查看鏡像操做的歷史紀錄
images -- 查看當前系統中的鏡像
info -- 顯示 docker 節點的信息
inspect -- 查看 docker 鏡像或容器的詳細信息
kill -- 中止一個或多個運行中的容器
save -- 將一個或多個鏡像導出爲一個 tar 包文件
load -- 從一個 tar 包文件或標準輸入導入一個鏡像
login -- 用於登陸到 docker 的鏡像倉庫
logout -- 退出已登陸的 docker 鏡像倉庫
logs -- 用於顯示指定容器的日誌
pause unpause -- 暫停一個或多個容器, 取消暫停
port -- 列出一個容器的端口映射
ps -- 查看當前運行的容器
pull push -- 鏡像的拉去與推送
rename -- 對容器重命名
restart -- 重啓一個或多個容器
rm -- 刪除一個或多個容器
rmi -- 刪除一個或多個鏡像
run -- 建立及啓動容器
search -- 經過命令行的方式從官方 hub 中查找鏡像
stop / start -- 中止或啓動一個或多個容器
stats -- 實時輸出容器的資源使用狀況
tag -- 從一個指定的鏡像建立另外一個鏡像
top -- 顯示指定容器的進程信息
update -- 更新一個或多個容器的配置
version -- 版本信息
wait -- 捕捉容器的退出狀態
管理命令 service -- 建立聲明式的,可擴展的,有負載均衡的應用, 是面向用戶的應用, 在 swarm 上運行
管理命令 config -- 用於建立docker 配置文件
管理命令 container -- 針對容器的基礎命令
管理命令 image -- 針對鏡像的基礎命令
管理命令 node -- 管理 swarm 的節點
管理命令 plugin -- 管理docker的插件(安裝卸載啓用禁用)
管理命令 secret -- 管理secrets(敏感數據存儲)

attachnode

　　將本地終端的輸入, 輸出以及錯誤流鏈接到容器上, (就是登陸到容器中去操做)linux

// 使用 centos:7 鏡像, 運行容器
docker run --name C7 -itd centos:7 /bin/sh
29a79dff571b58ce84a90e8ea28935a6a3c35ab707c7e48eae14b49d8ce19347

// 查看運行容器
docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
29a79dff571b        centos:7            "/bin/sh"           2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            C7

// 使用 attach 登陸 C7 操做; 退出操做的話,容器會終止
docker attach C7
sh-4.2# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin    dev  etc  home    lib  lib64  media  mnt    opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr    var
sh-4.2# ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 pts/0    00:00:00 sh
    7 pts/0    00:00:00 ps

buildgit

// docker build --help 查看幫助

// 首先建立目錄, 使用 Dockerfile 建立一個鏡像
mkdir /image_f
cd /image_f
vim Dockerfile          // Dockerfile簡單使用
FROM centos:7

LABEL maintainer="Tian tzhr1225@163.com"

RUN mkdir -pv /data/tian && \
    echo "This is a test" > /data/tian/test

// 使用 docker build 經過 Dockerfile 文件構建新的鏡像
docker build -t test:1 ./ 
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM centos:7
 ---> 9f38484d220f
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="Tian tzhr1225@163.com"
 ---> Running in 0f0f45d5003c
Removing intermediate container 0f0f45d5003c
 ---> 242e247091b1
Step 3/3 : RUN mkdir -pv /data/tian &&     echo "This is a test" > /data/tian/test
 ---> Running in 9643e013f948
mkdir: created directory '/data'
mkdir: created directory '/data/tian'
Removing intermediate container 9643e013f948
 ---> af654e159686
Successfully built af654e159686
Successfully tagged test:1

// 查看構建的鏡像
docker image ls
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                      1                   af654e159686        31 seconds ago      202MB

// 運行鏡像, 查看建立的目錄等
docker run --name test --rm -it test:1
[root@ed21b42319e7 ~]# cat /data/tian/test 
This is a test

commit -- 將一個容器打包成另外一個鏡像
github

適用與在一個鏡像容器中操做(安裝或卸載服務等), 將操做後的容器再構建成一個鏡像, 以便有需求直接使用redis

// 運行 test 容器中, 默認沒有 vim; 使用 yum 安裝 vim
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name test -it test:1
[root@3c43c355e9d7 /]# yum -y install vim

// 複製上面的 ID; 退出 test 容器, 使用 docker commit 建立新的鏡像
[root@3c43c355e9d7 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit 3c43c355e9d7 test:2.0

// 運行 test:2.0 , 直接使用存在 vim 命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name test2 --rm -it test:2.0
[root@42303df50598 /]# vim
... ...                                                                                                        
~                                     VIM - Vi IMproved
... ...

cpdocker

// 查看到沒有運行的容器 test, 啓動test
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3c43c355e9d7        test:1              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                       test
[root@localhost ~]# docker start test
test

// 將 容器中的 /data/tian 中的 test 文件 複製到本地
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp test:/data/tian/test ./
[root@localhost ~]# cat test
This is a test

// 將本地 Dockerfile 文件上傳到容器中
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp /image_f/Dockerfile test:/data/tian/
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec test cat /data/tian/Dockerfile
FROM centos:7

LABEL maintainer="Tian tzhr1225@163.com"

RUN mkdir -pv /data/tian && \
    echo "This is a test" > /data/tian/test

createjson

// 建立一個容器, 可是不啓動它, 用法 docker create --help 查看, 參數用法同 docker run 差很少

// 建立 centos:6 
[root@localhost ~]# docker create centos:6

// 查看容器建立, centos 6 有, 可是沒有運行;
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
6243c7c92ac1        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Created                                 gracious_lehmann

diffvim

// 使用 centos:6 鏡像啓動 c6 容器, 並使用 yum 安裝 vim;
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name c6 --rm -it centos:6
[root@d849adb301f4 /]# yum -y install vim

// 另起一個終端 使用 docker diff 查看 c6 容器; C 表示建立, A 表示追加,修改;
[root@localhost ~]# docker diff c6
... ...
A /var/lib/yum/yumdb/v/a8ff3e5026c514ae782a731398908b8322561b1c-vim-enhanced-7.4.629-5.el6_8.1-x86_64/from_repo_timestamp
C /var/lib/rpm
... ...

eventscentos

// 直接使用 docker events 就能夠動態查看記錄容器的操做
[root@localhost ~]# docker events

// 另起一個終端, exit 中止一個容器, 並刪除上面 建立 的容器,
[root@d849adb301f4 /]# exit
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
6243c7c92ac1        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         29 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 minutes ago                       gracious_lehmann
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm 624
624

// 查看 docker events
[root@localhost ~]# docker events 
2019-06-18T04:46:37.623915823-04:00 container die d849adb301f45670a08ab9f90e20e36df4a9d8159bef3fd02af977d8dcc560c3 (exitCode=0, image=centos:6, name=c6, org.label-schema.build-date=20181006, org.label-schema.license=GPLv2, org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image, org.label-schema.schema-version=1.0, org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS)
2019-06-18T04:46:37.712754544-04:00 network disconnect dd54f129406eb1e595af66fc0abe6a6b1cba8d0c69bff35a4a1eba549e3fb820 (container=d849adb301f45670a08ab9f90e20e36df4a9d8159bef3fd02af977d8dcc560c3, name=bridge, type=bridge)
2019-06-18T04:47:09.282202462-04:00 container destroy 6243c7c92ac17aaa0dd026be829323dfb8521e8349d1e727184f4e91b5259cd8 (image=centos:6, name=gracious_lehmann, org.label-schema.build-date=20181006, org.label-schema.license=GPLv2, org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image, org.label-schema.schema-version=1.0, org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS)

execbash

// 使用 centos:7 鏡像起一個容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name C7 --rm -itd centos:7
a3e536afc59255910c818ffdc4d81b6afa9cdde1b1a49803a3997e694b685d13

// 使用 exec 執行命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec C7 hostname
a3e536afc592

// 使用 exec 交互式執行 bash; 與 attach 的區別是這個執行完退出後容器不終止;
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it C7 /bin/bash
[root@a3e536afc592 /]# hostname
a3e536afc592
[root@a3e536afc592 /]# w
 08:58:58 up 51 days, 8 min,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT

// 使用exit 退出容器, 再查看容器還在運行
[root@a3e536afc592 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a3e536afc592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            C7

export

// 兩種方式導出爲 tar 文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker export C7 -o centos7_1.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker export C7 > centos7_2.tar

// 兩種方式權限不一樣, -o 600 ; > 644;
[root@localhost ~]# ll centos7_*
-rw------- 1 root root 209489920 Jun 18 05:05 centos7_1.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 209489920 Jun 18 05:05 centos7_2.tar

import

// 經常使用於開發/測試對容器中進行修改後, 使用 export 生成 tar 包, 再恢復的使用使用 import
[root@localhost ~]# docker import centos7_1.tar centos:7-t
sha256:626dda4747388dc14eac5920afd23b3d2109a3c81a718e68ee96509bd1fe3e34

// 查看 鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
centos                    7-t                 626dda474738        About a minute ago   202MB
... ...

// 運行一個容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name C_7-n -it --rm centos:7-t /bin/bash

history

// 查看 centos:6 的歷史記錄, 等同於 docker image history
[root@localhost ~]# docker history centos:6
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
d0957ffdf8a2        3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B                  
<missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B                  
<missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:0065316a41144e95b…   194MB               
<missing>           8 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER https://github…   0B

images

// 查看系統中的鏡像, 至關於 docker image ls
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox                   latest              64f5d945efcc        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.1.0               4c1ef9008f84        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
192.168.9.30:5000/httpd   v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos                    6                   d0957ffdf8a2        3 months ago        194MB
centos                    7                   9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world               latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB

info

// 查看 docker 系統中的全部容器信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 1
 Running: 1
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 7
Server Version: 18.09.6
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.796GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: BJU6:VTUC:HA23:LARR:VULF:H2LR:4UNY:KGRP:2OL3:G5GS:77KA:ZGCZ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 192.168.9.30:5000
 127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
 https://registry.docker-cn.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

inspect

// 查看鏡像的信息  *** 調試中使用的會比較多 ***
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect hello-world:latest
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e",
        "RepoTags": [
            "hello-world:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "hello-world@sha256:41a65640635299bab090f783209c1e3a3f11934cf7756b09cb2f1e02147c6ed8"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2019-01-01T01:29:27.650294696Z",
        "Container": "8e2caa5a514bb6d8b4f2a2553e9067498d261a0fd83a96aeaaf303943dff6ff9",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "8e2caa5a514b",
            "Domainname": "",
... ...

// 查看容器的詳細信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect C7
[
    {
        "Id": "a3e536afc59255910c818ffdc4d81b6afa9cdde1b1a49803a3997e694b685d13",
        "Created": "2019-06-18T08:56:49.557911196Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 20501,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2019-06-18T08:56:50.052990757Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
... ...

// 查看指定對應的值
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect hello-world:latest -f '{{.ContainerConfig.Hostname}}'
8e2caa5a514b

kill

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a3e536afc592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         21 hours ago        Up 21 hours                             C7
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill C7
C7
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

save

// 兩種方式, 生成的 tar 包 權限不一樣
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos                    7-t                 626dda474738        3 hours ago         202MB
busybox                   latest              64f5d945efcc        5 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.1.0               4c1ef9008f84        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
192.168.9.30:5000/httpd   v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos                    6                   d0957ffdf8a2        3 months ago        194MB
centos                    7                   9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world               latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker save busybox:latest -o busybox.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker save hello-world:latest > hello.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll busybox.tar hello.tar 
-rw------- 1 root root 1424896 Jun 19 02:47 busybox.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   12800 Jun 19 02:48 hello.tar

load

// 須要使用 -i 的參數指定 tar 文件, 不然將從標準輸入中尋找
[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i busybox.tar 
Loaded image: busybox:latest

login

// -u 用戶名 -p 密碼, 後面不跟網址默認是 docker hub 的鏡像倉庫; 要是別的須要跟上指定的網址
[root@localhost ~]# docker login -u tzhr -p xxxx 
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

logout

// 若登陸的是 docker hub 鏡像倉庫, 直接使用 docker logout 
[root@localhost ~]# docker logout 
Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/

// 如果登陸的是 私有的 鏡像倉庫, 在後面跟上網址

logs

// 查看容器的操做日誌
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs C7

// 能夠指定只顯示最後十行
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs --tail 10 C7

// 動態實時輸出
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f C7

pause unpause

// 暫停 C7 容器  應用場景: 有的容器啓動快了.. 須要暫停, 等候一下其餘的環境/容器的啓動加載;
[root@localhost ~]# docker pause C7
C7
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS               NAMES
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes (Paused)                       C7

// 取消暫停
[root@localhost ~]# docker unpause C7
C7
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes

port

// 運行 C6 容器, 映射 80 端口;
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name C6 --rm -itd -p 80 centos:6
4ba4536302a7664eefecdce7660bb9aa2affad79fae7fc01782d5e8394a08ce8
[root@localhost ~]# docker port C6
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32769

// 默認查看運行的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         21 minutes ago      Up 21 minutes                           C7

// 使用 ls -a 查看全部的 容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
d7e6fc22cfa4        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         5 seconds ago       Exited (0) 3 seconds ago                       C6
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         21 minutes ago      Up 21 minutes                                  C7

// 使用 docker ps -l 查看最近的一個容器, 不管運行與不運行
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
d7e6fc22cfa4        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                       C6

pull push

// 下拉鏡像, 後面直接指定鏡像的名稱 ; 最後使用 -a 參數表示拉取全部的 tag;
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:41a65640635299bab090f783209c1e3a3f11934cf7756b09cb2f1e02147c6ed8
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

// push 推送的話, 須要先登陸, 而後push 
docker push 地址/鏡像:tag

rename

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Up 4 days                               C7
// 將 C7 改名爲 Centos_7
[root@localhost ~]# docker rename C7 Centos_7 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Up 4 days                               Centos_7

restart

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
717aac1e0b79        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            Centos_6
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Up 4 days                               Centos_7

// 重啓 Centos_6 和 Centos_7 容器; 可使用 -t 參數指定多長時間, 默認 10 秒;
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart Centos_6 Centos_7
Centos_6
Centos_7

// 查看全部的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS               NAMES
717aac1e0b79        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                               Centos_6
d7e6fc22cfa4        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                       C6
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Up 6 minutes                                Centos_7

// 刪除沒有運行的容器, 可使用容器名, 也可使用 ID , 這裏使用 ID 的前兩位(簡寫,匹配)
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm d7
d7

// 刪除運行的容器報錯
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 71
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 717aac1e0b7967120db07aa15d91a8be4c8efe127eb5206e4b667c9278a82f42. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

// 使用 -f 參數刪除運行的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 71
71
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3f442c7c1e7e        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 days ago          Up 7 minutes                            Centos_7

rmi

// 查看鏡像, 容器使用的鏡像是刪不掉的
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos                    7-t                 626dda474738        4 days ago          202MB
busybox                   latest              64f5d945efcc        6 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.1.0               4c1ef9008f84        7 weeks ago         1.2MB
192.168.9.30:5000/httpd   v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        8 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        8 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos                    6                   d0957ffdf8a2        3 months ago        194MB
centos                    7                   9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world               latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB

// 能夠跟 鏡像:標籤 也能夠跟 ID; 使用 -f 能夠強制刪除一個鏡像;
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi centos:7-t 4c
Untagged: centos:7-t
Deleted: sha256:626dda4747388dc14eac5920afd23b3d2109a3c81a718e68ee96509bd1fe3e34
Deleted: sha256:0b685c6e322d224524d9c7baf4dcb12991020faee6530cf6b1898ddb70c70b80
Untagged: tian/httpd:v.1.0
Deleted: sha256:4c1ef9008f84aae233d73222d38e71c3156dfce8a4515cb9e2c951d9706bcabc
Deleted: sha256:b4f291dd94aa6ef25df0272b1c7bb5da99e675e4ef19fa94fe719d46491ed6e3

run

　　參數有不少, 能夠指定主機名內存 CPU 等; 使用 docker run --help 查看使用幫助;;

// --name 定義容器名, --rm 表示中止容器就刪除, -it 交互式, -d 後臺運行;
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name C6 --rm -itd centos:6 
dde7d991f1990409e9247ef797267289d06190f138ee83e96a0298afb2d3281f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
dde7d991f199        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                            C6
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name centos_6 --rm -it centos:6 /bin/bash
[root@8f2d2fab3d16 /]#

search

// 查找 redis 鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search redis
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis                            Redis is an open source key-value store that…   7034                [OK]                
bitnami/redis                    Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      114                                     [OK]
sameersbn/redis                                                                  75
... ...

// 過濾出 stars 大於 100 的 ; 過濾使用 -f;
[root@localhost ~]# docker search redis -f stars=100
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis               Redis is an open source key-value store that…   7034                [OK]                
bitnami/redis       Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      114                                     [OK]

// 過濾出官方的
[root@localhost ~]# docker search redis -f is-official=true
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis               Redis is an open source key-value store that…   7034                [OK]

// 多個因素過濾 --filter
[root@localhost ~]# docker search redis --filter is-official=true --filter stars=100
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis               Redis is an open source key-value store that…   7034                [OK]

stop / start

// 運行一個容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name C6 -itd centos:6
ce5db9dc2f4407f40042fcb71ef1fab6ecc5de8b2f603918a4c7ae098dfd3a7c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
ce5db9dc2f44        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                                        C6
d518ba8150ef        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Exited (0) About a minute ago                       friendly_davinci

// 中止容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop C6
C6

// 查看狀態
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
ce5db9dc2f44        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         36 seconds ago      Exited (137) 13 seconds ago                         C6
d518ba8150ef        centos:7            "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (0) About a minute ago                       friendly_davinci

// 啓動容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start C6
C6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ce5db9dc2f44        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         47 seconds ago      Up 3 seconds                            C6

stats

// 輸出 容器 的資源使用狀況,  --no-stream 只輸出一次,  -a 參數 輸出全部容器的狀態;;
[root@localhost ~]# docker stats C6

CONTAINER ID        NAME                CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %               NET I/O             BLOCK I/O           PIDS
ce5db9dc2f44        C6                  0.00%               348KiB / 1.796GiB   0.02%               648B / 0B           0B / 0B             1

CONTAINER ID        NAME                CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %               NET I/O             BLOCK I/O           PIDS
ce5db9dc2f44        C6                  0.00%               348KiB / 1.796GiB   0.02%               648B / 0B           0B / 0B             1

... ...

tag

// 經過一個指定的鏡像生成另外一個鏡像, 不指定標籤默認 latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox                   latest              64f5d945efcc        6 weeks ago         1.2MB
192.168.9.30:5000/httpd   v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        8 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        8 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos                    6                   d0957ffdf8a2        3 months ago        194MB
centos                    7                   9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world               latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag busybox busybox:new

// 生成新的鏡像與原鏡像的 ID 號相同;
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox                   latest              64f5d945efcc        6 weeks ago         1.2MB
busybox                   new                 64f5d945efcc        6 weeks ago         1.2MB
192.168.9.30:5000/httpd   v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        8 weeks ago         1.2MB
tian/httpd                v.2.0               4f14d7a10dc3        8 weeks ago         1.2MB
centos                    6                   d0957ffdf8a2        3 months ago        194MB
centos                    7                   9f38484d220f        3 months ago        202MB
hello-world               latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB

top

[root@localhost ~]# docker top C6
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                26247               26230               0                   21:52               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

update

// 啓動的使用對容器進行了一些資源的限制, 運行過程當中發現資源不夠用, 可使用指定的參數更新容器的資源
[root@localhost ~]# docker update --help

Usage:    docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

Update configuration of one or more containers

Options:
      --blkio-weight uint16        Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or
                                   0 to disable (default 0)
      --cpu-period int             Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int          Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int         Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int             CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal               Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string         CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string         MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --kernel-memory bytes        Kernel memory limit
  -m, --memory bytes               Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes   Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes          Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable
                                   unlimited swap
      --restart string             Restart policy to apply when a container exits

version

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.6
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        481bc77156
 Built:             Sat May  4 02:34:58 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.6
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       481bc77
  Built:            Sat May  4 02:02:43 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

wait

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name C7 -it -d centos:7
72035c965f748c800b432120bb9a87bdb03efe19160a6ccae469bc3cc97e2777
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop C7
C7
[root@localhost ~]# docker wait C7
137

service

// docker service 的用法
[root@localhost ~]# docker service --help

Usage:    docker service COMMAND

Manage services

Commands:
  create      Create a new service
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more services
  logs        Fetch the logs of a service or task
  ls          List services
  ps          List the tasks of one or more services
  rm          Remove one or more services
  rollback    Revert changes to a service's configuration
  scale       Scale one or multiple replicated services      // 擴展節點數量
  update      Update a service

// 先查看沒有就service
[root@localhost ~]# docker service ls
ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE               PORTS
// 建立一個service
[root@localhost ~]# docker service create --name redis redis:alpine
o6paknwk9wcyqd6uvxaimd448
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks 
1/1: running   
verify: Service converged 
[root@localhost ~]# docker service ls
ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE               PORTS
o6paknwk9wcy        redis               replicated          1/1                 redis:alpine

// 擴展 redis , 將replicas 節點擴展爲 3 個;
[root@localhost ~]# docker service scale redis=3
redis scaled to 3
overall progress: 3 out of 3 tasks 
1/3: running   
2/3: running   
3/3: running   
verify: Service converged

// 查看
[root@localhost ~]# docker service ls
ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE               PORTS
o6paknwk9wcy        redis               replicated          3/3                 redis:alpine        
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
e0070f5403b3        redis:alpine        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   58 seconds ago      Up 57 seconds       6379/tcp            redis.3.5p2550af9hvoft2qxs4qoe3g7
a62dfe79ee9a        redis:alpine        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   58 seconds ago      Up 57 seconds       6379/tcp            redis.2.lil9796511b7dsl8luupgc7uj
dea48d1e4a5b        redis:alpine        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        6379/tcp            redis.1.obwahecglli7g6i1wn4hjhh14
ce5db9dc2f44        centos:6            "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                              C6

config

// 建立文件, 用於容器中的一些配置文件, 公共的配置文件的使用;
[root@localhost ~]# echo "This is configure test"|docker config create my-config -
1n32fabs69c73jixr6nsqg4wm

// 查看建立的文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker config ls
ID                          NAME                CREATED             UPDATED
1n32fabs69c73jixr6nsqg4wm   my-config           8 seconds ago       8 seconds ago

// 啓動容器, 掛載使用上面的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker service create --name redis --config my-config redis:alpine
zrhd42cysh0o3i557riaq00tl
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks 
1/1: running   
verify: Service converged

// 查看
[root@localhost ~]# docker service ps  redis
ID                  NAME                IMAGE               NODE                    DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE           ERROR               PORTS
7hm9sbsckh6x        redis.1             redis:alpine        localhost.localdomain   Running             Running 3 minutes ago

// 進入容器, 查看上面的文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps |grep redis
ea63f28bfc9d        redis:alpine        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes        6379/tcp            redis.1.7hm9sbsckh6x6kotnxh3eqdyd
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec ea6 ls -l /
total 8
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4096 May 16 00:52 bin
drwxr-xr-x    2 redis    redis            6 May 16 00:52 data
drwxr-xr-x    5 root     root           340 Jun 24 02:30 dev
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root            66 Jun 24 02:30 etc
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root            19 May 11 01:43 home
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root            17 May 16 00:52 lib
drwxr-xr-x    5 root     root            44 May  9 20:49 media
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root             6 May  9 20:49 mnt
-r--r--r--    1 root     root            23 Jun 24 02:30 my-config
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root             6 May  9 20:49 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  137 root     root             0 Jun 24 02:30 proc
drwx------    2 root     root             6 May  9 20:49 root
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root             6 May  9 20:49 run
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root            21 May 11 01:43 sbin
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root             6 May  9 20:49 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root     root             0 Jun 24 02:30 sys
drwxrwxrwt    1 root     root             6 May 16 00:52 tmp
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root            19 May 16 00:52 usr
drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root            19 May  9 20:49 var

// 看到有 my-config 文件, 查看文件內容
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec ea6 cat /my-config
This is configure test

// 刪除容器, 及刪除文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker service ls
ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE               PORTS
zrhd42cysh0o        redis               replicated          1/1                 redis:alpine        
[root@localhost ~]# docker service rm zrh
zrh
[root@localhost ~]# docker config ls
ID                          NAME                CREATED             UPDATED
1n32fabs69c73jixr6nsqg4wm   my-config           17 minutes ago      17 minutes ago
[root@localhost ~]# docker config rm 1n32
1n32

container

[root@localhost ~]# docker container --help

Usage:    docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

image

[root@localhost ~]# docker image --help

Usage:    docker image COMMAND

Manage images

Commands:
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  ls          List images
  prune       Remove unused images         // 刪除未使用的鏡像
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

node

[root@localhost ~]# docker node --help

Usage:    docker node COMMAND

Manage Swarm nodes

Commands:
  demote      Demote one or more nodes from manager in the swarm
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more nodes
  ls          List nodes in the swarm
  promote     Promote one or more nodes to manager in the swarm
  ps          List tasks running on one or more nodes, defaults to current node
  rm          Remove one or more nodes from the swarm
  update      Update a node

plugin

[root@localhost ~]# docker plugin --help

Usage:    docker plugin COMMAND

Manage plugins

Commands:
  create      Create a plugin from a rootfs and configuration. Plugin data directory must contain config.json and rootfs directory.
  disable     Disable a plugin
  enable      Enable a plugin
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more plugins
  install     Install a plugin
  ls          List plugins
  push        Push a plugin to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more plugins
  set         Change settings for a plugin
  upgrade     Upgrade an existing plugin

secret

// 用於給容器提供一些共享的數據; 如 證書 或者 配置等
[root@localhost ~]# docker secret --help

Usage:    docker secret COMMAND

Manage Docker secrets

Commands:
  create      Create a secret from a file or STDIN as content
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more secrets
  ls          List secrets
  rm          Remove one or more secrets

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