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import "net"json
net包提供了可移植的網絡I/O接口,包括TCP/IP、UDP、域名解析和Unix域socket。安全
雖然本包提供了對網絡原語的訪問,大部分使用者只須要Dial、Listen和Accept函數提供的基本接口;以及相關的Conn和Listener接口。crypto/tls包提供了相同的接口和相似的Dial和Listen函數。網絡
Listen函數建立的服務端:less
ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080") if err != nil { // handle error } for { conn, err := ln.Accept() if err != nil { // handle error continue } go handleConnection(conn) }
Dial函數和服務端創建鏈接:socket
conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "google.com:80") if err != nil { // handle error } fmt.Fprintf(conn, "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n") status, err := bufio.NewReader(conn).ReadString('\n') // ...
TCPConn表明一個TCP網絡鏈接,實現了Conn接口。tcp
Conn接口表明通用的面向流的網絡鏈接。多個線程可能會同時調用同一個Conn的方法。函數
type Conn interface { // Read從鏈接中讀取數據 // Read方法可能會在超過某個固定時間限制後超時返回錯誤,該錯誤的Timeout()方法返回真 Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) // Write從鏈接中寫入數據 // Write方法可能會在超過某個固定時間限制後超時返回錯誤,該錯誤的Timeout()方法返回真 Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) // Close方法關閉該鏈接 // 並會致使任何阻塞中的Read或Write方法再也不阻塞並返回錯誤 Close() error // 返回本地網絡地址 LocalAddr() Addr // 返回遠端網絡地址 RemoteAddr() Addr // 設定該鏈接的讀寫deadline,等價於同時調用SetReadDeadline和SetWriteDeadline // deadline是一個絕對時間,超過該時間後I/O操做就會直接因超時失敗返回而不會阻塞 // deadline對以後的全部I/O操做都起效,而不單單是下一次的讀或寫操做 // 參數t爲零值表示不設置期限 SetDeadline(t time.Time) error // 設定該鏈接的讀操做deadline,參數t爲零值表示不設置期限 SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error // 設定該鏈接的寫操做deadline,參數t爲零值表示不設置期限 // 即便寫入超時,返回值n也可能>0,說明成功寫入了部分數據 SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error }
package main import ( "fmt" "net" ) func process(conn net.Conn) { defer conn.Close() for { buf := make([]byte, 512) n, err := conn.Read(buf) if err != nil { fmt.Println("read err:", err) return } fmt.Println("read:", string(buf[:n])) } } func main() { fmt.Println("server start...") listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", "0.0.0.0:8000") if err != nil { fmt.Println("listen failed, err:", err) return } for { conn, err := listen.Accept() if err != nil { fmt.Println("accept failed, err:", err) continue } go process(conn) } }
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "net" "os" "strings" ) func main() { conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8000") if err != nil { fmt.Println("err dialing:", err.Error()) return } defer conn.Close() inputReader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) for { input, _ := inputReader.ReadString('\n') trimedInput := strings.Trim(input, "\r\n") if trimedInput == "Q" { return } _, err := conn.Write([]byte(trimedInput)) if err != nil { fmt.Println("err conn.write:", err) return } } }
封裝一個http鏈接,請求百度post
package main import ( "fmt" "io" "net" ) func main() { conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "www.baidu.com:80") if err != nil { fmt.Println("err dialing:", err.Error()) return } defer conn.Close() msg := "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n" msg += "Host: www.baidu.com\r\n" msg += "Connection: close\r\n" // msg += "Connection: keep-alive\r\n" msg += "\r\n\r\n" _, err = io.WriteString(conn, msg) if err != nil { fmt.Println("io write string failed, err:", err) return } buf := make([]byte, 4096) for { count, err := conn.Read(buf) if err != nil { break } fmt.Println(string(buf[:count])) } }
import "net/http"
學習
http包提供了HTTP客戶端和服務端的實現。
Get、Head、Post和PostForm函數發出HTTP/ HTTPS請求。
resp, err := http.Get("http://example.com/") ... resp, err := http.Post("http://example.com/upload", "image/jpeg", &buf) ... resp, err := http.PostForm("http://example.com/form", url.Values{"key": {"Value"}, "id": {"123"}})
程序在使用完回覆後必須關閉回覆的主體。
resp, err := http.Get("http://example.com/") if err != nil { // handle error } defer resp.Body.Close() body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) // ...
要管理HTTP客戶端的頭域、重定向策略和其餘設置,建立一個Client:
client := &http.Client{ CheckRedirect: redirectPolicyFunc, } resp, err := client.Get("http://example.com") // ... req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.com", nil) // ... req.Header.Add("If-None-Match", `W/"wyzzy"`) resp, err := client.Do(req) // ...
要管理代理、TLS配置、keep-alive、壓縮和其餘設置,建立一個Transport:
tr := &http.Transport{ TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{RootCAs: pool}, DisableCompression: true, } client := &http.Client{Transport: tr} resp, err := client.Get("https://example.com")
Client和Transport類型均可以安全的被多個go程同時使用。出於效率考慮,應該一次創建、儘可能重用。
ListenAndServe使用指定的監聽地址和處理器啓動一個HTTP服務端。處理器參數一般是nil,這表示採用包變量DefaultServeMux做爲處理器。Handle和HandleFunc函數能夠向DefaultServeMux添加處理器。
http.Handle("/foo", fooHandler) http.HandleFunc("/bar", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %q", html.EscapeString(r.URL.Path)) }) log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
要管理服務端的行爲,能夠建立一個自定義的Server:
s := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: myHandler, ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20, } log.Fatal(s.ListenAndServe())
import ( "fmt" "net/http" ) func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Println("Hello World.") fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello World.\n") } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/", Hello) err := http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:6000", nil) if err != nil { fmt.Println("http listen failed.") } }
import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" ) func main() { res, err := http.Get("http://www.baidu.com") if err != nil { fmt.Println("Get error:", err) return } data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Get data error:", err) return } fmt.Println(string(data)) }
import ( "fmt" "net/http" "time" ) var url = []string{ "http://www.baidu.com", "http://www.google.com", "http://pan.263.net", } func main() { for _, v := range url { http.DefaultClient.Timeout = time.Second * 2 resp, err := http.Head(v) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("head %s failed, err: %v\n", v, err) continue } fmt.Printf("head %s succ, status: %v\n", v, resp.Status) } }
import ( "fmt" "io" "log" "net/http" ) const form = ` <html> <body> <form action="#" method="post" name="bar"> <input type="text" name="in"/> <input type="text" name="in"/> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/> </form> </body> </html> ` func SimpleServer(w http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) { io.WriteString(w, "Hello World.") } func FormServer(w http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) { w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html") switch request.Method { case "GET": io.WriteString(w, form) case "POST": request.ParseForm() io.WriteString(w, request.Form["in"][1]) io.WriteString(w, "\n") io.WriteString(w, request.FormValue("in")) } } func logPanics(handle http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc { return func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) { defer func() { if x := recover(); x != nil { log.Printf("[%v] caught panic: %v", request.RemoteAddr, x) } }() handle(writer, request) } } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/test1", SimpleServer) http.HandleFunc("/test2", logPanics(FormServer)) err := http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:6000", nil) if err != nil { fmt.Println("http listen failed.") } }
package main import ( "fmt" "html/template" "net/http" ) type Person struct { Title string Name string Age int } func SimpleServer(w http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) { indexFailPath := "./index.html" t, err := template.ParseFiles(indexFailPath) if err != nil { fmt.Println("parse file err:", err) return } p := Person{Name: "Nick", Age: 18, Title: "Good."} if err = t.Execute(w, p); err != nil { fmt.Println("There was an error:", err.Error()) return } } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/test1", SimpleServer) err := http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:9000", nil) if err != nil { fmt.Println("http listen failed.") } }
<html> <head> <title> {{.Title}} </title> </head> <body> <p>{{.Name}}</p> {{if gt .Age 18}} <p>MAN: {{.Name}}</p> {{else}} <p>Kid: {{.Name}}</p> {{end}} </body> </html>
更多用法
data, err := json.Marshal("hello world") if err != nil { return } var buf [4]byte packLen := uint32(len(data)) fmt.Println("packlen:", packLen) // 前4個字節表示data大小 binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(buf[0:4], packLen) n, err := conn.Write(buf[:]) if err != nil || n != 4 { fmt.Println("write data failed") return } _, err = conn.Write([]byte(data)) if err != nil { return }
const ( StatusContinue = 100 StatusSwitchingProtocols = 101 StatusOK = 200 StatusCreated = 201 StatusAccepted = 202 StatusNonAuthoritativeInfo = 203 StatusNoContent = 204 StatusResetContent = 205 StatusPartialContent = 206 StatusMultipleChoices = 300 StatusMovedPermanently = 301 StatusFound = 302 StatusSeeOther = 303 StatusNotModified = 304 StatusUseProxy = 305 StatusTemporaryRedirect = 307 StatusBadRequest = 400 StatusUnauthorized = 401 StatusPaymentRequired = 402 StatusForbidden = 403 StatusNotFound = 404 StatusMethodNotAllowed = 405 StatusNotAcceptable = 406 StatusProxyAuthRequired = 407 StatusRequestTimeout = 408 StatusConflict = 409 StatusGone = 410 StatusLengthRequired = 411 StatusPreconditionFailed = 412 StatusRequestEntityTooLarge = 413 StatusRequestURITooLong = 414 StatusUnsupportedMediaType = 415 StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = 416 StatusExpectationFailed = 417 StatusTeapot = 418 StatusInternalServerError = 500 StatusNotImplemented = 501 StatusBadGateway = 502 StatusServiceUnavailable = 503 StatusGatewayTimeout = 504 StatusHTTPVersionNotSupported = 505 )