1、簡介java
在上一篇中,咱們介紹註冊中心Eureka,可是沒有服務註冊和服務調用,服務註冊和服務調用原本應該在上一章就應該給出例子的,可是我以爲仍是和Feign一塊兒講比較好,由於在實際項目中,都是使用聲明式調用服務。而不會在客服端和服務端存儲2份相同的model和api定義。Feign在RestTemplate的基礎上對其封裝,由它來幫助咱們定義和實現依賴服務接口的定義。Spring Cloud Feign 基於Netflix Feign 實現的,整理Spring Cloud Ribbon 與 Spring Cloud Hystrix,而且實現了聲明式的Web服務客戶端定義方式。web
2、實踐spring
在上一節中,我繼續添加工程模塊,最後的模塊以下:apache
首先咱們須要建一個工程,名爲hello-service-api 在工程主要定義對外提供的model 和api。服務的提供方和服務的消費方都要依賴該工程jar,這樣咱們就能夠只維護一份model 和api定義。在該例子中主要以下結構json
很是簡單,只有1個HelloServieRemoteApi 接口定義和User對象。api
@RequestMapping("/hello-service-remote") public interface HelloServiceRemoteApi { @RequestMapping(value = "/hello1", method = RequestMethod.GET) String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name); @RequestMapping(value = "/hello2", method = RequestMethod.GET) User hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name,@RequestHeader("age") Integer age); @RequestMapping(value = "/hello3", method = RequestMethod.POST) String hello(@RequestBody User user); }
在上面的接口定義中,咱們很是的清晰,在接口上面咱們主映射爲/hello-service-remote,我的感受已接口的名字經過「-」這樣能夠很是的區分不一樣的接口路徑,防止多接口時發生重複。接下來具體方法的上面能夠定義於方法名同樣的路徑映射,我這裏已 /hello1,/hello2,/hello3爲主。app
public class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -7233238826463139634L; private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; public User() { } public User(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
上面就是簡單的一個User對象。 負載均衡
從上面的接口中發現,該api工程須要引入spring-web包。因此它的pom.xml以下:maven
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>hello-service-api</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <groupId>com.qee.hello</groupId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.2.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
從上面的pom.xml定義中,咱們知道hello-service-api並不集成父工程micro-service-integration。通常做爲api提供的工程jar,依賴越少越好。ide
接下來咱們須要建立一個提供者工程,咱們把它命名爲hello-service-compose。該工程也是標準的Spring Boot工程。具體的目錄以下:
在工程中咱們有一個剛纔hello-service-api接口定義的實現。代碼以下:
@RestController public class HelloServiceRemoteApiImpl implements HelloServiceRemoteApi { @Override public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) { return "hello " + name; } @Override public User hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name, @RequestHeader("age") Integer age) { try { name= URLDecoder.decode(name,"UTF-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return new User(name, age); } @Override public String hello(@RequestBody User user) { if (user == null) { return "未知"; } return user.toString(); } }
由於是測試工程,因此它沒有複雜的業務邏輯。接下來就是HelloProviderApplication的啓動main.
package com.qee.remote; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class HelloProviderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloProviderApplication.class, args); } }
在上面有2個註解,第一個 SpringBootApplication 就是Spring Boot 啓動註解,EnableDiscoveryClient 該註解會把RestController修飾的類註冊到註冊中心去。
接下來咱們來看下application.properties
server.port=8885 spring.application.name=hello-service-compose eureka.instance.hostname=register.center.com eureka.instance.server.port=8881 #默認的註冊域 eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${eureka.instance.server.port}/eureka/ #控制檯彩色輸出 spring.output.ansi.enabled=ALWAYS
從上面信息咱們知道,改工程啓動端口爲8885,註冊中心地址爲register.center.com:8881。
接下來咱們查看一下該工程的pom.xml定義
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>micro-service-integration</artifactId> <groupId>spring.cloud</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>hello-service-compose</artifactId> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.qee.hello</groupId> <artifactId>hello-service-api</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
從pom.xml文件中知道該工程依賴了web,euraka,ribbon,actuator,hello-service-api 包。其中euraka爲服務註冊和發現包,ribbon爲服務調用負載均衡包,actuator爲工程元信息檢測包。還有咱們本身定義的hello-service-api包。
在上面的簡單配置和編寫後,咱們就能夠啓動工程把該HelloServiceRemoteApi註冊到註冊中心去了。
如今有了服務接口定義包和服務提供工程,如今咱們編寫一下服務調用工程。命名爲hello-service-web。該工程的目錄結構以下:
首先咱們來看下HelloBackgroundService 這個接口。
@FeignClient(value = "hello-service-compose") public interface HelloBackgroundService extends HelloServiceRemoteApi{ }
很是的簡單,主要繼承咱們以前編輯的HelloServiceRemoteApi,而且在上面打上FeignClient註解,該註解指定服務名來綁定服務。該註解同時會使服務調用具備負載均衡的能力。
接下來咱們來看下HelloController類
@RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired private HelloBackgroundService helloBackgroundService; @RequestMapping("/hello") public Map<String,Object> hello(){ Map<String,Object> ret = new HashMap<String, Object>(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); String s1 = helloBackgroundService.hello("張三"); sb.append(s1).append("\n"); User user = null; try { user = helloBackgroundService.hello(URLEncoder.encode("李四", "UTF-8"), 30); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } sb.append(user.toString()).append("\n"); String s3 = helloBackgroundService.hello(new User("王五", 19)); sb.append(s3).append("\n"); ret.put("show",sb.toString()); return ret; } }
從上面得知咱們,咱們就能夠調用以前的咱們編寫的HelloBackgroundService了。接下來咱們查看一下啓動類HelloConsumerApp
package com.qee; import feign.Logger; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; @EnableFeignClients @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class HelloConsumerApp { @Bean Logger.Level feginLoggerLevel(){ return Logger.Level.FULL; } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloConsumerApp.class, args); } }
在該啓動了中又多了一個註解EnableFeignClients ,該註解開啓Spring Cloud Feign的支持。接着咱們來查看一下application.properties
server.port=8887 spring.application.name=hello-service-web eureka.instance.hostname=register.center.com eureka.instance.server.port=8881 #默認的註冊域 eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${eureka.instance.server.port}/eureka/ #開啓請求壓縮功能 feign.compression.request.enabled=true #開啓響應壓縮功能 feign.compression.response.enabled=true #指定壓縮請求數據類型 feign.compression.request.mime-types=text/xml;application/xml;application/json #若是傳輸超過該字節,就對其進行壓縮 feign.compression.request.min-request-size=2048 #控制檯彩色輸出 spring.output.ansi.enabled=ALWAYS #日誌配置,該接口的日誌級別 logging.level.com.qee.service.HelloBackgroundService=DEBUG
從上面的註釋中,咱們已經能夠知道具體的配置參數的做用,這裏就不詳細介紹了。從上面的配置和編寫咱們能夠知道,該工程須要以下的依賴包,pom.xml文件以下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>micro-service-integration</artifactId> <groupId>spring.cloud</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>hello-service-web</artifactId> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.qee.hello</groupId> <artifactId>hello-service-api</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
該服務消費端,比服務提供方多了一個jar依賴,就是feign。該jar的做用就是提供聲明式的服務調用。到這裏咱們本章的內容大體結束,最後咱們來運行這幾個工程。查看以下結果:
從上面咱們能夠看到2個工程hello-service-compose 和hello-service-web都已經註冊到註冊中心eureka上了。接下來看一下調用結果:
到這裏服務註冊中心啓動,服務註冊,服務消費大體都已完成,以後會向你們一塊兒學習服務調用的負載均衡Ribbon和服務容錯保護Hystrix.