sprintf的JavaScript實現

字串格式化命令,主要功能是把格式化的數據寫入某個字符串中。sprintf 是個變參函數,使用時常常出問題,並且只要出問題一般就是能致使程序崩潰的內存訪問錯誤,但好在由sprintf 誤用致使的問題雖然嚴重,卻很容易找出,無非就是那麼幾種狀況,一般用眼睛再把出錯的代碼多看幾眼就看出來了。web

參數說明及應用舉例

  sprintf格式的規格以下所示。[]中的部分是可選的。   app

%[指定參數][標識符][寬度][.精度]指示符   若想輸出`%'自己時, 請這樣`%%'處理。ide

  1. 處理字符方向。負號時表示從後向前處理。  函數

   2. 填空字元。 0 的話表示空格填 0;空格是內定值,表示空格就放着。spa

  3. 字符總寬度。爲最小寬度。code

  4. 精確度。指在小數點後的浮點數位數。ip

比較完整的模擬sprintf函數功能。可用的格式化通配符:內存

  %% - 返回百分號自己ci

  %b - 二進制數字字符串

  %c - ASCII對應的字符

  %d - 整數

  %f - 浮點數

  %o - 八進制數字

  %s - 字符串

  %x - 16進制數字 (小寫字母形式)

  %X - 16進制數字 (大寫字母形式)

  在 % 號和通配字符之間可用的選項包括 (好比 %.2f):

  +   (強制在數字前面顯示 + 和 - 符號做爲正負數標記。缺省狀況下只有負數才顯示 - 符號)

  -   (變量左對齊)

  0   (使用0做爲右對齊的填充字符)

  [0-9] (設置變量的最小寬度)

  .[0-9] (設置浮點數精度或字符串的長度)

  /**//**

  *

  * Javascript sprintf

  * http://www.webtoolkit.info/

  *

  *

  **/

sprintfWrapper = ...{
init : function () ...{
if (typeof arguments == "undefined") ...{ return null; }
if (arguments.length < 1) ...{ return null; }
if (typeof arguments[0] != "string") ...{ return null; }
if (typeof RegExp == "undefined") ...{ return null; }
var string = arguments[0];
var exp = new RegExp(/(%([%]|(-)?(+| )?(0)?(d+)?(.(d)?)?([bcdfosxX])))/g);
var matches = new Array();
var strings = new Array();
var convCount = 0;
var stringPosStart = 0;
var stringPosEnd = 0;
var matchPosEnd = 0;
var newString = '';
var match = null;
while (match = exp.exec(string)) ...{
if (match[9]) ...{ convCount += 1; }
stringPosStart = matchPosEnd;
stringPosEnd = exp.lastIndex - match[0].length;
strings[strings.length] = string.substring(stringPosStart, stringPosEnd);
matchPosEnd = exp.lastIndex;
matches[matches.length] = ...{
match: match[0],
left: match[3] ? true : false,
sign: match[4] || '',
pad: match[5] || ' ',
min: match[6] || 0,
precision: match[8],
code: match[9] || '%',
negative: parseInt(arguments[convCount]) < 0 ? true : false,
argument: String(arguments[convCount])
};
}
strings[strings.length] = string.substring(matchPosEnd);
if (matches.length == 0) ...{ return string; }
if ((arguments.length - 1) < convCount) ...{ return null; }
var code = null;
var match = null;
var i = null;
for (i=0; i<matches.length; i++) ...{
if (matches[i].code == '%') ...{ substitution = '%' }
else if (matches[i].code == 'b') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(Math.abs(parseInt(matches[i].argument)).toString(2));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i], true);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 'c') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(String.fromCharCode(parseInt(Math.abs(parseInt(matches[i].argument)))));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i], true);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 'd') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(Math.abs(parseInt(matches[i].argument)));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i]);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 'f') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(Math.abs(parseFloat(matches[i].argument)).toFixed(matches[i].precision ? matches[i].precision : 6));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i]);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 'o') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(Math.abs(parseInt(matches[i].argument)).toString(8));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i]);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 's') ...{
matches[i].argument = matches[i].argument.substring(0, matches[i].precision ? matches[i].precision : matches[i].argument.length)
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i], true);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 'x') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(Math.abs(parseInt(matches[i].argument)).toString(16));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i]);
}
else if (matches[i].code == 'X') ...{
matches[i].argument = String(Math.abs(parseInt(matches[i].argument)).toString(16));
substitution = sprintfWrapper.convert(matches[i]).toUpperCase();
}
else ...{
substitution = matches[i].match;
}
newString += strings[i];
newString += substitution;
}
newString += strings[i];
return newString;
},
convert : function(match, nosign)...{
if (nosign) ...{
match.sign = '';
} else ...{
match.sign = match.negative ? '-' : match.sign;
}
var l = match.min - match.argument.length + 1 - match.sign.length;
var pad = new Array(l < 0 ? 0 : l).join(match.pad);
if (!match.left) ...{
if (match.pad == "0" || nosign) ...{
return match.sign + pad + match.argument;
} else ...{
return pad + match.sign + match.argument;
}
} else ...{
if (match.pad == "0" || nosign) ...{
return match.sign + match.argument + pad.replace(/0/g, ' ');
} else ...{
return match.sign + match.argument + pad;
}
}
}
}
sprintf = sprintfWrapper.init;

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