Rails 4 學習筆記

• rails new 建立一個rails項目 rails new blog --skip-test-unit
• rails server|s 啓動服務器
• rails console 開啓控制檯

• rails generate controller StaticPages home help --no-test-framework 使用 --no-test-framework 選項禁用rspec框架生成測試代碼。另外Rails會調用underscore方法把駝峯式的命名修改成蛇底式。例如上面的StatiPages的控制器對應的文件名爲：static_pages_controller.rb，這只是一個約定，在命令行中也可使用蛇底式。

  在生成錯誤的時候可使用 rails destroy [controller|model|view] [controller_name] [action] [action...] 來刪除指定的controller

• rake 用來編譯構建項目的一個工具，相似於unix下的make命令，能夠用 rake -T 命令來查看有什麼操做指令。

  也能夠查看指定的命令的幫助，例如：rake -T db

  rake about # List versions of all Rails frameworks and the...
  rake assets:clean # Remove old compiled assets
  rake assets:clobber # Remove compiled assets
  rake assets:environment # Load asset compile environment
  rake assets:precompile # Compile all the assets named in config.assets...
  rake db:create # Create the database from DATABASE_URL or conf...
  rake db:drop # Drops the database using DATABASE_URL or the ...
  rake db:fixtures:load # Load fixtures into the current environment's ...
  rake db:migrate # Migrate the database (options: VERSION=x, VER...
  rake db:migrate:status # Display status of migrations
  rake db:rollback # Rolls the schema back to the previous version...
  rake db:schema:cache:clear # Clear a db/schema_cache.dump file
  rake db:schema:cache:dump # Create a db/schema_cache.dump file
  rake db:schema:dump # Create a db/schema.rb file that can be portab...
  rake db:schema:load # Load a schema.rb file into the database
  rake db:seed # Load the seed data from db/seeds.rb
  rake db:setup # Create the database, load the schema, and ini...
  rake db:structure:dump # Dump the database structure to db/structure.sql
  rake db:version # Retrieves the current schema version number
  rake doc:app # Generate docs for the app -- also available d...
  rake log:clear # Truncates all *.log files in log/ to zero byt...
  rake middleware # Prints out your Rack middleware stack
  rake notes # Enumerate all annotations (use notes:optimize...
  rake notes:custom # Enumerate a custom annotation, specify with A...
  rake rails:template # Applies the template supplied by LOCATION=(/p...
  rake rails:update # Update configs and some other initially gener...
  rake routes # Print out all defined routes in match order, ...
  rake secret # Generate a cryptographically secure secret ke...
  rake stats # Report code statistics (KLOCs, etc) from the ...
  rake test # Runs test:units, test:functionals, test:integ...
  rake test:all # Run tests quickly by merging all types and no...
  rake test:all:db # Run tests quickly, but also reset db
  rake test:recent # Run tests for {:recent=>["test:deprecated", "...
  rake test:uncommitted # Run tests for {:uncommitted=>["test:deprecate...
  rake time:zones:all # Displays all time zones, also available: time...
  rake tmp:clear # Clear session, cache, and socket files from t...
  rake tmp:create # Creates tmp directories for sessions, cache, ...

• rails generate|g 生成器，能夠以不一樣的指令生成不一樣形式的模板。

  Rails:

  • assets
  • controller
  • generator
  • helper
  • integration_test
  • jbuilder
  • mailer
  • migration
  • model
  • resource
  • scaffold
  • scaffold_controller
  • task

  Coffee:

  • coffee:assets

  Jquery:

  • jquery:install

  Js:

  • js:assets

  TestUnit:

  • test_unit:plugin

• bundle install：咱們使用 -without production 禁止安裝生產環境所需的 gem。這個選項會被記住，因此後續調用 Bundler 就不用再指定這個選項，直接運行 bundle install 就能夠自動不安裝生產環境所需的 gem

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安裝ckedit步驟：

1. 加入gem

   gem 'ckeditor'
   gem 'paperclip'

2. 生成文件
   rails generate ckeditor:install --orm=active_record --backend=paperclip

3. 配置 model 環境，打開 application.rb 加入下面
   config.autoload_paths += %W(#{config.root}/app/models/ckeditor)

4. 在 routes 裏面增長 路由
   mount Ckeditor::Engine => "/ckeditor"

5. 打開application.js 加入
   //= require ckeditor/init

更多內容請查看：https://github.com/galetahub/ckeditor

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開發環境配置

1. 默認狀況下Rails erb輸出會轉義html標籤，如何在rails中不讓html標籤轉義？
   答：使用raw 或者 html_safe

2. 如何過濾掉html、css、js標籤？
   答案：能夠是用SanitizeHelper，有以下方法：sanitize、strip_css、strip_links、strip_tags

3. 經常使用 rake 命令
   rake assets:precompile 編譯靜態資源文件
   rake routes 列出全部的restful route
   rake stats 查看當前工程狀況
   rake secret 生成session 加密指紋

4. Rails debug
   增長下面的代碼
   gem debugger
rails s --debugger
   而後在須要debug的地方加上 debugger 就能夠了。

5. 查看資源路徑
   Rails.application.config.assets.paths

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Helper 標籤

• form_for
• link_to
• image_tag
• assets_tag

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Gem命令

• 清除老版本的gem
  gem cleanup

• 刪除全部的已安裝的gem
  for i in ‘gem list --no-versions’; do gem uninstall -aIx $i; done

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軟件安裝

Mac 安裝libxml2

brew install libxml2 libxslt 
brew link libxml2 libxslt

MySQL安裝：

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

修改密碼

mysqladmin -u帳號 -p老密碼 password 新密碼

設置編碼格式

create database ``test`` default character set utf8;

PostgreSQL安裝配置

http://dhq.me/mac-postgresql-install-usage

Heroku

刪除數據庫
heroku pg:reset

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第一章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/3uyAny
第二章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/Y363Erf
第三章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/MnMf2i
第四章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/j2Erye
第五章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/u6FRBr7
第六章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/6j67je