如下部分包含選擇、下載和驗證你的發行版所需的信息,本章後面部分中的說明介紹瞭如何安裝所選的發行版。html
MySQL可在許多操做系統和平臺上使用,有關官方支持的平臺的信息,請參閱MySQL網站上的https://www.mysql.com/support...。mysql
準備安裝MySQL時,請肯定要使用的版本和發行版格式(二進制文件或源代碼)。linux
首先,決定是安裝開發版本仍是通用可用性(GA)版本,開發版本具備最新功能,但不建議用於生產,GA版本,也稱爲生產版或穩定版,適用於生產用途,建議使用最新的GA版本。git
MySQL 8.0中的命名方案使用包含三個數字和可選後綴的版本名稱(例如,mysql-8.0.1-dmr),版本名稱中的數字解釋以下:sql
版本名稱還能夠包含後綴以指示版本的穩定性級別,經過一組後綴在一系列過程當中發行,以指示穩定性級別如何提升,可能的後綴是:shell
系列中的開發始於DMR版本,隨後是RC版本,最後達到GA狀態版本。segmentfault
選擇要安裝的MySQL版本後,肯定要爲你的操做系統安裝哪一種發行版格式,對於大多數用例,二進制發行版是正確的選擇。對於許多平臺,二進制發行版以原生格式提供,例如Linux的RPM包或OS X的DMG包,發行版還提供更通用的格式,如Zip壓縮文件或壓縮tar文件。在Windows上,你可使用MySQL安裝程序來安裝二進制發行版。服務器
在某些狀況下,最好從源代碼發行版安裝MySQL:oracle
你但願使用可能未包含在標準二進制發行版中的特性來配置mysqld
,下面是一些最多見的額外選項,用於確保特性可用性:工具
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=1
用於TCP包裝器支持。-DWITH_ZLIB={system|bundled}
用於依賴於壓縮的特性。-DWITH_DEBUG=1
用於調試支持mysqld
時不使用標準二進制發行版中包含的一些特性。有關MySQL當前版本和下載說明的信息,請訪問https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/上的下載頁面。有關MySQL下載鏡像站點的完整最新列表,請參閱https://dev.mysql.com/downloa...,你還能夠在那裏找到有關成爲MySQL鏡像站點以及如何報告錯誤或過期鏡像的信息。
對於使用Yum做爲其包管理系統的基於RPM的Linux平臺,可使用MySQL Yum Repository安裝MySQL。
對於基於Debian的Linux平臺,可使用MySQL APT Repository安裝MySQL。
對於SUSE Linux Enterprise Server(SLES)平臺,可使用MySQL SLES存儲庫安裝MySQL。
下載適合你須要的MySQL軟件包以後,在嘗試安裝以前,請確保它無缺無損且未被篡改,有三種完整性檢查方法:
如下部分描述瞭如何使用這些方法。
若是你注意到MD5校驗和或GPG簽名不匹配,請首先嚐試再次下載相應的程序包,多是從另外一個鏡像站點下載。
下載MySQL軟件包後,應確保其MD5校驗和與MySQL下載頁面上提供的校驗和匹配,每一個包都有一個單獨的校驗和,你能夠根據下載的包進行驗證。每一個MySQL產品的下載頁面上都列出了正確的MD5校驗和,你將把它與你下載的文件(產品)的MD5校驗和進行比較。
每一個操做系統和設置都提供了本身的工具版本,用於檢查MD5校驗和,一般,該命令名爲md5sum
,或者可能命名爲md5
,某些操做系統根本不提供它。在Linux上,它是GNU Text Utilities包的一部分,可用於各類平臺,你也能夠從http://www.gnu.org/software/t...下載源代碼。若是安裝了OpenSSL,則可使用命令openssl md5 package_name
。有關md5命令行實用程序的Windows實現,請訪問http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/,winMd5Sum是一個圖形化的MD5檢查工具,能夠從http://www.nullriver.com/inde...得到,Microsoft Windows示例將假設名稱爲md5.exe。
Linux和Microsoft Windows示例:
shell> md5sum mysql-standard-8.0.19-linux-i686.tar.gz aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-standard-8.0.19-linux-i686.tar.gz
shell> md5.exe mysql-installer-community-8.0.19.msi aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-installer-community-8.0.19.msi
你應該驗證生成的校驗和(十六進制數字的字符串)是否與相應程序包正下方的下載頁面上顯示的校驗和相匹配。
確保驗證存檔文件的校驗和(例如,.zip
、.tar.gz
或.msi
文件),而不是存檔中包含的文件的校驗和,換句話說,在提取其內容以前驗證該文件。
驗證包的完整性和真實性的另外一種方法是使用加密簽名,這比使用MD5校驗和更可靠,但須要更多工做。
用GnuPG(GNU Privacy Guard)簽署MySQL可下載的軟件包,GnuPG是Phil Zimmermann著名的Pretty Good Privacy(PGP)的開源替代品,大多數Linux發行版默認安裝了GnuPG,不然,請參閱http://www.gnupg.org/以獲取有關GnuPG以及如何獲取和安裝它的更多信息。
要驗證特定包的簽名,首先須要獲取公共GPG構建密鑰的副本,你能夠從http://pgp.mit.edu/下載該密鑰,你想要獲取的密鑰名爲mysql-build@oss.oracle.com
,或者,你能夠直接從如下文本複製並粘貼密鑰:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: GnuPG v1 mQGiBD4+owwRBAC14GIfUfCyEDSIePvEW3SAFUdJBtoQHH/nJKZyQT7h9bPlUWC3 RODjQReyCITRrdwyrKUGku2FmeVGwn2u2WmDMNABLnpprWPkBdCk96+OmSLN9brZ fw2vOUgCmYv2hW0hyDHuvYlQA/BThQoADgj8AW6/0Lo7V1W9/8VuHP0gQwCgvzV3 BqOxRznNCRCRxAuAuVztHRcEAJooQK1+iSiunZMYD1WufeXfshc57S/+yeJkegNW hxwR9pRWVArNYJdDRT+rf2RUe3vpquKNQU/hnEIUHJRQqYHo8gTxvxXNQc7fJYLV K2HtkrPbP72vwsEKMYhhr0eKCbtLGfls9krjJ6sBgACyP/Vb7hiPwxh6rDZ7ITnE kYpXBACmWpP8NJTkamEnPCia2ZoOHODANwpUkP43I7jsDmgtobZX9qnrAXw+uNDI QJEXM6FSbi0LLtZciNlYsafwAPEOMDKpMqAK6IyisNtPvaLd8lH0bPAnWqcyefep rv0sxxqUEMcM3o7wwgfN83POkDasDbs3pjwPhxvhz6//62zQJ7Q2TXlTUUwgUmVs ZWFzZSBFbmdpbmVlcmluZyA8bXlzcWwtYnVpbGRAb3NzLm9yYWNsZS5jb20+iGwE ExECACwCGyMCHgECF4ACGQEGCwkIBwMCBhUKCQgCAwUWAgMBAAUCXEBY+wUJI87e 5AAKCRCMcY07UHLh9RZPAJ9uvm0zlzfCN+DHxHVaoFLFjdVYTQCfborsC9tmEZYa whhogjeBkZkorbyIaQQTEQIAKQIbIwYLCQgHAwIEFQIIAwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAhkB BQJTAdRmBQkaZsvLAAoJEIxxjTtQcuH1X4MAoKNLWAbCBUj96637kv6Xa/fJuX5m 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sl9/S1xZ5S8ylG/xeRsAAwUH/i8KqmvAhq0X7DgCcYputwh37cuZlHOa1Ep07JRm BCDgkdQXkGrsj2Wzw7Aw/TGdWWkmn2pxb8BRui5cfcZFO7c6vryi6FpJuLucX975 +eVY50ndWkPXkJ1HF4i+HJwRqE2zliN/RHMs4LJcwXQvvjD43EE3AO6eiVFbD+qA AdxUFoOeLblKNBHPG7DPG9xL+Ni5rkE+TXShxsB7F0z7ZdJJZOG0JODmox7IstQT GoaU9u41oyZTIiXPiFidJoIZCh7fdurP8pn3X+R5HUNXMr7M+ba8lSNxce/F3kmH 0L7rsKqdh9d/aVxhJINJ+inVDnrXWVoXu9GBjT8Nco1iU9SIVAQYEQIADAUCTnc9 7QUJE/sBuAASB2VHUEcAAQEJEIxxjTtQcuH1FJsAmwWK9vmwRJ/y9gTnJ8PWf0BV roUTAKClYAhZuX2nUNwH4vlEJQHDqYa5yQ== =ghXk -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
要將構建密鑰導入到你的我的公共GPG鑰匙串中,請使用gpg --import
,例如,若是已將密鑰保存在名爲mysql_pubkey.asc
的文件中,則import
命令以下所示:
shell> gpg --import mysql_pubkey.asc gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
你還可使用公鑰ID 5072E1F5
從公鑰服務器下載密鑰:
shell> gpg --recv-keys 5072E1F5 gpg: requesting key 5072E1F5 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net gpg: key 5072E1F5: "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" 1 new user ID gpg: key 5072E1F5: "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" 53 new signatures gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: new user IDs: 1 gpg: new signatures: 53
若是要將密鑰導入RPM配置以驗證RPM安裝包,則應該可以直接導入密鑰:
shell> rpm --import mysql_pubkey.asc
下載並導入公共構建密鑰後,下載所需的MySQL軟件包和相應的簽名,該簽名也可從下載頁面得到,簽名文件與擴展名爲.asc
的發行版文件具備相同的名稱,以下表中的示例所示。
文件類型 | 文件名 |
---|---|
發行版文件 | mysql-standard-8.0.19-linux-i686.tar.gz |
簽名文件 | mysql-standard-8.0.19-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc |
確保兩個文件都存儲在同一目錄中,而後運行如下命令以驗證發行版文件的簽名:
shell> gpg --verify package_name.asc
若是下載的包有效,你將看到相似於如下內容的「Good signature」:
shell> gpg --verify mysql-standard-8.0.19-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc gpg: Signature made Tue 01 Feb 2011 02:38:30 AM CST using DSA key ID 5072E1F5 gpg: Good signature from "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
與網站上列出的簽名相比,Good signature
消息代表文件簽名有效,但你可能也會看到警告,以下所示:
shell> gpg --verify mysql-standard-8.0.19-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc gpg: Signature made Wed 23 Jan 2013 02:25:45 AM PST using DSA key ID 5072E1F5 gpg: checking the trustdb gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found gpg: Good signature from "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5
這是正常的,由於它們取決於你的設置和配置,如下是對這些警告的解釋:
有關如何使用公鑰的更多信息,請參閱GPG文檔。
下載並安裝Gpg4win,而後加載Kleopatra,該對話框應相似於:
接下來,添加MySQL Release Engineering證書,經過點擊File->Lookup Certificates on Server來執行此操做,在搜索框中輸入「Mysql Release Engineering」,而後按Search。
選擇「MySQL Release Engineering」證書,指紋和密鑰ID必須爲「5072E1F5」,或選擇Details...以確認證書有效,如今,經過單擊Import將其導入,將顯示導入對話框,選擇Okay,此證書如今將列在Imported Certificates選項卡下。
接下來,配置證書的信任級別,選擇證書,而後從主菜單中選擇Certificates,Change Owner Trust...,建議選擇I believe checks are very accurate,不然你可能沒法驗證簽名,選擇I believe checks are very accurate以啓用「徹底信任」,而後按OK。
接下來,驗證下載的MySQL包文件,這須要打包文件和簽名的文件,簽名文件必須與打包文件具備相同的名稱,但附加.asc
擴展名,以下表中的示例所示,簽名連接到每一個MySQL產品的下載頁面,你必須使用此簽名建立.asc
文件。
文件類型 | 文件名 |
---|---|
發行版文件 | mysql-installer-community-8.0.19.msi |
簽名文件 | mysql-installer-community-8.0.19.msi.asc |
確保兩個文件都存儲在同一目錄中,而後運行如下命令以驗證發行版文件的簽名,將簽名(.asc
)文件拖放到Kleopatra中,或從File,Decrypt/Verify Files...加載對話框,而後選擇.msi
或.asc
文件。
單擊Decrypt/Verify以檢查文件,兩個最多見的結果將以下所示,雖然黃色警告看起來有問題,但如下表示文件檢查成功經過,你如今能夠運行此安裝程序。
看到紅色「The signature is bad」錯誤表示文件無效,若是看到此錯誤,請不要執行MSI文件。
對於RPM軟件包,沒有單獨的簽名,RPM軟件包具備內置GPG簽名和MD5校驗和,你能夠經過運行如下命令來驗證包:
shell> rpm --checksig package_name.rpm
例如:
shell> rpm --checksig MySQL-server-8.0.19-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm MySQL-server-8.0.19-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OK
若是你使用的是RPM 4.1而且它抱怨 (GPG) NOT OK (MISSING KEYS: GPG#5072e1f5),即便你已將MySQL公共構建密鑰導入到你本身的GPG鑰匙串中,你須要先將密鑰導入RPM鑰匙串。RPM 4.1再也不使用你的我的GPG鑰匙串(或GPG自己),相反,RPM維護一個單獨的鑰匙串,由於它是一個系統範圍的應用程序,而用戶的GPG公鑰串是一個用戶特定的文件。要將MySQL公鑰導入RPM密鑰串,首先獲取密鑰,而後使用
rpm --import
導入密鑰,例如:
shell> gpg --export -a 5072e1f5 > 5072e1f5.asc shell> rpm --import 5072e1f5.asc
或者,rpm還支持直接從URL加載密鑰,你可使用此手冊頁:
shell> rpm --import https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/checking-gpg-signature.html
安裝佈局因不一樣的安裝類型(例如,原生程序包、二進制tar包和源代碼壓縮包)而不一樣,這可能會在管理不一樣系統或使用不一樣安裝源時致使混淆,各個佈局在相應的安裝類型或平臺章節中給出,請注意,Oracle之外的供應商的安裝佈局可能與這些佈局不一樣。
在某些狀況下,用於構建MySQL的編譯器會影響可用的特性,本節中的註釋適用於Oracle Corporation提供的二進制發行版或你從源代碼編譯的。
icc(Intel C++ Compiler)構建
使用icc
構建的服務器具備如下特徵: