nginx的通常安全配置

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• 項目通常配置，例如default.conf

server {
    #引入lua文件加載一些默認配置
    include conf.d/lua_core.conf;
    #引入一些默認localtion的配置
    include conf.d/limits.conf;

    #指定dcoment_root
    root /var/www/html/default/public;

    #加載項目相關的localtion的配置
    include conf.d/rewrite/thinkphp.conf;

    #測試用
    location = /lua {
        set $loggable 0;
        default_type text/html;
        content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello world")';
        #這個連接必須是在瀏覽器下訪問，受制於此文件內的配置
        include conf.d/lua/must_be_human.conf;
    }

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.default.log json_log buffer=64k flush=10s if=$loggable;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.default.log error;
}

• nginx的主入口nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log warn;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 51200;
    multi_accept on;
}

http  {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    client_max_body_size 50m;
    client_body_buffer_size 5m;
    client_body_temp_path /var/cache/nginx/client_body_temp 1 2;
    
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    
    client_body_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 30;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    send_timeout 30;
    
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 1m;
    fastcgi_buffers 8 1m;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 2m;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 4m;
    fastcgi_temp_path /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp 1 2;
    
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_buffer_size 1m;
    proxy_buffers 4 1m;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 2m;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 2m;
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/nginx_proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=10g;
    
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/css application/json;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
    
    server_tokens off;
    access_log off;
    autoindex off;
    
    open_file_cache max=102400 inactive=20s;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    open_file_cache_errors on;
    
    map $http_x_forwarded_for $clientRealIp {
        ""  $remote_addr;
        ~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9\.]+),?.*$  $firstAddr;
    }
    
    map $sent_http_content_type $expires {
        default                    1d;
        text/html                  off;
        text/css                   1d;
        application/javascript     1d;
        ~image/                    1d;
    }
    
    map $host $resp_body {
        default "";
    }
    
    map $host $loggable {
        default 1;
    }
    
    map $host $request_body_sub {
        default "";
    }
    
    #日誌採用json形式，方便和jq命令查找分析
    log_format json_log escape=json '{"realip":"$clientRealIp","timestamp":"$time_iso8601","host":"$http_host","request":"$request","req_body":"$request_body_sub","status":"$status","resp_body":"$resp_body","size":$body_bytes_sent,"ua":"$http_user_agent","cookie":"$http_cookie","req_time":"$request_time","uri":"$uri","referer":"$http_referer","xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for","ups_status":"$upstream_status","ups_addr":"$upstream_addr","ups_time":"$upstream_response_time"}';
    
    lua_need_request_body on;
    #不關閉這個，不能啓動lua module
    lua_load_resty_core off;
    
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost/*.conf;
}

• lua_core.conf中的一些內容

#將輸入輸出也寫進log中
body_filter_by_lua_block {
    if ngx.var.request_method == "POST" then
        ngx.var.request_body_sub = string.sub(ngx.var.request_body or "", 1, 1000)

        local resp_body = string.sub(ngx.arg[1] or "", 1, 1000)
        ngx.ctx.buffered = (ngx.ctx.buffered or "") .. resp_body
        if ngx.arg[2] then
            ngx.var.resp_body = ngx.ctx.buffered
        end
    end
}

#放在頂級server中進行篩選
rewrite_by_lua_block {
    local body = nil
    if ngx.var.request_method == "POST" then
        ngx.req.read_body()
        body = ngx.unescape_uri(string.sub(ngx.var.request_body or "", 1, 1000))
    elseif ngx.var.request_method == "GET" then
        body = ngx.unescape_uri(string.sub(ngx.var.args or "", 1, 1000))
    end
    
    -- 檢測請求數據中的不安全參數
    if body and string.len(body) >= 8 then
        local patterns = {
            "(shell_exec|phpinfo|system|passthru|preg_\\w+|execute|echo)\\s*\\(",
        }

        for _, pattern in pairs(patterns) do
            local match = ngx.re.match(body, pattern, "ijo")
            if match then
                ngx.status = 200
                ngx.say("hello world")
                ngx.exit(200)
            end
        end
    end
}

• limits.conf

#https的時候要用到
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header strict-transport-security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains";

fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

#只容許特定的METHOD
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|POST|HEAD|OPTION)$) {
    return 405;
}

#禁止默認的命令行工具訪問
if ($http_user_agent ~* (pytho[n]?|curl|wget)) {
    return 403;
}

# 防止外部直接thinkphp漏洞攻擊
if ($request_uri ~* ^/index\.php) {
    return 405;
}

#letsencrypt須要訪問這個地址下文件
location ^~ /.well-known {
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    access_log off;
}

#禁止因此點開頭的訪問
#eg： /upload/../index.php
location ~ /\. {
    deny all;
}

#upload下php無運行權限，防止上傳漏洞
location ~* /upload[s]?/.*\.php$ {
    return 404;
}

#靜態文件就不須要記錄在日誌了
location ~* \.(map|gif|jpg|png|css|js|ico|swf|pdf|apk|exe|eot|otf|ttf|woff|woff2)$ {
    try_files $uri =404;
    access_log off;
}

location = /favicon.ico {
    try_files $uri =404;
    access_log off;
}

• lua的一些應用

#通常爬蟲沒法動態cookie，用做判斷是不是瀏覽器行爲
rewrite_by_lua_block {
    local random = ngx.var.cookie_random

    if(random == nil) then
        random = math.random(999999)
    end

    local token = ngx.md5("salt" .. ngx.var.remote_addr .. random)
    if (ngx.var.cookie_token ~= token) then
        ngx.header["Set-Cookie"] = {"token=" .. token, "random=" .. random}
        return ngx.redirect(ngx.var.scheme .. "://" .. ngx.var.host .. ngx.var.request_uri)
    end
}

• thinkphp.conf相關的配置

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?s=$uri&$query_string;
}

#杜絕其餘上傳php文件的漏洞
location = /index.php {
    try_files $uri =404;
    fastcgi_pass   php-fpm:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root/index.php; # $fastcgi_script_name
    include        fastcgi_params;
}