Java集合中HashMap平常問題及解決辦法

前言javascript


  今天在學習Session的時候,利用了Session可持久化保存服務器端的特性嘗試作了一下用HashMap嵌套的購物車(沒有將購物車的商品信息保存在數據庫中),之因此作的這麼麻煩是爲了鞏固以前學習的Map知識和鍛鍊邏輯能力,正好也在其中遇到了一個關於HashMap 的問題,在此作個小小的記錄,方便往後查看。
 html

問題java


  服務器端保存購物車商品信息用的是HashMap嵌套,內層HashMap存放的是商品和該商品的數量,內層的HashMap中只存放一組鍵值對,外層HashMap存放的是商品和該商品總價,根據頁面傳過來的商品id在數據庫中獲取到商品的信息,。再遍歷HashMap根據id判斷是否已經存在該商品,再針對不一樣狀況進行處理,所遇到的問題是購物車存在頁面穿進來的該商品,那麼我若是修改內層Map的Integer(數量),再修改外層HashMap的Value(該商品的總價),就會出現空指針異常,解決方案是先將商品總價保存起來,把內層HashMap從外層HashMap中remove掉,再修改商品數量,再將修改數量後的內層HashMap添加到外層HashMap中,代碼以下:jquery

 

<%@ page import="java.util.List" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<%@ page import="model.Shop" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>購物</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="shopcart" id="form">
    <input type="hidden" id="count" name="count" value="">
    <input type="hidden" id="id" name="goodid" value="">
    <table>
        <tr>
            <th>店鋪碼</th>
            <th>水果名</th>
            <th>價格</th>
            <th>類別</th>
            <th>操做</th>
        </tr>
        <%
            List<Shop> list = (List<Shop>) request.getAttribute("shoplist");
            for (int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
                Shop shop = list.get(i);
        %>
        <tr>
            <td><%=shop.getCode()%></td>
            <td><%=shop.getName()%></td>
            <td><%=shop.getPrice()%></td>
            <td><%=shop.getType()%></td>
            <td>
                <%--<a href="shopcart?goodid="--%>
                <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="addToCart(<%=shop.getSid()%>)">添加到購物車</a>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <%}%>
    </table>
</form>
</body>
<script>
    function addToCart(id) {
        var count = prompt('添加數量是多少個');
        $("#id").val(id);
        $("#count").val(count);
        if (confirm("確認添加?")) {
            $("#form").submit();
        }
    }
</script>
</html>數據庫

 

<%@ page import="model.Shop" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Set" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: asus
  Date: 2019/1/10
  Time: 23:40
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
    Map<Map<Shop,Integer>,Integer> cart = (Map<Map<Shop, Integer>, Integer>) session.getAttribute("shopcart");
    int sum = (int) session.getAttribute("sum");
%>
<table>
    <tr>
        <th>水果名</th>
        <th>價格</th>
        <th>類別</th>
        <th>數量/個</th>
        <th>小計/元</th>
    </tr>
    <%
        Set<Map<Shop, Integer>> set = cart.keySet();
        for (Map<Shop, Integer> shopIntegerMap : set) {
            Shop shop = shopIntegerMap.keySet().iterator().next();
    %>
    <tr>
        <td><%=shop.getName()%></td>
        <td><%=shop.getPrice()%></td>
        <td><%=shop.getType()%></td>
        <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;<%=shopIntegerMap.get(shop)%></td>
        <td><%=cart.get(shopIntegerMap)%></td>
    </tr>
    <%}%>
</table>
<br>
<th>合計:</th><%=sum%> 元
</body>
</html>服務器

 

出錯代碼待添加session

 

 

//此處寫的是Shop是由於數據表中給定的表名是shop
package model;
/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @Author Whyat
 * @Date 2019/1/9 17:10
 */
public class Shop {
    private int sid,price;
    private String code,name,type;
    public Shop() {
    }
    public Shop(int price, String code, String name, String type) {
        this.price = price;
        this.code = code;
        this.name = name;
        this.type = type;
    }
    public Shop(int sid, int price, String code, String name, String type) {
        this.sid = sid;
        this.price = price;
        this.code = code;
        this.name = name;
        this.type = type;
    }
    public int getSid() {
        return sid;
    }
    public Shop setSid(int sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
        return this;
    }
    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public Shop setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
        return this;
    }
    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public Shop setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
        return this;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public Shop setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        return this;
    }
    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }
    public Shop setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Shop{" +
                "sid=" + sid +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", code='" + code + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 

結論ide

 

  在Key嵌套HashMap的HashMap,若是修改已經存放的Key的內容時,再用修改後的外層Key去獲取外層HashMap的Value,是會報空指針異常的。可是若是不是HashMap嵌套,這樣作是不會出異常,以上結論僅根據作的簡單的測試得出的,若有錯誤,望不吝賜教。學習

 

 

package servlet;
import model.Good;
import model.Shop;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @Author Whyat
 * @Date 2019/1/10 22:05
 */
public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //test1();
        test2();
    }
    /**
     *  修改map外面的key的內容內層的key的內容也會改變,
     *  再用修改後的key去得到以前的value是能夠的,
     *  並且能夠覆蓋以前的鍵值對
     */
    private static void test1() {
        Map<Shop, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        Shop shop = new Shop(2, 3, "code", "name", "type");
        map.put(shop, 3);
        shop.setSid(4);
        int i = map.get(shop);
        Set<Shop> set = map.keySet();
        for (Shop shop1 : set) {
            System.out.println(shop1);
        }
        map.put(shop, 4);
        System.out.println("...");
    }
    /**
     * 修改外層的key,根據key獲取外層的value會出現空指針異常
     */
    private static void test2() {
        Map<Map<Good,Integer>, Integer> bigMap = new HashMap<>();
        Map<Good,Integer> smallMap = new HashMap<>();
        Good good = new Good(1, "name", "class", 10, "code");
        smallMap.put(good, 5);         bigMap.put(smallMap, 100);         //修改了內層小map的內容         smallMap.put(good, 6);         //大map再根據小map獲取以前大map的value報空指針異常         int i = bigMap.get(smallMap);         bigMap.put(smallMap, i + 10);         System.out.println("...");     } }
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