因爲在centos7系統上使用docker-machine安裝的swarm實現服務的負載均衡一直失敗,存在問題,故將環境改到ubuntu16.04.2 LTS上進行操做html
兩個節點manager1:192.168.101.17(安裝docker、docker-machine),work1節點192.168.101.18(只進行安裝docker)node
一、在ubuntu系統上安裝docker,這裏採用dpkg包安裝deblinux
下載對應系統架構的deb:https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/xenial/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce_17.09.0~ce-0~ubuntu_amd64.debnginx
$ sudo dpkg -i docker-ce_17.09.0_ce-0_ubuntu_amd64.deb $ sudo systemctl start docker $ sudo systemctl status docker
給兩個節點配置鏡像加速器:web
root@manager1:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { "dns": ["192.168.101.2","8.8.8.8"], "registry-mirrors": ["https://cbd49ltj.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] }
若是使用普通用戶操做docker:將用戶添加到docker組進行docker
wadeson@wadeson:~$ groupadd docker groupadd:「docker」組已存在 wadeson@wadeson:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker wadeson
配置完成後,須要exit退出一下控制端,從新開啓就行json
二、爲manager1節點單獨安裝docker-machine:一下操做我這裏使用的都是rootubuntu
# cp docker-machine /usr/local/bin/ # cd /usr/local/bin/ # chmod +x docker-machine # docker-machine version docker-machine version 0.13.0, build 9ba6da9
兩個節點的基礎環境配置好後,如今開始建立machine:vim
root@wadeson:~# ssh-keygen root@wadeson:~# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.101.17 root@wadeson:~# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.101.17 --generic-ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa --generic-ssh-user=root manager1
上面爲管理節點本身建立一個machine,下面給遠程主機work1節點建立machine:centos
root@wadeson:~# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.101.18 root@wadeson:~# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.101.18 --generic-ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa --generic-ssh-user=root work1
root@manager1:~# docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS manager1 - generic Running tcp://192.168.101.17:2376 v17.09.0-ce work1 - generic Running tcp://192.168.101.18:2376 v17.09.0-ce
將machine建立好了以後,接下來搭建swarm集羣,在管理節點manager1節點搭建:
root@wadeson:~# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.101.17"
而後將work1節點加進到swarm集羣中:
root@wadeson:~# docker-machine ssh work1 "docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3pb7f9xynb3m8kiejf63w6klcwcbfg0r4dcalnxzeuennfwccc-7ubvqutczmn1ag2qpev2u31wd 192.168.101.17:2377" This node joined a swarm as a worker.
執行完成後,swarm集羣就搭建完成了,查看節點信息:
root@wadeson:~# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker node ls" ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS izidcyk70x8jbhm20emeblymz * manager1 Ready Active Leader gt0onqyz71f2fnzmwqqgtv83z work1 Ready Active
三、建立service
建立一個將端口映射到host主機上的web服務:
root@wadeson:~# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker service create --name web --replicas 2 --publish 8080:80 nginx" o6hlfsxiw8hjrh0uigmsg46cm
root@wadeson:~# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker service ls" ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS o6hlfsxiw8hj web replicated 0/2 nginx:latest *:8080->80/tcp root@wadeson:~# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker service ps web" ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS u5q5r94qbq8p web.1 nginx:latest work1 Running Preparing 13 seconds ago 7f71e1ycyrlp web.2 nginx:latest manager1 Running Preparing 13 seconds ago 正在下載鏡像,因此不是立刻就是running
當分配到節點的狀態都是running時,表示服務建立成功沒有問題,因爲在使用centos建立這樣類型的服務時,只有manager管理節點可以訪問,如今使用ubuntu系統建立的服務:
能夠看見在ubuntu建立相同的服務,可以實現負載均衡的效果的,分配在兩個節點的任務都可以進行訪問成功
當建立的是一個web服務提供網站訪問,那麼數據目錄是須要進行掛載出來的,而service在建立過程當中也是能夠指定的,可是參數變成了--mount
root@wadeson:~/docker_project# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker service create --name web --replicas 2 --publish 8080:80 --mount source=,destination=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx" 0kuxwkaoophassmzhzt7yuk6p
上面建立了一個源掛載點爲默認的,將它掛載到了nginx的根目錄,查看映射到host的詳細路徑:
root@manager1:/www# docker inspect web.2.rpva7n1100w8tbh55lfi8l9w2 使用容器名進行查看 "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "1e2bcfdf684f1e8ee6bc9f110cbf455b2efe4d4551b940a80991948cbeaca589", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/1e2bcfdf684f1e8ee6bc9f110cbf455b2efe4d4551b940a80991948cbeaca589/_data", "Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "z", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" }
能夠詳細的知道host主機上的哪個目錄與nginx根目錄對應:
查看volume的一些信息:
root@manager1:/www# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local 1e2bcfdf684f1e8ee6bc9f110cbf455b2efe4d4551b940a80991948cbeaca589
能夠看見在上面建立的service web以後也建立了一個隨機命名的volume(默認爲本地)
如今在管理節點manager1上的掛載目錄建立一個html:
而後進行訪問:
可是查看並訪問work1節點時:
在work1節點上建立的隨機名是和manager1節點不同的,因此相應的在manager1節點上增長一個html,而在work1節點上並無該html的建立
如今在manager1節點上建立一個本地volume:
root@wadeson:~/docker_project# docker volume create test test root@wadeson:~/docker_project# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local test
而後使用該建立的test volume進行建立一個service:
root@wadeson:~/docker_project# docker-machine ssh manager1 "docker service create --name web --replicas 2 --publish 8080:80 --mount source=test,destination=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx" 39bphuu4248u8cvwv57q5880s 使用test來掛載nginx的網站目錄
建立完成service以後,如今查看manager1節點將絕對路徑分配到了哪裏?
root@manager1:/www# docker inspect web.1.znwxgy5k5133xbt4gmys5iho4 "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "test", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/test/_data", "Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "z", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" }
root@manager1:~# docker volume inspect test [ { "CreatedAt": "2017-11-18T00:01:43+08:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": {}, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/test/_data", "Name": "test", "Options": {}, "Scope": "local" } ]
如今在manager1節點的掛載點上建立一個新的html
root@manager1:/var/lib/docker/volumes/test/_data# ll 總用量 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 18 00:01 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 11月 17 23:57 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 537 9月 15 00:35 50x.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 612 9月 15 00:35 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26 11月 18 00:01 test.html
而後在節點work1上查看掛載的點目錄:
root@work1:/var/lib/docker/volumes/test/_data# ll 總用量 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 17 23:58 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 11月 17 23:58 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 537 9月 15 00:35 50x.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 612 9月 15 00:35 index.html
能夠看見work1和manager1上並不一致,而後咱們訪問兩個ip:
能夠發現即便使用相同的掛載點,若是僅僅在其中一個節點上建立了html,另外一個節點依然不可以進行訪問到,這種模式就須要進行共享存儲或者分佈式存儲解決了
docker針對volume的方式有不少種:
建立一個tmpfs: root@wadeson:~/docker_project# docker volume create -o type=tmpfs -o device=tmpfs -o o=size=100m,uid=1000 html html
而後查看volume信息:
root@manager1:~# docker volume inspect html [ { "CreatedAt": "2017-11-18T00:33:18+08:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": {}, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/html/_data", "Name": "html", "Options": { "device": "tmpfs", "o": "size=100m,uid=1000", "type": "tmpfs" }, "Scope": "local" } ]
root@manager1:~# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local html local test
僅僅是在manager1節點上進行建立了,而work1節點是沒有的:
root@work1:~# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local test
如今使用這個html volume進行掛載,那麼work1將會建立volume爲html的掛載點,可是屬性是和manager1徹底不同的
root@manager1:~# docker service create --name web --replicas 2 --publish 8080:80 --mount source=html,destination=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx a410dj6ob3v7dc7dge2os3h28
root@work1:~# docker volume inspect html [ { "CreatedAt": "2017-11-19T21:08:10+08:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": null, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/html/_data", "Name": "html", "Options": {}, "Scope": "local" } ]
對於manager1這個節點來講html volume的信息:
root@manager1:~# docker volume inspect html [ { "CreatedAt": "2017-11-19T21:08:10+08:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": {}, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/html/_data", "Name": "html", "Options": { "device": "tmpfs", "o": "size=100m,uid=1000", "type": "tmpfs" }, "Scope": "local" } ]
在manager1節點的掛載目錄下面看不見nginx的原始html:
關於volume的使用查看官網
四、上面經過docker service建立了服務,如今這裏經過stack命令經過compose文件進行建立stack來管理服務:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: replicas: 2 restart_policy: condition: on-failure ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" networks: net:
編寫玩compose文件後,使用stack進行建立:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml web
Creating network web_net
Creating service web_web
能夠看見建立了服務web_web,建立了網絡web_net,而這裏建立的網絡與以前單獨使用compose建立的服務中的網絡driver是不同的:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 535f88afa37e bridge bridge local de07db93a69a docker_gwbridge bridge local c496484033f7 host host local q8u4pz1f00sq ingress overlay swarm 4e36c8cfed74 none null local rny61337fv5k web_net overlay swarm
使用swarm集羣建立下的網絡默認的driver是overlay模式,而不是bridge
查看建立的stack:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ls NAME SERVICES web 1 root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ps web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS j8eljggx5u0g web_web.1 nginx:latest work1 Running Running about a minute ago 1ogxqm87cmsu web_web.2 nginx:latest manager1 Running Running about a minute ago
因爲stack能夠用來管理service,因此也能夠用service來查看服務:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker service ls ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS ds0z266ttqrf web_web replicated 2/2 nginx:latest *:8080->80/tcp root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker service ps web_web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS j8eljggx5u0g web_web.1 nginx:latest work1 Running Running 2 minutes ago 1ogxqm87cmsu web_web.2 nginx:latest manager1 Running Running 2 minutes ago
能夠看見service的名稱和stack的名稱是不一致的
列出在stack中的服務:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack services web ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS ds0z266ttqrf web_web replicated 2/2 nginx:latest *:8080->80/tcp
而後進行訪問分配的兩個節點:
docker stack的一些命令:
Commands: deploy Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack ls List stacks ps List the tasks in the stack rm Remove one or more stacks services List the services in the stack
這些命令都是比較好操做的,這裏不作介紹了
向compose文件中加入volume:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: replicas: 2 restart_policy: condition: on-failure ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" volumes: - "/www:/usr/share/nginx/html" networks: net:
volumes指令這裏,只是在manager1節點上建立了/www目錄,而work1節點並無:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ps web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS yeoo33w9gtyg web_web.1 nginx:latest manager1 Running Running 26 seconds ago h42wivwjeyyg web_web.2 nginx:latest manager1 Running Running 1 second ago k9cwzgiwqfkw \_ web_web.2 nginx:latest work1 Shutdown Rejected 16 seconds ago "invalid mount config for type…" k1z0euovj5ot \_ web_web.2 nginx:latest work1 Shutdown Rejected 21 seconds ago "invalid mount config for type…" xqchylah6ovp \_ web_web.2 nginx:latest work1 Shutdown Rejected 26 seconds ago "invalid mount config for type…" h7cc0rl07vz7 \_ web_web.2 nginx:latest work1 Shutdown Rejected 26 seconds ago "invalid mount config for type…"
因而swarm試圖在work1上分配任務失敗,節點掛載失敗,因而所有分配到了manager1節點上,若是須要在work1節點上掛載成功,須要建立www目錄,可是後面的數據一致仍是須要共享存儲
將上面的volumes掛載改成volume下的某一個沒有建立的(兩個節點以前都沒建立)
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: replicas: 2 restart_policy: condition: on-failure ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" volumes: - "mydata:/usr/share/nginx/html" networks: net: volumes: mydata:
利用上面的compose進行建立stack:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# vim docker-compose.yml root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml web Creating network web_net Creating service web_web
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ps web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS qgph48g6devs web_web.1 nginx:latest manager1 Running Running 4 seconds ago ukualp6c6rwn web_web.2 nginx:latest work1 Running Running 3 seconds ago
能夠看見節點都能成功執行任務,如今查看各節點的volume狀況:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local html local test local web_mydata
root@work1:~# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local html local test local web_mydata
而後查看具體volume web_mydata的掛載目錄:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker volume inspect web_mydata [ { "CreatedAt": "2017-11-19T21:39:16+08:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": { "com.docker.stack.namespace": "web" }, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/web_mydata/_data", "Name": "web_mydata", "Options": {}, "Scope": "local" } ]
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/web_mydata/_data root@manager1:/var/lib/docker/volumes/web_mydata/_data# ll 總用量 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 19 21:39 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 11月 19 21:39 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 537 9月 15 00:35 50x.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 612 9月 15 00:35 index.html
root@work1:/var/lib/docker/volumes/web_mydata/_data# ll 總用量 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 19 21:39 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 11月 19 21:39 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 537 9月 15 00:35 50x.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 612 9月 15 00:35 index.html
能夠看見掛載相同的內容了,而後向manager1建立一個html:
root@manager1:/var/lib/docker/volumes/web_mydata/_data# echo "<h1>hello swarm</h1>" >> test.html
訪問兩個節點:
因而可知,一樣須要共享存儲,或者分佈式存儲
若是須要將建立的任務進行約束constraints,好比將建立的replicas都建立在節點work1上面:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: replicas: 2 restart_policy: condition: on-failure placement: constraints: [ node.hostname == work1 ] ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" volumes: - "mydata:/usr/share/nginx/html" networks: net: volumes: mydata:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ps web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS waqycm6yzq7n web_web.1 nginx:latest work1 Running Running 5 seconds ago c95s2ts8nnn9 web_web.2 nginx:latest work1 Running Running 5 seconds ago
從上面能夠看見了,建立的任務都分配到了節點work1上面,這就是在deploy中添加了constraints條件
而在deploy中也有mode一說,分別有global和replicated,下面舉例說明(默認爲replicated)
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: mode: replicated replicas: 2 restart_policy: condition: on-failure placement: constraints: [ node.hostname == work1 ] ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" volumes: - "mydata:/usr/share/nginx/html" networks: net: volumes: mydata:
mode爲replicated的時候時,與replicas搭配使用,表明建立的任務的副本數,而global不與replicas連用,表示在每一個節點上都建立有任務:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: mode: global restart_policy: condition: on-failure ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" volumes: - "mydata:/usr/share/nginx/html" networks: net: volumes: mydata:
而後查看建立任務對於的節點狀態:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ps web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS rc1t2hv5amhy web_web.izidcyk70x8jbhm20emeblymz nginx:latest manager1 Running Running 1 second ago qbianufy60p4 web_web.gt0onqyz71f2fnzmwqqgtv83z nginx:latest work1 Running Running 1 second ago
固然也能夠對所有的節點進行約束,也能夠僅僅只是在某一個節點上建立任務:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3" services: web: image: nginx deploy: mode: global restart_policy: condition: on-failure placement: constraints: - node.hostname == work1 ports: - "8080:80" networks: - "net" volumes: - "mydata:/usr/share/nginx/html" networks: net: volumes: mydata:
root@manager1:~/docker_project# docker stack ps web ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS oof47jartobw web_web.gt0onqyz71f2fnzmwqqgtv83z nginx:latest work1 Running Running 3 seconds ago
而訪問兩個節點卻都是成功的: