nginx
靜態小文件（1M），支持高併發，同時佔用的資源不多，3w併發，10個進程，內存150Mjavascript
配置簡單，靈活，輕量php
高併發（靜態小文件），靜態幾萬的併發css
佔用資源小，2W併發，開10個線程服務，內存消耗幾百Mhtml
支持epoll模型，使得nginx能夠支持高併發java
nginx的應用場景：node
靜態服務（圖片，視頻服務）html，js,css,jpg,gif等nginx
動態服務，nginx+fastcgi的方式運行php，jspjson
反向代理，負載均衡，日PV2000w下vim
nginx虛擬主機：併發
在配置文件中，一個server標籤就是一個虛擬主機
一、基於域名的虛擬主機，經過域名區分主機==>應用：外部網站
二、基於端口的虛擬主機，經過端口來區分虛擬主機==>應用：公司內部網站，網站後臺
三、基於IP的虛擬主機，幾乎不用
安裝nginx
1.安裝pcre
nginx日誌
cat /var/log/messages
cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log
conf配置文件
html網站目錄
logs日誌
sbin啓動命令
user nobody nobody; worker_processes 8; worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; charset utf-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 10; server_tokens off; tcp_nodelay on; add_header Server-ID $hostname; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 256k; fastcgi_buffers 2 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; #add for compress gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; postpone_output 1460; gzip_proxied any; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; client_body_buffer_size 512k; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 8k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_temp_path /gomeo2o/tmp/proxy_temp_dir; proxy_cache_path /gomeo2o/tmp/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:9192m inactive=1d max_size=30g; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header Proxy-Client-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $http_x_forwarded_for; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { return 200 "<h1>not found</h1>"; expires 30d; } } log_format nginxjson '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",' '"@fields": { ' '"@version":"1",' '"host":"$server_addr",' '"remote_addr":"$remote_addr",' '"http_x_forwarded_for":"$http_x_forwarded_for",' '"request_method":"$request_method",' '"domain":"$host",' '"url.raw":"$uri",' '"url":"$scheme://$http_host$request_uri",' '"status":"$status",' '"server_protocol":"$server_protocol",' '"size":$body_bytes_sent,' '"responsetime":$request_time,' '"http_referer":"$http_referer",' '"upstr_addr": "$upstream_addr",' '"upstr_status": "$upstream_status",' '"ups_resp_time": "$upstream_response_time",' '"x_gomeplus_token":"$http_x_gomeplus_token",' '"x_gomeplus_access_token":"$http_x_gomeplus_access_token",' '"accept":"$http_accept",' '"agent": "$http_user_agent"}}'; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log nginxjson; include sites-enabled/*.conf; }
基於域名的虛擬主機
worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 80; server_name www.etiantian.org; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } } server { listen 80; server_name bbs.etiantian.org; location / { root html/bbs; index index.html index.htm; } } }
基於域名的虛擬主機配置
www.etiantian.org站點目錄/html/www
bbs.etiantian.org站點目錄/html/bbs
a.配置文件
b.站點目錄
mkdir ../html/{www,bbs} -p
echo 'www.etiantian.org' > ../html/www/index.html
echo 'bbs.etiantian.org' > ../html/bbs/index.html
c.從新加載nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 檢查語法
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 從新加載
d.配置hosts
利用include優化nginx配置文件
worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; #nginx vhosts config include extra/www.conf; include extra/bbs.conf; }
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
mkdir extra
vim bbs.conf
server { listen 80; server_name bbs.etiantian.org; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } }
虛擬主機別名配置
只須要在server_name後面加上主機名，用空格隔開
server { listen 80; server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } }
一個集羣，監控節點，能夠給每臺主機一個別名
nginx狀態
編譯安裝時加上這個參數--with-http_ssl_module
extra/status.conf
server{ listen 80; server_name status.etiantian.org; location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } }
include extra/status.conf加到http中
Active connections: 2 server accepts handled requests 24 24 14 Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 1
Active connections: 2 nginx正處理的活動鏈接數
accepts:nginx啓動到如今共處理了24個鏈接
handled:共成功建立24次握手請求丟失數=握手數-鏈接數
requests:共處理了14次請求
Reading:讀取到客戶端的Header信息數
Writing:返回給客戶端的Header信息數
Waiting:已經處理完正在等候下一次請求指令的駐留鏈接
nginx日誌
- 錯誤日誌
常見的有debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg
通常是warn|error|crit這三個級別之一，注意不要配置info等低級別，會帶來磁盤I/O消耗
能夠放在main，http，server，location
worker_processes 1; error_log logs/error.log error;#logs/error.log日誌位置 error日誌級別
- 訪問日誌
log_format 用來定義記錄日誌的格式，放置在http下
access_log 用來指定日誌文件的路徑及使用何種日誌格式記錄日誌
1.
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
2.
vim /extra/www.conf，在server外加上access_log logs/access_www.log main;#logs/access_www.log日誌位置，main和上面的log_format對應
v
access_log off #這裏的off，表示不記錄訪問日誌
輸出的日誌格式
10.144.52.178 - - [18/Jan/2017:15:17:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKi
t/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 Safari/537.36" "-"
在高併發場景下
訪問日誌輪詢分割
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