forms組件

一,校驗字段功能

-forms是什麼?

就是一個類,能夠校驗字段(前臺傳過來的字段)
    -怎麼用:

針對一個實例:註冊用戶講解。

模型:models.py

 

class UserInfo(models.Model):      # 寫一個類,要校驗那些字段,就是類的屬性
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)  # 定義一個屬性,能夠用來校驗字符串類型
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()

模板文件裏:css

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用戶名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密碼</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">確認密碼</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">郵箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

視圖函數裏:html

# forms組件
from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})      #控制input輸入框的格式,括號裏面是控制的樣式
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})   #控制密碼框,這樣密碼就是密文格式

class UserForm(forms.Form):             #重寫一個類
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
                         widget=wid_01
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)



def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)    #實例化出來一個對象,#實例化產生對象,傳入要校驗的數據(字典)
        if form.is_valid():   #判斷is_valid若是是true,校驗成功
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 全部乾淨的字段以及對應的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的字段":["錯誤信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤信息",]
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    -注意:校驗的字段,能夠多,可是不能少

二 渲染標籤功能

渲染方式一:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>註冊頁面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div>
                        <label for="">用戶名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密碼</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">確認密碼</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 郵箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

渲染方式2

<h1>第二種方式(for循環form對象,建議用這種)</h1>
<form action="" method="post" >
    {% for foo in myform %}
        <p>{{ foo.label }}:{{ foo }}</p>
    {% endfor %}

    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

渲染方式3

<h1>第三種方式(不建議用)</h1>
<form action="" method="post" >

{#    {{ myform.as_p }}#}
    {{ myform.as_ul }}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

三渲染錯誤信息功能

  • myforms有errors
    -屬性(name)也有errors
    -錯誤信息,變成中文:

視圖裏:

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 全部乾淨的字段以及對應的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的字段":["錯誤信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤信息",]
        return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板裏:

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% for foo in myform %}     #循環出來的是要校驗的字段
        <p>{{ foo.label }}:{{ foo }} <span>{{ foo.errors.0 }}</span></p>
    {% endfor %}

    <input type="submit" value="提交"><span>{{ all_error }}</span>
</form>

四 局部鉤子:

-定義一個函數,名字叫:clean_字段名字,內部,取出該字段,進行校驗,若是經過,將該字段返回,若是失敗,拋異常(ValidationError)

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("該用戶已註冊!")

    def clean_tel(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val
        else:
            raise  ValidationError("手機號格式錯誤")

五 全局鉤子:

#重寫clean方法

def clean(self):
        #程序能走到該函數,前面校驗已經經過了,因此能夠從cleaned_data中取出密碼和確認密碼 
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:
            if pwd==r_pwd:
                return self.cleaned_data
            else:
                raise ValidationError('兩次密碼不一致')
        else:

            return self.cleaned_data
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