CASE 多是 SQL 中被誤用最多的關鍵字之一。雖然你可能之前用過這個關鍵字來建立字段,可是它還具備更多用法。例如,你能夠在 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE。
首先讓咱們看一下 CASE 的語法。在通常的 SELECT 中,其語法以下: html
SELECT <myColumnSpec> =
CASE
WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA>
WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB>
ELSE <somethingE>
END
在上面的代碼中須要用具體的參數代替尖括號中的內容。下面是一個簡單的例子: spa
1 USE pubs 2 GO 3 SELECT 4 Title, 5 'Price Range' = 6 CASE 7 WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 8 WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 9 WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 10 ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 11 END 12 FROM titles 13 ORDER BY price 14 GO
這是 CASE 的典型用法,可是使用 CASE 其實能夠作更多的事情。比方說下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE: code
1 SELECT 'Number of Titles', Count(*) 2 FROM titles 3 GROUP BY 4 CASE 5 WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 6 WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 7 WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 8 ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 9 END 10 GO
你甚至還能夠組合這些選項,添加一個 ORDER BY 子句,以下所示:htm
1 USE pubs 2 GO 3 SELECT 4 CASE 5 WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 6 WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 7 WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 8 ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 9 END AS Range, 10 Title 11 FROM titles 12 GROUP BY 13 CASE 14 WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 15 WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 16 WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 17 ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 18 END, 19 Title 20 ORDER BY 21 CASE 22 WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 23 WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 24 WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 25 ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 26 END, 27 Title 28 GO
注意:爲了在 GROUP BY 塊中使用 CASE,查詢語句須要在 GROUP BY 塊中重複 SELECT 塊中的 CASE 塊。
除了選擇自定義字段以外,在不少狀況下 CASE 都很是有用。再深刻一步,你還能夠獲得你之前認爲不可能獲得的分組排序結果集blog
實際應用(代碼②處 ):http://www.cnblogs.com/dshore123/p/8057991.html排序
本文轉至:https://www.cnblogs.com/janes/archive/2009/03/23/1419527.htmlget
做者:DSHOREit 出處:http://www.cnblogs.com/dshore123/table 歡迎轉載,轉載務必說明出處。(若是本文對你有用,能夠點擊一下右下角的 推薦,謝謝!)class |