ArrayList 既是開發人員在平常開發過程當中常常會用到的數據處理容器,也是面試場景中常常會被問到的點。包括LinkedList,HashMap,SparseArray等。所以對這些個數據結構的源碼,仍是頗有必要了解一下的。其餘的幾種容器,在後面的文章再作講解。RT,本文主要講解ArrayList。java
/** * Default initial capacity. */
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/** * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances. */
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/** * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when * first element is added. */
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. */
// Android-note: Also accessed from java.util.Collections
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
/** * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains). * * @serial */
private int size;
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ArrayList默認的capacity是10,elemenData是重點,他就是用來儲存數據的;EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA和DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA它們是區別是一個size是0,一個是10.在看ArrayList的構造函數時就能夠清晰的感覺到它們的區別。面試
/** * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity. * * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity * is negative */
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
/** * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. */
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
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經過上面的代碼,瞭解到,若是沒有設置capacity參數的話,會把DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA的引用傳給elementData。若是傳進來的capacity的大小爲0的話,則EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA會被賦給elementData。數組
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
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private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
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前兩個方法我就不說了,邏輯很簡單,一看就知道。grow這個方法是擴容的核心方法,當須要擴容的時候,先記錄以前的數組大小,新的數組大小是以前的1.5倍,"oldCapacity >> 1"表示右移一位,是除2操做。緊接着是兩個條件判斷來決定最終的擴容後的大小。可是通常這個兩個條件不會走進去的。除非調用了ensureCapacity(int minCapacity),這個方法來自行決定擴容後的大小,那麼就頗有可能走進if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)條件裏。而後就是經過安全
Arrays.copyOf微信
方法,建立一個新的數組指向elementData。這就是ArrayList的擴容機制,比較簡單。數據結構
public E get(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
return (E) elementData[index];
}
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public E set(int index, E element) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
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上面是ArrayList的get,set操做,是否是很簡單,由於是用的數據這個結構來存儲數據,因此,get、set操做,賊方便和迅速。多線程
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
/** * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices). * * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted * @param element element to be inserted * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */
public void add(int index, E element) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
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public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
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public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
int numMoved = size - index;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,
numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
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add系列的操做,在插入數據以前都須要先進行一個是否須要擴容的判斷,若是須要的話,就走以前咱們分析的擴容邏輯。接着呢,若是須要插入指定位置的,也就是須要進行數據移位操做的,經過System.arraycopy方法,來移動數據,接着在指定位置上直接設置進去就行了。你們能夠根據上面的代碼邏輯,本身在腦海裏想象或者在紙上筆畫一下就明白了。併發
public E remove(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
modCount++;
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
/** * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, * if it is present. If the list does not contain the element, it is * unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest index * <tt>i</tt> such that * <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt> * (if such an element exists). Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list * changed as a result of the call). * * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element */
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/* * Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not * return the value removed. */
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
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remove系列的操做,主要是先經過循環遍歷,定位到要刪除對象的index,而後再經過arraycopy方法,來作數據移動,最後把數據的最後一位數給置爲null,方便GC回收。ide
1.定義:函數
經過ArrayList的iterator(),listIterator()等方法返回的迭代器,這些返回的iterator的方法是fail-fast,即這些iterator被建立了(這是前提),而後若是iterator對應的list發生告終構性的修改,好比:add、remove方法。那麼就會致使ConcurrentModificationException。
可能一開始看這個定義有點不是很理解,咱們來分析分析這個定義。上面的定義咱們抓住了一個主語,iterator,這是主要核心,而後修飾iterator的是:經過ArrayList的iterator(),listIterator()建立的iterator,這是一個點,接着一個注意的點是:是iterator對應的list發生結構性修改,這個含義是,調用了ArrayList的add,remove等方法,並非iterator的remove,next等方法。
咱們先看第一個點:
/** * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper * sequence). * * <p>The returned list iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>. * * @see #listIterator(int) */
public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
return new ListItr(0);
}
/** * Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence. * * <p>The returned iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>. * * @return an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence */
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}
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上面兩個方法,是定義中,ArrayList的兩個建立iterator的方法,咱們看看建立出來的iterator到底有什麼特殊,爲啥子,只要建立了iterator,就頗有可能出現ConcurrentModificationException,即fail-fast現象。
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
// Android-changed: Add "limit" field to detect end of iteration.
// The "limit" of this iterator. This is the size of the list at the time the
// iterator was created. Adding & removing elements will invalidate the iteration
// anyway (and cause next() to throw) so saving this value will guarantee that the
// value of hasNext() remains stable and won't flap between true and false when elements
// are added and removed from the list.
protected int limit = ArrayList.this.size;
int cursor; // index of next element to return
int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
int expectedModCount = modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor < limit;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= limit)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
try {
ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
cursor = lastRet;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount;
limit--;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size) {
return;
}
final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
}
// update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
cursor = i;
lastRet = i - 1;
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
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這個是建立出來的iterator,類比較小,就把代碼全貼了,這個類裏面咱們看到很多拋ConcurrentModificationException異常的代碼。拋出這個異常的條件是什麼呢?
有兩個,一個是:
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
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一個是:
if (i >= elementData.length) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
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咱們看第一個條件,modCount是ArrayList的成員變量,expectedModCount是Itr的成員變量,當Itr被建立的時候,expectedModCount被賦值爲此時的modCount的值,僅在執行Itr的remove方法時會被再次賦值,其餘場景不在變化。可是modCount是ArrayList的成員變量,在ArrayList進行數據結構上的修改的時候就會發生變化,例如:
public E remove(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
modCount++;
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
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modCount++在上面的代碼咱們很明顯的看到,那麼這就會出現問題,假如咱們在建立好iterator了,此刻modCount是5,那expectedModCount固然也是5,而後,咱們執行了ArrayList的remove或者add等會讓modCount的值發生修改的方法,而後modCount值改變了,可是expectedModCount值沒變,那下次再執行Itr(迭代器)裏面的方法就會出現modCount!=expectedModCount的狀況,也就會拋出了ConcurrentModificationException異常。
第二個條件呢,是elementData.length發生的變化,和第一個條件原理是一致,表如今稍有不一樣,就不在細說,可自行分析。
2.注意的點
3.解決fail-fast問題
既然知道了出現ConcurrentModificationException異常的緣由,那解決的方法就是不知足這個條件就能夠了,解決的方法是開放,多樣的。好比能夠用Itr(迭代器)內部的remove,next等修改結構的方法達處處理數據的目的。
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