python中turtle庫的簡單介紹

本文在原文的基礎上作了一些改動與刪減 [轉]https://www.cnblogs.com/chen0307/articles/9645138.html

【python繪圖庫turtle的介紹與學習】

在英語中turtle的意思：海龜;(任何種類的)龜;陸龜;水龜;鱉
Turtle庫是Python語言中一個很流行的繪製圖像的函數庫，所以咱們能夠想象一個小烏龜，在一個橫軸爲x、縱軸爲y的座標系原點，(0,0)位置開始，它根據一組函數指令的控制，在這個平面座標系中移動，從而在它爬行的路徑上繪製了圖形。下面是turtle庫的指令集：




利用turtle庫畫出一個五角星

# coding=utf-8
import turtle
import time

turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.pencolor("yellow")
turtle.fillcolor("red")

turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(5):
    turtle.forward(200)
    turtle.right(144)
turtle.end_fill()
time.sleep(2)

turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150, -120)
turtle.color("violet")
turtle.write("Done", font=('Arial', 40, 'normal'))

turtle.mainloop()

效果：

畫出一個時鐘的程序：

# coding=utf-8

import turtle
from datetime import *

def Skip(step):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(step)
    turtle.pendown()


def mkHand(name, length):
    # 註冊Turtle形狀，創建錶針Turtle
    turtle.reset()
    Skip(-length * 0.1)
    # 開始記錄多邊形的頂點。當前的烏龜位置是多邊形的第一個頂點。
    turtle.begin_poly()
    turtle.forward(length * 1.1)
    # 中止記錄多邊形的頂點。當前的烏龜位置是多邊形的最後一個頂點。將與第一個頂點相連。
    turtle.end_poly()
    # 返回最後記錄的多邊形。
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)


def Init():
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer
    # 重置Turtle指向北
    turtle.mode("logo")
    # 創建三個錶針Turtle並初始化
    mkHand("secHand", 135)
    mkHand("minHand", 125)
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()
    secHand.shape("secHand")
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()
    minHand.shape("minHand")
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")

    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
        hand.speed(0)

    # 創建輸出文字Turtle
    printer = turtle.Turtle()
    # 隱藏畫筆的turtle形狀
    printer.hideturtle()
    printer.penup()


def SetupClock(radius):
    # 創建表的外框
    turtle.reset()
    turtle.pensize(7)
    for i in range(60):
        Skip(radius)
        if i % 5 == 0:
            turtle.forward(20)
            Skip(-radius - 20)

            Skip(radius + 20)
            if i == 0:
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            elif i == 30:
                Skip(25)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-25)
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):
                Skip(20)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-20)
            else:
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            Skip(-radius - 20)
        else:
            turtle.dot(5)
            Skip(-radius)
        turtle.right(6)


def Week(t):
    week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",
            "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
    return week[t.weekday()]


def Date(t):
    y = t.year
    m = t.month
    d = t.day
    return "%s %d%d" % (y, m, d)


def Tick():
    # 繪製錶針的動態顯示
    t = datetime.today()
    second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
    minute = t.minute + second / 60.0
    hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0
    secHand.setheading(6 * second)
    minHand.setheading(6 * minute)
    hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)

    turtle.tracer(False)
    printer.forward(65)
    printer.write(Week(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.back(130)
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.home()
    turtle.tracer(True)

    # 100ms後繼續調用tick
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)


def main():
    # 打開/關閉龜動畫，併爲更新圖紙設置延遲。
    turtle.tracer(False)
    Init()
    SetupClock(160)
    turtle.tracer(True)
    Tick()
    turtle.mainloop()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

turtle.mainloop()

效果如圖：