Nginx rewrite 重寫功能和Nginx的正則表達式

1、 Rewrite 跳轉實現
服務協議功能模塊
url 資源定位路徑

• nginx————支持url重寫、支持if條件判斷，但不支持else
• 跳轉————循環最多能夠執行10次，超事後nginx將返回500代碼錯誤
• rewrite————使用nginx’全局變量或本身設置的變量，結合正則表達式和標誌位實現url重寫以及重定向
  
  2、Rewrite 使用場景
• 使用rewrite進行匹配跳轉
• 使用if匹配全局變量後跳轉
• 使用location匹配再跳轉
  1.rewrite放在 server{}，if{}，location{}段中
  2.對域名或參數字符串：使用if全局變量匹配、使用proxy_pass反向代理
  3、nginx正則表達式
  經常使用的正則表達式元字符
  
  4、Rewrite 命令
  
  location分類
  
  正則匹配的經常使用表達式
  
  5、location優先級
  按優先級排列：
• = 類型
• ^~ 類型表達式
• 正則表達式（和)類型
• 常規字符串匹配類型，按前綴匹配
• 通用匹配（/），若是沒有其餘匹配，任何請求都會匹配到
  location優先級規則（從高到低排列）
  1.匹配某個具體的文件
• location = 完整路徑
• location ^~ 完整路徑
• location ~* 完整路徑
• location ~ 完整路徑
• location 完整路徑
• location /
  2.用目錄作匹配訪問某個文件
• location = 目錄
• location ^~ 目錄
• location ~ 目錄
• location ~* 目錄
• location 目錄

• location /
  6、應用場景測試
  公司舊域名 www.domain.com 因業務需求有變動，須要使用新域名 www.newdomain.com 代替，不能廢除舊域名，從舊域名跳轉到新域名，且保持其參數不變

  [root@localhost bin]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
  獲取http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
  警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.IHyTHc: 頭V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
  準備中...                          ################################# [100%]
  正在升級/安裝...
  1:nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx ################################# [100%]
  [root@localhost bin]# yum install nginx -y

  [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /abc
  [root@localhost ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.56.1 /mnt
  Password for root@//192.168.254.10/linuxs:  
  [root@localhost ~]# cd /abc/LNMP-C7/LNMP-C7/
  [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# ls
  Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
  mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
  ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
  php-5.6.11.tar.bz2
  php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
  php-7.1.20.tar.bz2
  php-7.1.20.tar.gz
  zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64_update1.tar.gz
  [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt

  [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
  [root@localhost LNMP-C7]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.2/
  [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ls
  auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html     man     src
  CHANGES  conf        contrib    LICENSE  README
  [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel make zlib-devel -y
  [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
  [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install

  [root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
  37         server_name  www.accp.com;
  41         access_log  logs/www.accp.com/access.log  main;

  [root@localhost conf]# yum install bind -y
  [root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.conf 
  13         listen-on port 53 { any; };
  21         allow-query     { any; };
  [root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
  25 zone "accp.com" IN {
  26         type master;
  27         file "accp.com.zone";
  28         allow-update { none; };
  29 };
  [root@localhost conf]# cd /var/named/
  [root@localhost named]# ls
  data     named.ca     named.localhost  slaves
  dynamic  named.empty  named.loopback
  [root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost accp.com.zone
  [root@localhost named]# vim accp.com.zone 
  www     IN      A       192.168.247.202
  [root@localhost named]# systemctl start named
  [root@localhost named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
  [root@localhost named]# setenforce 0
  [root@localhost named]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
  [root@localhost named]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
  [root@localhost nginx]# ls
  conf  html  logs  sbin
  [root@localhost nginx]# cd logs/
  [root@localhost logs]# mkdir www.accp.com
  [root@localhost logs]# ls
  error.log  www.accp.com
  [root@localhost logs]# nginx 
  [root@localhost logs]# netstat -natp | grep 80
  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6

  打開win10客戶機，配置dns服務器，並使用域名訪問。
  
  

  [root@localhost logs]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  
      location / {
         #域名重定向
  ‘                 if ($host = 'www.accp.com') {
  ’                       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.kgc.com/$1 permanent;
  ‘               }
               root /html;
               index index.html index.htm;
      }

  [root@localhost logs]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
  zone "kgc.com" IN {
      type master;
      file "kgc.com.zone";
      allow-update { none; };
  };
  [root@localhost logs]# cd /var/named/
  [root@localhost named]# ls
  accp.com.zone  dynamic   named.empty      named.loopback
  data           named.ca  named.localhost  slaves
  [root@localhost named]# cp -p accp.com.zone kgc.com.zone

  [root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
  [root@localhost named]# killall -1 nginx

  [root@localhost html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  37         server_name  bbs.accp.com;
  42         location /post {
  43                 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com/bbs$1 permanent;
  44         }

  [root@localhost html]# cd -
  /var/named
  [root@localhost named]# vim accp.com.zone 
  [root@localhost named]# cat accp.com.zone 
  $TTL 1D
  @   IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                  0   ; serial
                  1D  ; refresh
                  1H  ; retry
                  1W  ; expire
                  3H )    ; minimum
  NS  @
  A   127.0.0.1
  bbs IN  A   192.168.247.202

  [root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx
  [root@localhost named]# nginx
  [root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named

  
  基於客戶端IP訪問跳轉

  [root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  
  42 #設置是否合法的IP標誌
  43         set $rewrite true;
  44 #判斷是否爲合法IP,是不是容許的IP
  45         if ($remote_addr = "192.168.247.139"){
  46                 set $rewrite false;
  47         }
  48 #不被容許的IP進行判斷，打上標記
  49         if ($rewrite = true){
  50                 rewrite (.+) /maintenance.html;
  51         }
  52 #匹配標記進行跳轉站點
  53         location = /maintenance.html {
  54                 root html;
  55         }

  [root@localhost named]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
  [root@localhost html]# ls
  50x.html  index.html
  [root@localhost html]# vim maintenance.html
  [root@localhost html]# killall -3 nginx 
  [root@localhost html]# nginx

  
  
  基於參數匹配的跳轉———跳轉到首頁
  

  [root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  37         server_name  www.accp.com;
  42         if ($request_uri ~ ^/100-(100|200)-(\d+).html$){
  43                 rewrite (.*) http://www.accp.com permanent;
  44         }
  [root@localhost named]# vim accp.com.zone 
  [root@localhost named]# cat accp.com.zone 
  $TTL 1D
  @   IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                  0   ; serial
                  1D  ; refresh
                  1H  ; retry
                  1W  ; expire
                  3H )    ; minimum
  NS  @
  A   127.0.0.1
  www IN  A   192.168.247.202

  [root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
  [root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx
  [root@localhost named]# nginx

  
  
  基於目錄下全部PHP文件跳轉

  [root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  42         location ~* /upload/.*\.php$ {
  43                 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent;
  44         }

  [root@localhost named]# nginx -t
  nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  [root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx
  [root@localhost named]# nginx

  
  
  基於最普通URL請求的跳轉——跳轉到首頁

  [root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  42         location ~* ^/abc/123.html {
  43                 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent;
  44         }

  
  
  基於最普通URL請求的跳轉——跳轉到首頁

  [root@localhost named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  42         location ~* ^/abc/123.html {
  43                 rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent;
  44         }

  [root@localhost named]# killall -3 nginx
  [root@localhost named]# nginx