Java數組擴容的原理java
1)Java數組對象的大小是固定不變的,數組對象是不可擴容的。算法
2)利用數組複製方法能夠變通的實現數組擴容。編程
3)System.arraycopy()能夠複製數組。數組
4)Arrays.copyOf()能夠簡便的建立數組副本。性能優化
5)建立數組副本的同時將數組長度增長就變通的實現了數組的擴容。app
源碼展現:ide
1 public class Arrays { 2 /** 3 * @param original: the array to be copied 4 * @param newLength: the length of the copy to be returned 5 * @return a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros 6 * to obtain the specified length 7 */ 8 public static int[] copyOf(int[] original, int newLength) { 9 int[] copy = new int[newLength]; 10 System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, 11 Math.min(original.length, newLength)); 12 return copy; 13 } 14 /** 15 * @param original the array from which a range is to be copied 16 * @param from the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive 17 * @param to the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. 18 * (This index may lie outside the array.) 19 * @return a new array containing the specified range from the original array, 20 * truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length 21 */ 22 public static int[] copyOfRange(int[] original, int from, int to) { 23 int newLength = to - from; 24 if (newLength < 0) 25 throw new IllegalArgumentException(from + " > " + to); 26 int[] copy = new int[newLength]; 27 System.arraycopy(original, from, copy, 0, 28 Math.min(original.length - from, newLength)); 29 return copy; 30 } 31 }
示例說明:性能
1 import java.util.Arrays; 2 3 /** 數組變長算法! 4 * 數組對象長度不可改變 5 * 可是不少實際應用須要長度可變的數組 6 * 能夠採用複製爲容量更大的新數組, 替換原數組, 實現變長操做 7 * */ 8 public class ArrayExpand { 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 //數組變長(擴容)算法! 11 int[] ary={1,2,3}; 12 ary=Arrays.copyOf(ary, ary.length+1); 13 ary[ary.length-1]=4; 14 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ary));//[1, 2, 3, 4] 15 //字符串鏈接原理 16 char[] chs = { '中', '國' }; 17 chs = Arrays.copyOf(chs, chs.length + 1); 18 chs[chs.length - 1] = '北'; 19 chs = Arrays.copyOf(chs, chs.length + 1); 20 chs[chs.length - 1] = '京'; 21 //字符數組按照字符串打印 22 System.out.println(chs);//中國北京 23 //其餘數組按照對象打印 24 System.out.println(ary);//[I@4f1d0d 25 } 26 }
實現案例:優化
案例1 : 統計一個字符在字符串中的全部位置.
字符串: 統計一個字符在字符串中的全部位置
字符: '字'
返回: {4,7}ui
1 public class CountCharDemo { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 char key = '字'; 4 String str = "統計一個字符在字符串中的全部位置"; 5 int[] count=count(str,key); 6 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(count));//[4, 7] 7 } 8 public static int[] count(String str,char key){ 9 int[] count={}; 10 for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){ 11 char c=str.charAt(i); 12 if(c==key){ 13 //擴展數組 14 count=Arrays.copyOf(count, count.length+1); 15 //添加序號i 16 count[count.length-1]=i; 17 } 18 } 19 return count; 20 } 21 }
char[]、String、StringBuilder
char[]:字符序列, 只有字符數據, 沒有操做, 若是算法優秀, 性能最好。
String: char[] + 方法(操做, API功能)
StringBuilder: char[] + 方法(操做char[] 的內容)
String:內部包含內容不可變的char[],表現爲String對象不可變。String包含操做(API方法),是對char[]操做,但不改變原對象常常返回新的對象,不少String API提供了複雜的性能優化算法,如:靜態字符串池。
StringBuilder:內部也是一個char[],可是這個數組內容是可變的,而且自動維護擴容算法,由於數據內容可變,因此叫:可變字符串。StringBuilder API方法,是動態維護char[]內容,均可以改變char[]內容。
1 public abstract class AbstractStringBuilder { 2 /** The value is used for character storage.*/ 3 char value[]; 4 /** The count is the number of characters used.*/ 5 int count; 6 /** Returns the length (character count).*/ 7 public int length() { 8 return count; 9 } 10 11 public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { 12 if (str == null) 13 str = "null"; 14 int len = str.length(); 15 if (len == 0) 16 return this; 17 int newCount = count + len; 18 if (newCount > value.length) 19 expandCapacity(newCount); 20 str.getChars(0, len, value, count); 21 count = newCount; 22 return this; 23 } 24 25 /** 26 * 自動實現Java數組擴容 27 */ 28 void expandCapacity(int minimumCapacity) { 29 int newCapacity = (value.length + 1) * 2; 30 if (newCapacity < 0) { 31 newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE; 32 } else if (minimumCapacity > newCapacity) { 33 newCapacity = minimumCapacity; 34 } 35 value = Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity); 36 } 37 }
字符串數組與String類的原理
1 /** 字符串數組與String類的原理 */ 2 public class CharArrayDemo { 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 /* Java 能夠將char[]做爲字符串處理 */ 5 char[] ch1={'中','國','北','京'}; 6 char[] ch2={'歡','迎','您'}; 7 System.out.println(ch1);//中國北京 8 System.out.println(ch2);//歡迎您 9 /* char[]運算須要編程處理,如鏈接: */ 10 char[] ch3=Arrays.copyOf(ch1, ch1.length+ch2.length); 11 System.arraycopy(ch2, 0, ch3, ch1.length, ch2.length); 12 System.out.println(ch3);//中國北京歡迎您 13 /* String API提供了簡潔的鏈接運算: */ 14 String str1="中國北京"; 15 String str2="歡迎您"; 16 String str3=str1.concat(str2); 17 System.out.println(str3);//中國北京歡迎您 18 /* 字符串轉大寫: */ 19 char[] ch4={'A','a','c','f'}; 20 char[] ch5=Arrays.copyOf(ch4, ch4.length); 21 for(int i=0;i<ch5.length;i++){ 22 char c=ch5[i]; 23 if(c>='a' && c<='z'){ 24 ch5[i]=(char)(c+('A'-'a')); 25 } 26 } 27 System.out.println(ch5);//AACF, 原數組ch4不變 28 String str4="Aacf"; 29 String str5=str4.toUpperCase();//原字符串str4保持不變 30 System.out.println(str5);//AACF 31 } 32 }