[LeetCode] 794. Valid Tic-Tac-Toe State 驗證井字棋狀態

 

A Tic-Tac-Toe board is given as a string array board. Return True if and only if it is possible to reach this board position during the course of a valid tic-tac-toe game.html

The board is a 3 x 3 array, and consists of characters " ""X", and "O".  The " " character represents an empty square.git

Here are the rules of Tic-Tac-Toe:github

  • Players take turns placing characters into empty squares (" ").
  • The first player always places "X" characters, while the second player always places "O" characters.
  • "X" and "O" characters are always placed into empty squares, never filled ones.
  • The game ends when there are 3 of the same (non-empty) character filling any row, column, or diagonal.
  • The game also ends if all squares are non-empty.
  • No more moves can be played if the game is over.
Example 1:
Input: board = ["O  ", "   ", "   "]
Output: false
Explanation: The first player always plays "X".

Example 2:
Input: board = ["XOX", " X ", "   "]
Output: false
Explanation: Players take turns making moves.

Example 3:
Input: board = ["XXX", "   ", "OOO"]
Output: false

Example 4:
Input: board = ["XOX", "O O", "XOX"]
Output: true

Note:this

  • board is a length-3 array of strings, where each string board[i] has length 3.
  • Each board[i][j] is a character in the set {" ", "X", "O"}.

 

這道題又是關於井字棋遊戲的,以前也有一道相似的題 Design Tic-Tac-Toe,不過那道題是模擬遊戲進行的,而這道題是讓驗證當前井字棋的遊戲狀態是否正確。這題的例子給的比較好,cover 了不少種狀況:spa

 

狀況一:code

0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

 

這是不正確的狀態,由於先走的使用X,因此只出現一個O,是不對的。htm

 

狀況二:blog

X O X _ X _ _ _ _

 

這個也是不正確的,由於兩個 player 交替下棋,X最多隻能比O多一個,這裏多了兩個,確定是不對的。遊戲

 

狀況三:ci

X X X _ _ _ O O O

 

這個也是不正確的,由於一旦第一個玩家的X連成了三個,那麼遊戲立刻結束了,不會有另一個O出現。

 

狀況四:

X O X O _ O X O X

 

這個狀態沒什麼問題,是能夠出現的狀態。

好,那麼根據給的這些例子,能夠分析一下規律,根據例子1和例子2得出下棋順序是有規律的,必須是先X後O,不能破壞這個順序,那麼可使用一個 turns 變量,當是X時,turns 自增1,反之如果O,則 turns 自減1,那麼最終 turns 必定是0或者1,其餘任何值都是錯誤的,好比例子1中,turns 就是 -1,例子2中,turns 是2,都是不對的。根據例子3,能夠得出結論,只能有一個玩家獲勝,能夠用兩個變量 xwin 和 owin,來記錄兩個玩家的獲勝狀態,因爲井字棋的制勝規則是橫豎斜任意一個方向有三個連續的就算贏,那麼分別在各個方向查找3個連續的X,有的話 xwin 賦值爲 true,還要查找3個連續的O,有的話 owin 賦值爲 true,例子3中 xwin 和 owin 同時爲 true 了,是錯誤的。還有一種狀況,例子中沒有 cover 到的是:

 

狀況五:

X X X O O _ O _ _

 

這裏雖然只有 xwin 爲 true,可是這種狀態仍是錯誤的,由於一旦第三個X放下後,遊戲當即結束,不會有第三個O放下,這麼檢驗這種狀況呢?這時 turns 變量就很是的重要了,當第三個O放下後,turns 自減1,此時 turns 爲0了,而正確的應該是當 xwin 爲 true 的時候,第三個O不能放下,那麼 turns 不減1,則仍是1,這樣就能夠區分狀況五了。固然,能夠交換X和O的位置,即當 owin 爲 true 時,turns 必定要爲0。如今已經覆蓋了搜索的狀況了,參見代碼以下:

 

class Solution { public: bool validTicTacToe(vector<string>& board) { bool xwin = false, owin = false; vector<int> row(3), col(3); int diag = 0, antidiag = 0, turns = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) { if (board[i][j] == 'X') { ++row[i]; ++col[j]; ++turns; if (i == j) ++diag; if (i + j == 2) ++antidiag; } else if (board[i][j] == 'O') { --row[i]; --col[j]; --turns; if (i == j) --diag; if (i + j == 2) --antidiag; } } } xwin = row[0] == 3 || row[1] == 3 || row[2] == 3 || col[0] == 3 || col[1] == 3 || col[2] == 3 || diag == 3 || antidiag == 3; owin = row[0] == -3 || row[1] == -3 || row[2] == -3 || col[0] == -3 || col[1] == -3 || col[2] == -3 || diag == -3 || antidiag == -3; if ((xwin && turns == 0) || (owin && turns == 1)) return false; return (turns == 0 || turns == 1) && (!xwin || !owin); } };

 

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/794

 

相似題目:

Design Tic-Tac-Toe

 

參考資料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-tic-tac-toe-state/

https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-tic-tac-toe-state/discuss/117580/Straightforward-Java-solution-with-explaination

 

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