django 部署，gunicorn、virtualenv、nginx

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使用gunicorn 來部署django

django寫代碼簡單，但部署是個難題，今天終於發現gunicorn 這個好東西，與你們一塊兒分享。

 

環境：ubuntu 14.04 64bit + django 1.6.5 + virtualenv + gunicorn

1、建立虛擬環境

root@recall:/home/www# pwd
/home/www

root@recall:/home/www# virtualenv bugenv

New python executable in bugenv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.

root@recall:/home/www# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 21 12:34 ../
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:05 bugenv/
....................................(這一行是私人數據，這裏不影響，因此不顯示了)

 

2、進入虛擬環境

root@recall:/home/www# cd bugenv/
root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# source bin/activate
(bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#

 

3、下載django和gunicorn
pip install django==1.6.5
pip install gunicorn

 1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install django==1.6.5
 2 Downloading/unpacking django==1.6.5
 3   Downloading Django-1.6.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.7MB): 6.7MB downloaded
 4 Installing collected packages: django
 5 Successfully installed django
 6 Cleaning up...
 7 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install gunicorn
 8 Downloading/unpacking gunicorn
 9   Downloading gunicorn-19.0.0.tar.gz (382kB): 382kB downloaded
10   Running setup.py (path:/home/www/bugenv/build/gunicorn/setup.py) egg_info for package gunicorn
11     
12     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
13     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
14     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
15     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
16     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'
17     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'
18 Installing collected packages: gunicorn
19   Running setup.py install for gunicorn
20     
21     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
22     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
23     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
24     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
25     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'
26     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'
27       File "/home/www/bugenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.py", line 67
28         yield from self.wsgi.close()
29                  ^
30     SyntaxError: invalid syntax
31     
32     Installing gunicorn_paster script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
33     Installing gunicorn script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
34     Installing gunicorn_django script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
35 Successfully installed gunicorn
36 Cleaning up...
37 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# 

下載django和gunicorn

4、建立django項目和django app

django-admin.py startproject bugproject
python manages.py startapp bugapp

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# ls
2 bin include lib local
3 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# mkdir djcode
4 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# cd djcode/
5 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# django-admin.py startproject bugproject
6 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# cd bugproject/
7 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# python manage.py startapp bugapp

 

5、設置django 的settings.py文件
添加app，最後結果以下：

 1 INSTALLED_APPS = (
 2     'django.contrib.admin',
 3     'django.contrib.auth',
 4     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 5     'django.contrib.sessions',
 6     'django.contrib.messages',
 7     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 8     # add app
 9     'bugapp',
10     'gunicorn',
11 )

 

6、運行gunicorn

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# pwd
2 /home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject
3 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010

若是沒有問題，程序就掛起了。
若是你要操做其它東西，你最好使用nohup或screen

7、測試

7.1 我這裏用的是nohup運行的(也就是說，上面六的最後一行命令變成了下面這一行)

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# nohup gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010&

而後用tail查看nohup.out，沒有任何信息就對了

7.2 查看端口

1 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# netstat -lpnt 
2 Active Internet connections (only servers)
3 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
5 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/nginx       
6 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9842/python     
7 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:******          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8387/python     
8 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:*****           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      689/python        
9 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:****            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1013/python  

 

咱們使用的1010端口已經被佔用了

7.3 使用curl 進行測試
root@recall:~# curl 127.0.0.1:1010
結果以下：

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en"><head>
 3   <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 4   <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"><title>Welcome to Django</title>
 5   <style type="text/css">
 6     html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
 7     body * { padding:10px 20px; }
 8     body * * { padding:0; }
 9     body { font:small sans-serif; }
10     body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
11     h1 { font-weight:normal; }
12     h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }
13     h2 span { font-size:80%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
14     h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }
15     h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }
16     table { border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; background:white; }
17     tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
18     thead th { padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd; }
19     tbody th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
20     #summary { background: #e0ebff; }
21     #summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }
22     #explanation { background:#eee; }
23     #instructions { background:#f6f6f6; }
24     #summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }
25   </style>
26 </head>
27 
28 <body>
29 <div id="summary">
30   <h1>It worked!</h1>
31   <h2>Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.</h2>
32 </div>
33 
34 <div id="instructions">
35   <p>
36     Of course, you haven't actually done any work yet.
37     Next, start your first app by running <code>python manage.py startapp [appname]</code>.
38   </p>
39 </div>
40 
41 <div id="explanation">
42   <p>
43     You're seeing this message because you have <code>DEBUG = True</code> in your
44     Django settings file and you haven't configured any URLs. Get to work!
45   </p>
46 </div>
47 </body></html>

 

8、配置nginx
8.1 只有127.0.0.1:1010能訪問時不夠的，咱們還須要配置nginx

root@recall:~# vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf

 1     server{
 2         listen 80;
 3         resolver 8.8.8.8;
 4         server_name www.xxoo.com;
 5 
 6         location / {
 7                 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1010;
 8                 proxy_set_header Host $host;
 9                 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
10                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
11         }
12     }

至於靜態文件，本身百度、谷歌配置就行了。

8.2 測試配置文件

1 root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t
2 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
3 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

 

8.3 nginx 從新加載配置文件root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload