每天生鮮項目學習之-項目建立

時間 2019-12-04

標籤每天項目學習建立简体版

原文原文鏈接

在這邊我是基於Macpython

項目建立

項目建立以前咱們新建一個數據庫, 下面是操做步驟mysql

xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bin xxzx$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 114
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| bj18               |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.10 sec)

mysql> create database dailyfresh charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.09 sec)
mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| bj18               |
| dailyfresh         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use dailyfresh;
Database changed
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要注意的是,若是咱們鏈接的不是本地的數據庫, 咱們須要作一些特殊配置. 這裏我使用本機作一下操做git

首先咱們要修改當前數據庫綁定的ip地址, 找到正確路徑下的配置

1. 打開終端Terminal

在 PyCharm 中也能夠經過終端操做, 在這裏咱們經過PyCharm內的終端打開sql

xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bin xxzx$ cd ~/Desktop/python/bj18/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bj18 xxzx$ django-admin startproject dailyfresh
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bj18 xxzx$ cd dailyfresh/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ ls
dailyfresh      manage.py
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp user
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp goods
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp cart
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp order
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ ls
cart            dailyfresh      goods           manage.py       order           user

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經過PyCharm打開項目

通常狀況下, 項目的應用比較多,咱們會在項目中新建一個 package 把全部的應用放到這個文件夾下面數據庫

咱們以後要在註冊的應用中添加以下

若是咱們將來方便,不想寫如 apps.user 這種咱們能夠本身定義搜索路徑,以下django

其中的 BASE_DIR 至關於當前項目的目錄直接拼接便可,這樣咱們在下面 INSTALLED_APPS 中直接輸入便可,以下bash

以後咱們作一些基礎配置,templates, 新增文件夾微信

配置靜態文件路徑session

在每一個應用中添加一個urls.py文件app

新建一個 package 的 db 文件夾做爲抽象基類

在當前項目中須要用到 tinymce 這個安裝包咱們能夠在 PyCharm 的底部找到 Terminal 以下圖

在這裏安裝, 會自動安裝到當前環境中, 這這裏咱們須要作以下配置

根據咱們分析頁面中數據庫表中

分別在每一個應用中新建模型,具體代碼以下

user

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
    '''用戶模型類'''

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_user'
        verbose_name = '用戶'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Address(BaseModel):
    '''地址模型類'''
    user = models.ForeignKey('User', verbose_name='所屬帳戶')
    receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收件人')
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='收件地址')
    zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, null=True, verbose_name='郵政編碼')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='聯繫電話')
    is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否默認')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_address'
        verbose_name = '地址'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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goods

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
# Create your models here.


class GoodsType(BaseModel):
    '''商品類型模型類'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='種類名稱')
    logo = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='標識')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='type', verbose_name='商品類型圖片')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_type'
        verbose_name = '商品種類'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class GoodsSKU(BaseModel):
    '''商品SKU模型類'''
    status_choices = (
        (0, '下線'),
        (1, '上線'),
    )
    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品種類')
    goods = models.ForeignKey('Goods', verbose_name='商品SPU')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品名稱')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='商品簡介')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品價格')
    unite = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品單位')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='商品圖片')
    stock = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品庫存')
    sales = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='商品銷量')
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=status_choices, verbose_name='商品狀態')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_sku'
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Goods(BaseModel):
    '''商品SPU模型類'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品SPU名稱')
    # 富文本類型:帶有格式的文本
    detail = HTMLField(blank=True, verbose_name='商品詳情')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods'
        verbose_name = '商品SPU'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class GoodsImage(BaseModel):
    '''商品圖片模型類'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='圖片路徑')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_image'
        verbose_name = '商品圖片'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首頁輪播商品展現模型類'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='圖片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展現順序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_banner'
        verbose_name = '首頁輪播商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexTypeGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首頁分類商品展現模型類'''
    DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES = (
        (0, "標題"),
        (1, "圖片")
    )

    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品類型')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    display_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES, verbose_name='展現類型')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展現順序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_type_goods'
        verbose_name = "主頁分類展現商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexPromotionBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首頁促銷活動模型類'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='活動名稱')
    url = models.URLField(verbose_name='活動連接')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='活動圖片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展現順序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_promotion'
        verbose_name = "主頁促銷活動"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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cart

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
    '''訂單模型類'''
    PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
        (1, '貨到付款'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
        (3, '支付寶'),
        (4, '銀聯支付')
    )

    ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '待發貨'),
        (3, '待收貨'),
        (4, '待評價'),
        (5, '已完成')
    )

    order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='訂單id')
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用戶')
    addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
    pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
    total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品數量')
    total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品總價')
    transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='訂單運費')
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='訂單狀態')
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付編號')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_info'
        verbose_name = '訂單'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
    '''訂單商品模型類'''
    order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='訂單')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品數目')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品價格')
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='評論')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_goods'
        verbose_name = '訂單商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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order

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
    '''訂單模型類'''
    PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
        (1, '貨到付款'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
        (3, '支付寶'),
        (4, '銀聯支付')
    )

    ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '待發貨'),
        (3, '待收貨'),
        (4, '待評價'),
        (5, '已完成')
    )

    order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='訂單id')
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用戶')
    addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
    pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
    total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品數量')
    total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品總價')
    transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='訂單運費')
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='訂單狀態')
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付編號')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_info'
        verbose_name = '訂單'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
    '''訂單商品模型類'''
    order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='訂單')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品數目')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品價格')
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='評論')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_goods'
        verbose_name = '訂單商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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接下來咱們指定當前django系統使用的模型類

當咱們使用

xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python manage.py create superuser

這條命令去建立用戶的時候, django 會使用本身默認的模型類爲咱們建立帳戶具體帳戶信息以下下面是例子代碼

mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_bj18             |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group                 |
| auth_group_permissions     |
| auth_permission            |
| auth_user                  |
| auth_user_groups           |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| booktest_bookinfo          |
| booktest_heroinfo          |
| django_admin_log           |
| django_content_type        |
| django_migrations          |
| django_session             |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
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咱們會看到有一個 auth_user 這個表, 會有一個默認的 auth_user_model. 若是咱們不指定的話, 就是使用這個默認的model, 因此咱們在使用 python manage.py create superuser 命令去建立內容的時候, 就會默認放到 auth_user 這個表裏, 因此咱們須要使用以下方式指定使用的模型類

mysql> desc auth_user;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| password     | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_login   | datetime(6)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| is_superuser | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| username     | varchar(30)  | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
| first_name   | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name    | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email        | varchar(254) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_staff     | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_active    | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| date_joined  | datetime(6)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.03 sec)
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下面記錄一下遇到的問題

Django 2.0以後使用了新的方式,若是咱們創建了 apps 文件夾咱們在 project 下的 settings.py 中使用 'apps.user' 的方式引用

在 project 的 urls.py 下咱們若是想要使用命名空間, 以下的方式, 咱們須要在 apps 下的 user 這個應用中的 urls.py 這個文件中增長 app_name = 'user' 以下圖,不然會出問題(出現以下報錯)

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name instead.