1:神經網絡中,咱們經過最小化神經網絡來訓練網絡,因此在訓練時最後一層是損失函數層(LOSS),css
在測試時咱們經過準確率來評價該網絡的優劣,所以最後一層是準確率層(ACCURACY)。html
可是當咱們真正要使用訓練好的數據時,咱們須要的是網絡給咱們輸入結果,對於分類問題,咱們須要得到分類結果,以下右圖最後一層咱們獲得python
的是機率,咱們不須要訓練及測試階段的LOSS,ACCURACY層了。網絡
下圖是能過$CAFFE_ROOT/python/draw_net.py繪製$CAFFE_ROOT/models/caffe_reference_caffnet/train_val.prototxt , $CAFFE_ROOT/models/caffe_reference_caffnet/deploy.prototxt,分別表明訓練時與最後使用時的網絡結構。ide
咱們通常將train與test放在同一個.prototxt中,須要在data層輸入數據的source,函數
而在使用時.prototxt只須要定義輸入圖片的大小通道數據參數便可,以下圖所示,分別是學習
$CAFFE_ROOT/models/caffe_reference_caffnet/train_val.prototxt , $CAFFE_ROOT/models/caffe_reference_caffnet/deploy.prototxt的data層測試
訓練時, solver.prototxt中使用的是rain_val.prototxtui
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./build/tools/caffe/train -solver ./models/bvlc_reference_caffenet/solver.prototxt
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使用上面訓練的網絡提取特徵,使用的網絡模型是deploy.prototxtgoogle
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./build/tools/extract_features.bin models/bvlc_refrence_caffenet.caffemodel models/bvlc_refrence_caffenet/deploy.prototxt
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。。
2:
(1)介紹 *_train_test.prototxt文件與 *_deploy.prototxt文件的不http://blog.csdn.net/sunshine_in_moon/article/details/49472901
(2)生成deploy文件的Python代碼:http://www.cnblogs.com/denny402/p/5685818.html
*_train_test.prototxt文件:這是訓練與測試網絡配置文件
在博文http://www.cnblogs.com/denny402/p/5685818.html 中給出了生成 deploy.prototxt文件的Python源代碼,可是每一個網絡不一樣,修改起來比較麻煩,下面給出該博文中以mnist爲例生成deploy文件的源代碼,可根據本身網絡的設置作出相應修改:(下方代碼未測試)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from caffe import layers as L,params as P,to_proto root='/home/xxx/' deploy=root+'mnist/deploy.prototxt' #文件保存路徑 def create_deploy(): #少了第一層,data層 conv1=L.Convolution(bottom='data', kernel_size=5, stride=1,num_output=20, pad=0,weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) pool1=L.Pooling(conv1, pool=P.Pooling.MAX, kernel_size=2, stride=2) conv2=L.Convolution(pool1, kernel_size=5, stride=1,num_output=50, pad=0,weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) pool2=L.Pooling(conv2, pool=P.Pooling.MAX, kernel_size=2, stride=2) fc3=L.InnerProduct(pool2, num_output=500,weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) relu3=L.ReLU(fc3, in_place=True) fc4 = L.InnerProduct(relu3, num_output=10,weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) #最後沒有accuracy層,但有一個Softmax層 prob=L.Softmax(fc4) return to_proto(prob) def write_deploy(): with open(deploy, 'w') as f: f.write('name:"Lenet"\n') f.write('input:"data"\n') f.write('input_dim:1\n') f.write('input_dim:3\n') f.write('input_dim:28\n') f.write('input_dim:28\n') f.write(str(create_deploy())) if __name__ == '__main__': write_deploy()
用代碼生成deploy文件仍是比較麻煩。咱們在構建深度學習網絡時,確定會先定義好訓練與測試網絡的配置文件——*_train_test.prototxt文件,咱們能夠經過修改*_train_test.prototxt文件 來生成 deploy 文件。以cifar10爲例先簡單介紹一下二者的區別。
(1)deploy 文件中的數據層更爲簡單,即將*_train_test.prototxt文件中的輸入訓練數據lmdb與輸入測試數據lmdb這兩層刪除,取而代之的是,
shape { dim: 1 #num,可自行定義 dim: 3 #通道數,表示RGB三個通道 dim: 32 #圖像的長和寬,經過 *_train_test.prototxt文件中數據輸入層的crop_size獲取 dim: 32
(2)卷積層和全鏈接層中weight_filler{}與bias_filler{}兩個參數不用再填寫,由於這兩個參數的值,由已經訓練好的模型*.caffemodel文件提供。以下所示代碼,將*_train_test.prototxt文件中的weight_filler、bias_filler所有刪除。
layer { # weight_filler、bias_filler刪除
name: "ip2"
type: "InnerProduct"
bottom: "ip1" top: "ip2"
param {
lr_mult: 1 #權重w的學習率倍數
}
param { lr_mult: 2 #偏置b的學習率倍數
}
inner_product_param { num_output: 10
weight_filler { type: "gaussian" std: 0.1 }
bias_filler { type: "constant" }
}
}
刪除後變爲
2) 輸出層
*_train_test.prototxt文件
注意在兩個文件中輸出層的類型都發生了變化一個是SoftmaxWithLoss,另外一個是Softmax。另外爲了方便區分訓練與應用輸出,訓練是輸出時是loss,應用時是prob。
下面給出CIFAR10中的配置文件cifar10_quick_train_test.prototxt與其模型構造文件 cifar10_quick.prototxt 直觀展現二者的區別。
cifar10_quick_train_test.prototxt文件代碼
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cifar10_quick_train_test.prototxt文件代碼
name:
"CIFAR10_quick"
layer { #該層去掉
name:
"cifar"
type:
"Data"
top:
"data"
top:
"label"
include {
phase: TRAIN
}
transform_param {
mean_file:
"examples/cifar10/mean.binaryproto"
}
data_param {
source:
"examples/cifar10/cifar10_train_lmdb"
batch_size: 100
backend: LMDB
}
}
layer { #該層去掉
name:
"cifar"
type:
"Data"
top:
"data"
top:
"label"
include {
phase: TEST
}
transform_param {
mean_file:
"examples/cifar10/mean.binaryproto"
}
data_param {
source:
"examples/cifar10/cifar10_test_lmdb"
batch_size: 100
backend: LMDB
}
}
layer { #將下方的weight_filler、bias_filler所有刪除
name:
"conv1"
type:
"Convolution"
bottom:
"data"
top:
"conv1"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
convolution_param {
num_output: 32
pad: 2
kernel_size: 5
stride: 1
weight_filler {
type:
"gaussian"
std: 0.0001
}
bias_filler {
type:
"constant"
}
}
}
layer {
name:
"pool1"
type:
"Pooling"
bottom:
"conv1"
top:
"pool1"
pooling_param {
pool: MAX
kernel_size: 3
stride: 2
}
}
layer {
name:
"relu1"
type:
"ReLU"
bottom:
"pool1"
top:
"pool1"
}
layer { #weight_filler、bias_filler刪除
name:
"conv2"
type:
"Convolution"
bottom:
"pool1"
top:
"conv2"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
convolution_param {
num_output: 32
pad: 2
kernel_size: 5
stride: 1
weight_filler {
type:
"gaussian"
std: 0.01
}
bias_filler {
type:
"constant"
}
}
}
layer {
name:
"relu2"
type:
"ReLU"
bottom:
"conv2"
top:
"conv2"
}
layer {
name:
"pool2"
type:
"Pooling"
bottom:
"conv2"
top:
"pool2"
pooling_param {
pool: AVE
kernel_size: 3
stride: 2
}
}
layer { #weight_filler、bias_filler刪除
name:
"conv3"
type:
"Convolution"
bottom:
"pool2"
top:
"conv3"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
convolution_param {
num_output: 64
pad: 2
kernel_size: 5
stride: 1
weight_filler {
type:
"gaussian"
std: 0.01
}
bias_filler {
type:
"constant"
}
}
}
layer {
name:
"relu3"
type:
"ReLU"
bottom:
"conv3"
top:
"conv3"
}
layer {
name:
"pool3"
type:
"Pooling"
bottom:
"conv3"
top:
"pool3"
pooling_param {
pool: AVE
kernel_size: 3
stride: 2
}
}
layer { #weight_filler、bias_filler刪除
name:
"ip1"
type:
"InnerProduct"
bottom:
"pool3"
top:
"ip1"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
inner_product_param {
num_output: 64
weight_filler {
type:
"gaussian"
std: 0.1
}
bias_filler {
type:
"constant"
}
}
}
layer { # weight_filler、bias_filler刪除
name:
"ip2"
type:
"InnerProduct"
bottom:
"ip1"
top:
"ip2"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
inner_product_param {
num_output: 10
weight_filler {
type:
"gaussian"
std: 0.1
}
bias_filler {
type:
"constant"
}
}
}
layer { #將該層刪除
name:
"accuracy"
type:
"Accuracy"
bottom:
"ip2"
bottom:
"label"
top:
"accuracy"
include {
phase: TEST
}
}
layer { #修改
name:
"loss"
#---loss 修改成 prob
type:
"SoftmaxWithLoss"
# SoftmaxWithLoss 修改成 softmax
bottom:
"ip2"
bottom:
"label"
#去掉
top:
"loss"
}
如下爲cifar10_quick.prototxt
layer { #將兩個輸入層修改成該層
name:
"data"
type:
"Input"
top:
"data"
input_param { shape: { dim: 1 dim: 3 dim: 32 dim: 32 } } #注意shape中變量值的修改,CIFAR10中的 *_train_test.protxt文件中沒有 crop_size
}
layer {
name:
"conv1"
type:
"Convolution"
bottom:
"data"
top:
"conv1"
param {
lr_mult: 1 #權重W的學習率倍數
}
param {
lr_mult: 2 #偏置b的學習率倍數
}
convolution_param {
num_output: 32
pad: 2 #加邊爲2
kernel_size: 5
stride: 1
}
}
layer {
name:
"pool1"
type:
"Pooling"
bottom:
"conv1"
top:
"pool1"
pooling_param {
pool: MAX #Max Pooling
kernel_size: 3
stride: 2
}
}
layer {
name:
"relu1"
type:
"ReLU"
bottom:
"pool1"
top:
"pool1"
}
layer {
name:
"conv2"
type:
"Convolution"
bottom:
"pool1"
top:
"conv2"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
convolution_param {
num_output: 32
pad: 2
kernel_size: 5
stride: 1
}
}
layer {
name:
"relu2"
type:
"ReLU"
bottom:
"conv2"
top:
"conv2"
}
layer {
name:
"pool2"
type:
"Pooling"
bottom:
"conv2"
top:
"pool2"
pooling_param {
pool: AVE #均值池化
kernel_size: 3
stride: 2
}
}
layer {
name:
"conv3"
type:
"Convolution"
bottom:
"pool2"
top:
"conv3"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
convolution_param {
num_output: 64
pad: 2
kernel_size: 5
stride: 1
}
}
layer {
name:
"relu3"
type:
"ReLU"
#使用ReLU激勵函數,這裏須要注意的是,本層的bottom和top都是conv3>
bottom:
"conv3"
top:
"conv3"
}
layer {
name:
"pool3"
type:
"Pooling"
bottom:
"conv3"
top:
"pool3"
pooling_param {
pool: AVE
kernel_size: 3
stride: 2
}
}
layer {
name:
"ip1"
type:
"InnerProduct"
bottom:
"pool3"
top:
"ip1"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
inner_product_param {
num_output: 64
}
}
layer {
name:
"ip2"
type:
"InnerProduct"
bottom:
"ip1"
top:
"ip2"
param {
lr_mult: 1
}
param {
lr_mult: 2
}
inner_product_param {
num_output: 10
}
}
layer {
name:
"prob"
type:
"Softmax"
bottom:
"ip2"
top:
"prob"
}
|
3:
將train_val.prototxt 轉換成deploy.prototxt
1.刪除輸入數據(如:type:data...inckude{phase: TRAIN}),而後添加一個數據維度描述。
2.移除最後的<span style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">「loss」 和「accuracy」 層,加入「prob」層。</span>
[plain]
若是train_val文件中還有其餘的預處理層,就稍微複雜點。以下,在'data'層,在‘data’層和‘conv1’層<span style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">(with <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentcolor; vertical-align: baseline;">bottom:」data」 / top:」conv1″). 插入一個層來計算輸入數據的均值。</span></span>
<span style="line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentcolor; vertical-align: baseline;">在deploy.prototxt文件中,「mean」 層必須保留,只是容器改變,相應的‘conv1’也要改變<span style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> ( <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentcolor; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentcolor; vertical-align: baseline;">bottom:」mean」/ <span style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentcolor; vertical-align: baseline;">top:」conv1″ )。</span></span></span></span></span>
[plain]