Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 實現生產環境部署

今天老男孩IT教育Python教學總監alex帶你用Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 實現生產環境部署

一、uwsgi 介紹

二、uwsgi安裝使用

三、nginx安裝配置

四、django with nginx

 

 如何在生產上部署Django?

Django的部署能夠有不少方式，採用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見的一種方式。

 

 uwsgi介紹

一、uWSGI是一個Web服務器，它實現了WSGI協議、uwsgi、http等協議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的做用是與uWSGI服務器進行交換。

二、要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個概念的區分。

WSGI是一種Web服務器網關接口。它是一個Web服務器（如nginx，uWSGI等服務器）與web應用（如用Flask框架寫的程序）通訊的一種規範。

三、uwsgi是一種線路協議而不是通訊協議，在此經常使用於在uWSGI服務器與其餘網絡服務器的數據通訊。

而uWSGI是實現了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協議的Web服務器。

四、uwsgi協議是一個uWSGI服務器自有的協議，它用於定義傳輸信息的類型（type of information），每個uwsgi packet前4byte爲傳輸信息類型描述，它與WSGI相比是兩樣東西。

uWSGI的主要特色以下

一、超快的性能

二、低內存佔用（實測爲apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）

三、多app管理（終於不用左思右想下個app用哪一個端口比較好了-.-）

四、詳盡的日誌功能（能夠用來分析app性能和瓶頸）

五、高度可定製（內存大小限制，服務必定次數後重啓等）

總而言之uwgi是個部署用的好東東，正如uWSGI做者所吹噓的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

Uwsgi 安裝使用

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# Install the latest stable release: pip install uwsgi # ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release, pip install https: / / projects.unbit.it / downloads / uwsgi - lts.tar.gz

 

基本測試

Create a file called test.py:

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# test.py def  application(env, start_response):      start_response( '200 OK' , [( 'Content-Type' , 'text/html' )])      return  [b "Hello World" ]  # python3      #return ["Hello World"] # python2

運行

1	uwsgi  - - http : 8000  - - wsgi - file  test.py

 

用uwsgi 啓動django

1	uwsgi  - - http : 8000  - - module mysite.wsgi

　　

能夠把參數寫到配置文件裏

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alex@alex - ubuntu:~ / uwsgi - test$ more crazye - uwsgi.ini     [uwsgi] http  =  : 9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx socket  =  127.0 . 0.1 : 8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir  =  / home / alex / CrazyEye # Django's wsgi file wsgi - file  =  CrazyEye / wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes  =  4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads  =  2   #monitor uwsgi status stats  =  127.0 . 0.1 : 9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum           =  true

啓動

1	/ usr / local / bin / uwsgi crazye - uwsgi.ini

　　

Nginx安裝使用　　

1 2	sudo apt - get install nginx sudo  / etc / init.d / nginx start     # start nginx

 

爲你的項目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

一、# mysite_nginx.conf

二、 

三、# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to

四、upstream django {

五、    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket

六、    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)

七、}

八、 

九、# configuration of the server

十、server {

十一、    # the port your site will be served on

十二、    listen      8000;

1三、    # the domain name it will serve for

1四、    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN

1五、    charset     utf-8;

1六、 

1七、    # max upload size

1八、    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

1九、 

20、    # Django media

2一、    location /media  {

2二、       alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - 

amend as required

2三、    }

2四、 

2五、    location /static {

26        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required

2七、    }

2八、 

2九、    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.

30、    location / {

3一、        uwsgi_pass  django;

3二、        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed

33    }

34  }

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

此時啓動Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django項目就能夠實現高併發啦！

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