Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 實現生產環境部署

 

本節內容

 

uwsgi 介紹

uwsgi安裝使用

nginx安裝配置

django with nginx

 

 

如何在生產上部署Django?

Django的部署能夠有不少方式，採用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見的一種方式。

 

 

 

uwsgi介紹

uWSGI是一個Web服務器，它實現了WSGI協議、uwsgi、http等協議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的做用是與uWSGI服務器進行交換。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個概念的區分。

1. WSGI是一種Web服務器網關接口。它是一個Web服務器（如nginx，uWSGI等服務器）與web應用（如用Flask框架寫的程序）通訊的一種規範。
2. uwsgi是一種線路協議而不是通訊協議，在此經常使用於在uWSGI服務器與其餘網絡服務器的數據通訊。
3. 而uWSGI是實現了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協議的Web服務器。
4. uwsgi協議是一個uWSGI服務器自有的協議，它用於定義傳輸信息的類型（type of information），每個uwsgi packet前4byte爲傳輸信息類型描述，它與WSGI相比是兩樣東西。

 

uwsgi性能很是高

 

uWSGI的主要特色以下

1. 超快的性能
2. 低內存佔用（實測爲apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3. 多app管理（終於不用左思右想下個app用哪一個端口比較好了-.-）
4. 詳盡的日誌功能（能夠用來分析app性能和瓶頸）
5. 高度可定製（內存大小限制，服務必定次數後重啓等）

總而言之uwgi是個部署用的好東東，正如uWSGI做者所吹噓的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

 

Uwsgi 安裝使用

# Install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

 

基本測試

Create a file called test.py:

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

運行

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

 

用uwsgi 啓動django

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

　　

能夠把參數寫到配置文件裏

alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini 


[uwsgi]
http = :9000
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye 
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2

#monitor uwsgi status 
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

啓動

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini

　　

Nginx安裝使用　　

sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

 

爲你的項目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

and then run

python manage.py collectstatic

　　

此時啓動Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django項目就能夠實現高併發啦！