轉:http://blog.csdn.net/sgl870927/article/details/6285535java
研究了android從網絡上異步加載圖像,現總結以下:android
(1)因爲android UI更新支持單一線程原則,因此從網絡上取數據並更新到界面上,爲了避免阻塞主線程首先可能會想到如下方法。web
在主線程中new 一個Handler對象,加載圖像方法以下所示緩存
private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); }
上面這個方法缺點很顯然,經測試,若是要加載多個圖片,這並不能實現異步加載,而是等到全部的圖片都加載完才一塊兒顯示,由於它們都運行在一個線程中。網絡
而後,咱們能夠簡單改進下,將Handler+Runnable模式改成Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能實現同時開啓多個線程嗎?多線程
(2)在主線程中new 一個Handler對象,代碼以下:app
final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); } };
對應加載圖像代碼以下: 異步
//採用handler+Thread模式實現多線程異步加載async
private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { Thread thread = new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; message.arg1 = id; message.obj = drawable; handler2.sendMessage(message); } }; thread.start(); thread = null; }
這樣就簡單實現了異步加載了。細想一下,還能夠優化的,好比引入線程池、引入緩存等,咱們先介紹線程池。ide
(3)引入ExecutorService接口,因而代碼能夠優化以下:
在主線程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
對應加載圖像方法更改以下:
// 引入線程池來管理多線程 private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); }
(4)爲了更方便使用咱們能夠將異步加載圖像方法封裝一個類,對外界只暴露一個方法便可,考慮到效率問題咱們能夠引入內存緩存機制,作法是
創建一個HashMap,其鍵(key)爲加載圖像url,其值(value)是圖像對象Drawable。先看一下咱們封裝的類
public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
//爲了加快速度,在內存中開啓緩存(主要應用於重複圖片較多時,或者同一個圖片要屢次被訪問,好比在ListView時來回滾動)
public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五個線程來執行任務 private final Handler handler=new Handler(); /** * * @param imageUrl 圖像url地址 * @param callback 回調接口 * @return 返回內存中緩存的圖像,第一次加載返回null */ public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { //若是緩存過就從緩存中取出數據 if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); if (softReference.get() != null) { return softReference.get(); } } //緩存中沒有圖像,則從網絡上取出數據,並將取出的數據緩存到內存中 executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { callback.imageLoaded(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); return null; } //從網絡上取數據方法 protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { try { return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } //對外界開放的回調接口 public interface ImageCallback { //注意 此方法是用來設置目標對象的圖像資源 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); }
}
這樣封裝好後使用起來就方便多了。在主線程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 對象,而後直接調用其loadDrawable方法便可,須要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是惟一能夠把加載的圖 像設置到目標ImageView或其相關的組件上。
在主線程調用代碼:
先實例化對象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
調用異步加載方法:
//引入線程池,並引入內存緩存功能,並對外部調用封裝了接口,簡化調用過程 private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { //若是緩存過就會從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會被執行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() { //請參見實現:若是第一次加載url時下面方法會執行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } }
(5)同理,下面也給出採用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+內存緩存代碼,原則同(4),只是把線程池換成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代碼以下:
public class AsyncImageLoader { //爲了加快速度,加入了緩存(主要應用於重複圖片較多時,或者同一個圖片要屢次被訪問,好比在ListView時來回滾動) private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); /** * * @param imageUrl 圖像url地址 * @param callback 回調接口 * @return 返回內存中緩存的圖像,第一次加載返回null */ public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { //若是緩存過就從緩存中取出數據 if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); if (softReference.get() != null) { return softReference.get(); } } final Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj); } }; new Thread() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable)); } }.start(); /* 下面註釋的這段代碼是Handler的一種代替方法 */ // new AsyncTask() { // @Override // protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) { // Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); // imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); // return drawable; // } // // @Override // protected void onPostExecute(Object o) { // callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o); // } // }.execute(); return null; } protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { try { return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } //對外界開放的回調接口 public interface ImageCallback { public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); } }
至此,異步加載就介紹完了,下面給出的代碼爲測試用的完整代碼:
package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity; import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.widget.ImageView; import com.bshark.supertelphone.R; import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader; import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity { final Handler handler=new Handler(); final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); } }; private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五個線程來執行任務 private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader(); private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3(); @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // //爲了測試緩存而模擬的網絡延時 // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { executorService.shutdown(); super.onDestroy(); } //線程加載圖像基本原理 private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } //採用handler+Thread模式實現多線程異步加載 private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { Thread thread = new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; message.arg1 = id; message.obj = drawable; handler2.sendMessage(message); } }; thread.start(); thread = null; } // 引入線程池來管理多線程 private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); } //引入線程池,並引入內存緩存功能,並對外部調用封裝了接口,簡化調用過程 private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { //若是緩存過就會從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會被執行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() { //請參見實現:若是第一次加載url時下面方法會執行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } //採用Handler+Thread+封裝外部接口 private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) { //若是緩存過就會從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會被執行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() { //請參見實現:若是第一次加載url時下面方法會執行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } }
xml文件大體以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> </LinearLayout>