Android 多進程之Messenger的使用

Android多進程系列

Messenger也能夠做爲Android多進程的一種通訊方式,經過構建Message來在客戶端和服務端之間傳遞數據

簡單使用Messenger

客戶端經過Messenger向服務端進程發送消息
  • 構建一個運行在獨立進程中的服務端Service:
public class MessengerService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "MessagerService";

    /**
     * 處理來自客戶端的消息,並用於構建Messenger
     */
    private static class MessengerHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message message) {
            switch (message.what) {
                case MESSAGE_FROM_CLIENT:
                    Log.e(TAG, "receive message from client:" + message.getData().getString("msg"));
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(message);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 構建Messenger對象
     */
    private final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new MessengerHandler());

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        //將Messenger對象的Binder返回給客戶端
        return mMessenger.getBinder();
    }
}
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  • 註冊service,固然要設置在不一樣的進程
<service
    android:name="com.xxq2dream.service.MessengerService"
    android:process=":remote" />
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  • 而後客戶端是經過綁定服務端返回的binder來建立Messenger對象,並經過這個Messenger對象來向服務端發送消息
public class MessengerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "MessengerActivity";

    private Messenger mService;

    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            Log.e(TAG, "ServiceConnection-->" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            //經過服務端返回的Binder建立Messenger
            mService = new Messenger(iBinder);
            //建立消息,經過Bundle傳遞數據
            Message message = Message.obtain(null, MESSAGE_FROM_CLIENT);
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString("msg", "hello service,this is client");
            message.setData(bundle);
            try {
                //向服務端發送消息
                mService.send(message);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected-->binder died");
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_messenger);
        //綁定服務
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MessengerService.class);
        bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        //解綁服務
        unbindService(mConnection);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}
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服務端接收到客戶端的消息

經過上面的實踐,咱們能夠看出利用Messenger進行跨進程通訊,須要經過Message來傳遞消息,而Message能夠經過setData方法利用Bundle來傳遞複雜的數據。
服務端若是要回復消息給客戶端,那就要用到Message的replyTo參數了
  • 服務端改造
private static class MessengerHandler extends Handler {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message message) {
        switch (message.what) {
            case Constant.MESSAGE_FROM_CLIENT:
                Log.e(TAG, "receive message from client:" + message.getData().getString("msg"));
                //獲取客戶端傳遞過來的Messenger,經過這個Messenger回傳消息給客戶端
                Messenger client = message.replyTo;
                //固然,回傳消息仍是要經過message
                Message msg = Message.obtain(null, Constant.MESSAGE_FROM_SERVICE);
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("msg", "hello client, I have received your message!");
                msg.setData(bundle);
                try {
                    client.send(msg);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                break;
            default:
                super.handleMessage(message);
                break;
        }
    }
}
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  • 客戶端改造,主要是經過Handle構建一個Messenger對象,並在向服務端發送消息的時候,經過Message的replyTo參數將Messenger對象傳遞給服務端
/**
 * 用於構建客戶端的Messenger對象,並處理服務端的消息
 */
private static class MessengerHandler extends Handler {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message message) {
        switch (message.what) {
            case Constant.MESSAGE_FROM_SERVICE:
                Log.e(TAG, "receive message from service:" + message.getData().getString("msg"));
                break;
            default:
                super.handleMessage(message);
                break;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 客戶端Messenger對象
 */
private Messenger mClientMessenger = new Messenger(new MessengerHandler());

private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
        Log.e(TAG, "ServiceConnection-->" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        mService = new Messenger(iBinder);
        Message message = Message.obtain(null, MESSAGE_FROM_CLIENT);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString("msg", "hello service,this is client");
        message.setData(bundle);
        //將客戶端的Messenger對象傳遞給服務端
        message.replyTo = mClientMessenger;
        try {
            mService.send(message);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
        Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected-->binder died");
    }
};
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客戶端收到服務端的消息回覆

總結
  • 使用Messager來傳遞Message,Message中能使用的字段只有what、arg一、arg二、Bundle和replyTo,自定義的Parcelable對象沒法經過object字段來傳輸
  • Message中的Bundle支持多種數據類型,replyTo字段用於傳輸Messager對象,以便進程間相互通訊
  • Messager以串行的方式處理客戶端發來的消息,不適合有大量併發的請求
  • Messager方法只能傳遞消息,不能跨進程調用方法

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