技術分享 | binlog 實用解析工具 my2sql
做者：趙黎明
愛可生 MySQL DBA 團隊成員，Oracle 10g OCM，MySQL 5.7 OCP，擅長數據庫性能問題診斷、事務與鎖問題的分析等，負責處理客戶 MySQL 及我司自研 DMP 平臺平常運維中的問題，對開源數據庫相關技術很是感興趣。
本文來源：原創投稿
*愛可生開源社區出品，原創內容未經受權不得隨意使用，轉載請聯繫小編並註明來源。
前言
大部分 DBA 應該都已經熟悉並使用過一些閃回工具，諸如：binlog2sql、MyFlash。
今天要介紹的是另外一款基於 Go 編寫的 binlog 解析工具：my2sql，他的同門師兄還有 my2fback、binlog_inspector（binlog_rollback）。
爲何不直接稱其爲閃回工具呢？由於閃回只是它其中一個功能，除此以外，還可用於從 binlog 中解析出執行過的 SQL 語句用於數據補償，或者對線上執行的事務進行分析（捕獲大/長事務）。
Github 地址：https://github.com/liuhr/my2sqlmysql
對比
- binlog2sql：Python 編寫（執行時須要有 Python2.七、Python3.4+ 的環境），用於生成回滾/前滾 SQL 進行數據恢復/補償
- MyFlash：C 語言編寫（須要動態編譯成二級制腳本後執行），用於生成反向 binlog 文件（二進制）進行數據恢復
- my2sql：Go 語言編寫（可直接下載 linux 二進制版本執行），除了閃回，還提供了前滾和事務分析的功能
主要參數
- -work-type：指定工做類型（前滾、閃回、事務分析），合法值分別爲：2sql（默認）、rollback、stats
- -sql：過濾 DML 語句的類型，合法值爲：insert、update、delete
- -ignorePrimaryKeyForInsert：對於 work-type 爲 2sql 的 insert 操做，忽略主鍵（適合大量數據導入的場景）
- -big-trx-row-limit int：斷定爲大事務的閾值（默認 500 行），合法值區間：10-30000 行
- -long-trx-seconds int：斷定爲長事務的閾值（默認 300 秒），合法值區間：1-3600 秒
- -databases：過濾庫，默認爲所有庫
- -tables：過濾表，默認爲所有表
- -start-file：指定開始的 binlog 文件
- -start-pos：指定 binlog 文件中開始的點位
- -start-datetime：指定開始的時間
- -stop-datetime：指定結束的時間
- -output-dir：指定文件生成目錄
- -output-toScreen：指定輸出到屏幕
- -tl：指定時區（time location），默認爲 local（Asia/Shanghai）
應用場景
場景 1：閃回 DML 誤操做數據
-- 建立測試表
mysql> show create table t\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`k` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `k_1` (`k`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from t;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 10000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 查看測試表校驗值
mysql> checksum table t;
+-------+------------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------+------------+
| zlm.t | 1966401574 |
+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
-- 查看當前binlog
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 15994082 | | | 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-23123 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 刪除5000條記錄
mysql> delete from t where id<5001;
Query OK, 5000 rows affected (0.04 sec)
-- 執行my2sql生成回滾語句（rollback模式）
04:38 PM dmp1 (master) ~# ./my2sql -user zlm -password zlm -host 10.186.60.62 -port 3332 -work-type rollback -start-file mysql-bin.000003 -start-pos 15994082 --add-extraInfo -output-dir /tmp/my2sql_test
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] binlogsyncer.go:144 create BinlogSyncer with config {1113306 mysql 10.186.60.62 3332 zlm utf8 false false <nil> false Local false 0 0s 0s 0 false false 0}
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] events.go:58 start thread 1 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] events.go:58 start thread 2 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] events.go:208 start thread to write redo/rollback sql into file
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] binlogsyncer.go:360 begin to sync binlog from position (mysql-bin.000003, 15994082)
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] stats_process.go:166 start thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] repl.go:15 start to get binlog from mysql
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000003, 15994082)
[2020/12/25 16:38:17] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000003 16002473
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] repl.go:83 deadline exceeded.
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] repl.go:17 finish getting binlog from mysql
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] stats_process.go:266 exit thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] events.go:183 exit thread 1 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] events.go:183 exit thread 2 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] events.go:257 finish writing rollback sql into tmp files, start to revert content order of tmp files
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] rollback_process.go:15 start thread 1 to revert rollback sql files
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] rollback_process.go:41 start to revert tmp file /tmp/my2sql_test/.rollback.3.sql into /tmp/my2sql_test/rollback.3.sql
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] rollback_process.go:156 finish reverting tmp file /tmp/my2sql_test/.rollback.3.sql into /tmp/my2sql_test/rollback.3.sql
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] rollback_process.go:25 exit thread 1 to revert rollback sql files
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] events.go:270 finish reverting content order of tmp files
[2020/12/25 16:38:22] [info] events.go:275 exit thread to write redo/rollback sql into file
-- 查看生成的文件
04:40 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# ll
total 1228
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 251 Dec 25 16:38 biglong_trx.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 288 Dec 25 16:38 binlog_status.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1246880 Dec 25 16:38 rollback.3.sql
## 其中rollback.x.sql就是咱們閃回數據須要的sql文件（x對應mysql-binlog.00000x的文件編號x），因爲執行命令時只指定了binlog開始的位置，實例中後續執行的DML事務也都會被記錄
## 另外2個文件分別是從binlog中獲取到的binlog狀態和事務信息，以後的案例會詳細展現說明，此處略過
-- 查看生成的回滾SQL文本文件
04:42 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# tail -5 rollback.3.sql
INSERT INTO `zlm`.`t` (`id`,`k`,`c`,`pad`) VALUES (4,5027,'54133149494-75722987476-23015721680-47254589498-40242947469-55055884969-23675271222-20181439230-74473404563-55407972672','88488171626-98596569412-94026374972-58040528656-38000028170');
INSERT INTO `zlm`.`t` (`id`,`k`,`c`,`pad`) VALUES (3,4990,'51185622598-89397522786-28007882305-52050087550-68686337807-48942386476-96555734557-05264042377-33586177817-31986479495','00592560354-80393027097-78244247549-39135306455-88936868384');
INSERT INTO `zlm`.`t` (`id`,`k`,`c`,`pad`) VALUES (2,5025,'13241531885-45658403807-79170748828-69419634012-13605813761-77983377181-01582588137-21344716829-87370944992-02457486289','28733802923-10548894641-11867531929-71265603657-36546888392');
INSERT INTO `zlm`.`t` (`id`,`k`,`c`,`pad`) VALUES (1,5015,'68487932199-96439406143-93774651418-41631865787-96406072701-20604855487-25459966574-28203206787-41238978918-19503783441','22195207048-70116052123-74140395089-76317954521-98694025897');
# datetime=2020-12-25_16:33:30 database=zlm table=t binlog=mysql-bin.000003 startpos=15994218 stoppos=16002473
05:10 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat rollback.3.sql |grep "INSERT INTO"|wc -l
5000
## 能夠看到，該閃回SQL文件中有5000個INSERT語句，正好對應以前刪除的5000條記錄
## 閃回SQL文件中的「# datetime=...」這行的內容就是加了參數-add-extrainfo後加入的附加信息，能夠獲取每一個語句執行的具體時間和點位
## 在實際狀況中，從binlog中解析出來的事務會很複雜，爲了便於分析，建議加上過濾庫、表的參數-databases和-tables，這樣生成的SQL文件也會小不少
-- 數據恢復（將誤刪數據導入）
05:17 PM dmp1 (master) ~# mysql32 < /tmp/my2sql_test/rollback.3.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
05:19 PM dmp1 (master) ~# mysql32 -Ne "select count(*) from zlm.t;checksum table zlm.t;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------+
| 10000 |
+-------+
+-------+------------+
| zlm.t | 1966401574 |
+-------+------------+
## 5000條刪除的數據導入表後，表的checksum與刪除前一致，說明該在表上沒有進行過其餘DML操做
## 若是記錄數一致而checksum不一致，則認爲恢復後的數據仍然是不一致的，須要確認是否須要作更多的閃回操做
場景 2：手動補償主從異常切換後的數據不一致
-- 用sysbench給一個持續寫入
01:34 AM dmp1 /usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench# sysbench /usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua --db-driver=mysql --tables=1 --table_size=10000 --mysql-host=10.186.60.62 --mysql-port=3332 --mysql-db=zlm --mysql-user=zlm --mysql-password=zlm --report-interval=2 --threads=10 --time=600 --skip-trx=on --mysql-ignore-errors=1062,1213 --db-ps-mode=disable run
sysbench 1.0.17 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 10
Report intermediate results every 2 second(s)
Initializing random number generator from current time
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
[ 2s ] thds: 10 tps: 712.84 qps: 12964.69 (r/w/o: 10095.03/2855.81/13.85) lat (ms,95%): 27.17 err/s: 5.44 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 4s ] thds: 10 tps: 733.05 qps: 13289.89 (r/w/o: 10342.52/2939.79/7.57) lat (ms,95%): 28.16 err/s: 4.54 reconn/s: 0.00
... 略
-- 確認從庫正常複製後中止IO線程
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.186.60.62
Master_User: zlm
Master_Port: 3332
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 60687481
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 60685775
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 60685562
Relay_Log_Space: 594023093
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 623332
Master_UUID: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3332/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Reading event from the relay log
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:58752-915239
Executed_Gtid_Set: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-915235
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave io_thread;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.186.60.62
Master_User: zlm
Master_Port: 3332
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000013
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 78769827
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 78770040
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:78769827
Relay_Log_Space: 612105439
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 623332
Master_UUID: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3332/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:58752-941653
Executed_Gtid_Set: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-941653
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 中止sysbench寫入
[ 120s ] thds: 10 tps: 820.27 qps: 14836.91 (r/w/o: 11540.32/3284.59/12.00) lat (ms,95%): 22.28 err/s: 4.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 122s ] thds: 10 tps: 718.49 qps: 13009.74 (r/w/o: 10126.80/2874.44/8.50) lat (ms,95%): 24.83 err/s: 4.50 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 124s ] thds: 10 tps: 781.74 qps: 14178.87 (r/w/o: 11029.89/3137.97/11.00) lat (ms,95%): 23.52 err/s: 6.50 reconn/s: 0.00
^C
## 此時主庫的數據是比從庫多的（能夠看做是異步複製中的IO線程延遲），假設又正好發生了高可用切換，從庫被切成了主庫，咱們須要手動補償新主上缺失的這部分數據（若是高可用切換工具沒有這部分實現邏輯的話）
-- 確認後續（缺失）事務的起始點位
從show slave status的輸出，咱們能夠獲知如下信息：
一、新主已執行過的事務集合：
1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-941653
二、對應舊主上的點位：
Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000013
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 78769827
-- 查看舊主當前GTID信息
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000013 | 151283749 | | | 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-1047585 |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 相差了105932個事務，binlog從77M增加到150M左右
-- 也能夠離線解析binlog文件來確認file+pos的點位與GTID是不是對應
/usr/local/mysql5732/bin/mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000013|less
... 略
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78769827 CRC32 0xe5032fcf Xid = 4003981
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at78769827 //當1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:941653的事務COMMIT後，pos點位就停在這裏，是一致的
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78769892 CRC32 0x6cec07fc GTID last_committed=115069 sequence_number=115070 rbr_only=yes
/*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:941654'/*!*/;
# at 78769892
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78769963 CRC32 0x0b9b5557 Query thread_id=89 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1608917791/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 78769963
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770228 CRC32 0x75e40978 Rows_query
# INSERT INTO sbtest1 (id, k, c, pad) VALUES (5020, 5013, '79652507036-05590009094-10370692577-33401396318-81508361252-10613546461-82822929332-17272183925-71915791860-00345159222', '25450417435-19336936168-49193845527-09907338597-56878802246')
# at 78770228
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770284 CRC32 0xfc0d0d16 Table_map: `zlm`.`sbtest1` mapped to number 204
# at 78770284
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770509 CRC32 0xe1d44365 Write_rows: table id 204 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `zlm`.`sbtest1`
### SET
### @1=5020 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2=5013 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='79652507036-05590009094-10370692577-33401396318-81508361252-10613546461-82822929332-17272183925-71915791860-00345159222' /* STRING(360) meta=61032 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @4='25450417435-19336936168-49193845527-09907338597-56878802246' /* STRING(180) meta=65204 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
# at 78770509
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770540 CRC32 0x1adbcf14 Xid = 4003993
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 78770540
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770605 CRC32 0x52d9646f GTID last_committed=115070 sequence_number=115071 rbr_only=yes
/*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:941655'/*!*/;
# at 78770605
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770676 CRC32 0x7ed98e8d Query thread_id=85 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1608917791/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 78770676
#201226 1:36:31 server id 623332 end_log_pos 78770738 CRC32 0x28584bc5 Rows_query
# UPDATE sbtest1 SET k=k+1 WHERE id=6248
-- 生成前滾SQL（從mysql-bin.000013的78769827開始）
01:55 PM dmp1 (master) ~# ./my2sql -user zlm -password zlm -host 10.186.60.62 -port 3332 -work-type 2sql -start-file mysql-bin.000013 -start-pos78769827 --add-extraInfo -output-dir /tmp/my2sql_test
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] binlogsyncer.go:144 create BinlogSyncer with config {1113306 mysql 10.186.60.62 3332 zlm utf8 false false <nil> false Local false 0 0s 0s 0 false false 0}
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] binlogsyncer.go:360 begin to sync binlog from position (mysql-bin.000013, 78769827)
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] events.go:208 start thread to write redo/rollback sql into file
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] events.go:58 start thread 1 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] events.go:58 start thread 2 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] stats_process.go:166 start thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] repl.go:15 start to get binlog from mysql
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000013, 78769827)
[2020/12/26 01:54:51] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 78770509
[2020/12/26 01:54:52] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 89256973
[2020/12/26 01:54:53] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 99742835
[2020/12/26 01:54:54] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 110229245
[2020/12/26 01:54:55] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 120715455
[2020/12/26 01:54:56] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 131201391
[2020/12/26 01:54:57] [info] events.go:242 finish processing mysql-bin.000013 141687468
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] repl.go:83 deadline exceeded.
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] repl.go:17 finish getting binlog from mysql
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] stats_process.go:266 exit thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] events.go:183 exit thread 1 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] events.go:183 exit thread 2 to generate redo/rollback sql
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] events.go:272 finish writing redo/forward sql into file
[2020/12/26 01:55:03] [info] events.go:275 exit thread to write redo/rollback sql into file
-- 檢查生成的新文件
01:54 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# ll -lrt
total 25732
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107 Dec 26 01:54 biglong_trx.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26339348 Dec 26 01:55 forward.13.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 432 Dec 26 01:55 binlog_status.txt
01:56 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat binlog_status.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos inserts updates deletes database table
mysql-bin.000013 2020-12-26_01:36:31 2020-12-26_01:37:00 78770228 143726338 23713 47466 23715 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000013 2020-12-26_01:37:01 2020-12-26_01:37:04 143726770 151283718 2755 5530 2753 zlm sbtest1
01:57 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat biglong_trx.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos rows duration tables
-- 計算事務個數
01:57 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# mysql -Ne "select 23713+47466+23715+2755+5530+2753;"
+--------+
| 105932 |
+--------+
02:01 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat forward.13.sql |grep INSERT|wc -l
26468
02:03 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat forward.13.sql |grep UPDATE|wc -l
52996
02:03 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat forward.13.sql |grep DELETE|wc -l
26468
02:04 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# mysql32 -Ne "select 26468+52996+26468;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------+
| 105932 |
+--------+
01:56 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# scp forward.13.sql 10.186.60.68:/tmp
forward.13.sql 100% 25MB 140.9MB/s 00:00
## 前滾SQL文件有26M，拷貝到新主（60.68）
## 查看生成的binlog_status.txt文件，會統計每一個時間段（POS）區間內相關庫表所產生的DML次數
## biglong_trx.txt文件記錄的是大/長事務，此文件爲空，說明沒有大/長事務
## 由文件中記錄的DML總執行次數可知，確實是執行了105932 個事務，與以前估算的一致
-- 將差別數據導入新主
02:05 AM dmp2 (master) ~# mysql32 < /tmp/forward.13.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
02:05 AM dmp2 (master) ~#
-- 查看從庫的事務寫入狀況
mysql> show slave status\G
... 略
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:58752-941653
Executed_Gtid_Set: 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-941653,
3f4e72ab-46af-11eb-9bac-02000aba3c44:1-105932 //新主寫入了105932個事務，與以前統計的值一致
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 校驗舊主和新主的測試表
## 舊主
mysql> checksum table sbtest1;
+-------------+-----------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------------+-----------+
| zlm.sbtest1 | 670442058 |
+-------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
## 新主
mysql> checksum table zlm.sbtest1;
+-------------+-----------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------------+-----------+
| zlm.sbtest1 | 670442058 |
+-------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
## 因爲本次測試中僅僅是對sbtest1表執行了DML操做，能夠認爲新主缺失的數據已經獲得補償
## 在真實環境中，補償數據可能會比較麻煩一些，由於會涉及到不少庫表的操做，但原理是同樣的
場景 3：在線事務分析
3.1 準備linux
-- 建立一張500w行的大表並持續寫入
02:38 AM dmp1 /usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench# sysbench /usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua --db-driver=mysql --tables=1 --table_size=5000000 --mysql-host=10.186.60.68 --mysql-port=3332 --mysql-db=zlm --mysql-user=zlm --mysql-password=zlm --report-interval=2 --threads=10 --time=600 --skip-trx=on --mysql-ignore-errors=1062,1213 --db-ps-mode=disable prepare
sysbench 1.0.17 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Initializing worker threads...
Creating table 'sbtest1'...
Inserting 5000000 records into 'sbtest1'
... 略
-- 查看主從延遲
## 主庫正在執行的事務
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000018 | 215205384 | | | 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-941653,
3f4e72ab-46af-11eb-9bac-02000aba3c44:1-1335429 |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 從庫回放狀態
11:22 AM dmp1 (master) ~# mysql32 -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running |grep -v "Running_State"|awk '{print $2}' && mysql32 -e "show slave status\G"|grep Behind |awk '{print $2}'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Yes
Yes
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
0
## 此時並無發現SQL線程有延遲（Senconds_Behind_Master=0）
-- 用my2sql工具分析mysql-bin.000018這個binlog
11:30 AM dmp1 (master) ~# ./my2sql -user zlm -password zlm -host 10.186.60.68 -port 3332 -work-type stats -start-file mysql-bin.000018 -start-pos 194 -output-dir /tmp/my2sql_test
[2020/12/28 11:30:35] [info] binlogsyncer.go:144 create BinlogSyncer with config {1113306 mysql 10.186.60.68 3332 zlm utf8 false false <nil> false Local false 0 0s 0s 0 false false 0}
[2020/12/28 11:30:35] [info] binlogsyncer.go:360 begin to sync binlog from position (mysql-bin.000018, 194)
[2020/12/28 11:30:35] [info] stats_process.go:166 start thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/28 11:30:35] [info] repl.go:15 start to get binlog from mysql
[2020/12/28 11:30:35] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000018, 194)
[2020/12/28 11:30:44] [info] repl.go:83 deadline exceeded.
[2020/12/28 11:30:44] [info] repl.go:17 finish getting binlog from mysql
[2020/12/28 11:30:44] [info] stats_process.go:266 exit thread to analyze statistics from binlog
-- 查看生成文件的內容
11:32 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat binlog_status.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos inserts updates deletes database table
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:24:43 2020-12-28_11:25:12 390 40472959 14704 29399 14703 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:25:13 2020-12-28_11:25:42 40473397 83094395 15482 30964 15481 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:25:43 2020-12-28_11:26:12 83094627 124446683 15020 30043 15020 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:26:13 2020-12-28_11:26:42 124446910 165109718 14771 29540 14771 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:26:43 2020-12-28_11:27:12 165110068 205873372 14806 29615 14807 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:27:13 2020-12-28_11:27:19 205873604 215205353 3391 6778 3390 zlm sbtest1
11:32 AM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat biglong_trx.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos rows duration tables
## 在18的binlog中寫入了大量的事務，從11:24:43（390）開始，到11:27:19（215205353），因爲沒有指定中止的位置，打印的內容就截止到執行my2sql的時間點
3.2 大事務分析git
-- 將主庫上測試表的主鍵刪除
mysql> show create table sbtest1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: sbtest1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `sbtest1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`k` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `k_1` (`k`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5000001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter table sbtest1 modify id int not null,drop primary key;
Query OK, 5000000 rows affected (1 min 33.31 sec)
Records: 5000000 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table sbtest1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: sbtest1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `sbtest1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`k` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
KEY `k_1` (`k`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 主庫執行刪除400萬行記錄
mysql> select count(*) from sbtest1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 5000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (3.05 sec)
mysql> delete from sbtest1 where id<4000001;
Query OK, 4000000 rows affected (3 min 7.85 sec)
-- 肯定主庫當前事務執行到的點位
mysql> show master status;select @@server_uuid;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000019 | 194 | | | 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-941653,
3f4e72ab-46af-11eb-9bac-02000aba3c44:1-1398898 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+--------------------------------------+
| @@server_uuid |
+--------------------------------------+
| 3f4e72ab-46af-11eb-9bac-02000aba3c44 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 很明顯，這是一個大事務，主庫執行查詢全表記錄用了3s，執行刪除400w行記錄用了3.785s
## 由於要模擬主從延遲，先把測試表的主鍵刪除，再進行數據刪除
-- 查看主從延遲
12:57 PM dmp1 (master) ~# mysql32 -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running |grep -v "Running_State"|awk '{print $2}' && mysql32 -e "show slave status\G"|grep Behind |awk '{print $2}'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Yes
Yes
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
281
... 略
12:58 PM dmp1 (master) ~# mysql32 -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running |grep -v "Running_State"|awk '{print $2}' && mysql32 -e "show slave status\G"|grep Behind |awk '{print $2}'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Yes
Yes
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
441
## 如今已經開始出現延遲，而且Seconds_Behind_Master的值會愈來愈大（當主庫上的表沒有主鍵或惟一鍵時，從庫回放時須要全表掃描來定位每一行記錄，記錄越多，這個過程越慢，最終致使主從延遲）
-- 執行my2sql，指定工做模式爲事務分析（指定10000爲大事務閾值）
01:10 PM dmp1 (master) ~# ./my2sql -user zlm -password zlm -host 10.186.60.68 -port 3332 -work-type stats -start-file mysql-bin.000018 -big-trx-row-limit 10000 -output-dir /tmp/my2sql_test
[2020/12/28 13:11:18] [info] stats_process.go:166 start thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/28 13:11:18] [info] binlogsyncer.go:144 create BinlogSyncer with config {1113306 mysql 10.186.60.68 3332 zlm utf8 false false <nil> false Local false 0 0s 0s 0 false false 0}
[2020/12/28 13:11:18] [info] binlogsyncer.go:360 begin to sync binlog from position (mysql-bin.000018, 4)
[2020/12/28 13:11:18] [info] repl.go:15 start to get binlog from mysql
[2020/12/28 13:11:18] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000018, 4)
[2020/12/28 13:11:27] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000019, 4)
[2020/12/28 13:11:27] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000019, 4)
[2020/12/28 13:11:32] [info] repl.go:83 deadline exceeded.
[2020/12/28 13:11:32] [info] repl.go:17 finish getting binlog from mysql
[2020/12/28 13:11:32] [info] stats_process.go:266 exit thread to analyze statistics from binlog
-- 查看生成的文件內容
01:13 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 260 Dec 28 13:11 biglong_trx.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1440 Dec 28 13:11 binlog_status.txt
01:13 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat binlog_status.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos inserts updates deletes database table
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:24:43 2020-12-28_11:25:12 390 40472959 14704 29399 14703 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:25:13 2020-12-28_11:25:42 40473397 83094395 15482 30964 15481 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:25:43 2020-12-28_11:26:12 83094627 124446683 15020 30043 15020 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:26:13 2020-12-28_11:26:42 124446910 165109718 14771 29540 14771 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:26:43 2020-12-28_11:27:12 165110068 205873372 14806 29615 14807 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_11:27:13 2020-12-28_11:27:19 205873604 215205353 3391 6778 3390 zlm sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_12:37:02 2020-12-28_12:37:31 215205990 249240812 30410 11715 5787 sbtest sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_12:37:32 2020-12-28_12:37:40 249241253 260168297 7263 5533 2758 sbtest sbtest1
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_12:53:51 2020-12-28_12:53:51 260168687 1023424583 0 0 4000000 zlm sbtest1
01:13 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat biglong_trx.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos rows duration tables
mysql-bin.000018 2020-12-28_12:53:51 2020-12-28_12:53:51 260168556 1023424614 4000000 0 [zlm.sbtest1(inserts=0, updates=0, deletes=4000000)]
## 因爲主庫仍然在寫mysql-bin.000018這個binlog文件，還未切換，咱們繼續以它爲起始位置分析
## 執行命令的時候用了-big-trx-row-limit 10000來指定超過1w行的DML爲大事務；若是不指定該參數，默認超過500行就會被統計
## 由生成的結果文件得知，在12:53:51的時候，在zml.sbtest1表上有一個deletes=4000000的大事務操做，與以前的操做相對應
3.3 長事務分析github
-- 建立一個測試表，顯式開啓10s事務
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000019 | 380 | | | 1d7ef0f4-4593-11eb-9f04-02000aba3c3e:1-941653,
3f4e72ab-46af-11eb-9bac-02000aba3c44:1-1398899 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t1(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1(id) values(1);select sleep(10);commit;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
+-----------+
| sleep(10) |
+-----------+
| 0 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (10.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from t1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 執行my2sql，工做模式選擇事務分析（指定5s爲長事務閾值）
02:03 PM dmp1 (master) ~# ./my2sql -user zlm -password zlm -host 10.186.60.68 -port 3332 -work-type stats -start-file mysql-bin.000019 -long-trx-seconds 5 -output-dir /tmp/my2sql_test
[2020/12/28 14:10:01] [info] binlogsyncer.go:144 create BinlogSyncer with config {1113306 mysql 10.186.60.68 3332 zlm utf8 false false <nil> false Local false 0 0s 0s 0 false false 0}
[2020/12/28 14:10:01] [info] binlogsyncer.go:360 begin to sync binlog from position (mysql-bin.000019, 4)
[2020/12/28 14:10:01] [info] stats_process.go:166 start thread to analyze statistics from binlog
[2020/12/28 14:10:01] [info] repl.go:15 start to get binlog from mysql
[2020/12/28 14:10:01] [info] binlogsyncer.go:777 rotate to (mysql-bin.000019, 4)
[2020/12/28 14:10:06] [info] repl.go:83 deadline exceeded.
[2020/12/28 14:10:06] [info] repl.go:17 finish getting binlog from mysql
[2020/12/28 14:10:06] [info] stats_process.go:266 exit thread to analyze statistics from binlog
-- 查看生成的文件內容
02:10 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 249 Dec 28 14:10 biglong_trx.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 288 Dec 28 14:10 binlog_status.txt
02:10 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat binlog_status.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos inserts updates deletes database table
mysql-bin.000019 2020-12-28_14:09:02 2020-12-28_14:09:02 728 812 1 0 0 zlm t1
02:10 PM dmp1 /tmp/my2sql_test# cat biglong_trx.txt
binlog starttime stoptime startpos stoppos rows duration tables
mysql-bin.000019 2020-12-28_14:09:02 2020-12-28_14:09:12 605 843 1 10 [zlm.t1(inserts=1, updates=0, deletes=0)]
## 首先，肯定事務開始的binlog位置爲mysql-bin.000019，從這個文件開始解析
## 用參數-long-trx-seconds指定長事務的閾值爲10s，只要超過這個值的事務就會被統計；若是不指定該參數，默認執行超過5min的事務會被統計，建議實際使用的時候指定這個參數，並設置較小的閾值進行分析
## 生成的統計文件中記錄了剛纔執行的10s事務（即zlm.t1表上的insert操做）
限制
- my2sql 是模擬一個從庫去在線獲取主庫 binlog，而後進行解析，所以執行操做的數據庫用戶須要具備 SELECT，REPLICATION SALVE，REPLICATION CLIENT 的權限。
- 與 binlog2sql、MyFlash 差很少，my2sql 目前也不支持 8.0；閃回功能須要開啓 binlog_format=row，binlog_row_image=full；只能閃回 DML 操做，不支持 DDL 的閃回。
- 沒法離線解析 binlog（MyFlash 支持）。
- 不能以 GTID 事務爲單位進行解析（MyFlash 支持），具體 file+pos 點位須要先經過手工解析 binlog 後確認。
- 閃回/前滾 SQL 中，沒有提供具體的 begin/commit 的位置，使用時沒法分隔事務，須要人工判斷。
- 使用事務分析功能時，只能給出具體的大/長事務發生時間、點位、涉及的對象和操做類型，不能給出具體的 SQL 語句，完整的語句仍然須要去 binlog 中進行查看（需設置 binlog_rows_query_log_events=on）
總結
- my2sql 是一款比較實用的 binlog 解析工具，除了能閃回 DML 的誤操做外，還能經過生成前滾 SQL 進行數據補償、利用事務分析功能來排查主從延遲問題、捕捉長時間不提交的事務等
- my2sql 基於 Go 語言編寫，直接提供了 Linux 二進制版本，對環境無依賴，使用便捷
- my2sql 性能較好，解析 binlog 時生成閃回/前滾 SQL 的效率較高（對比 binlog2sql），做者號稱能達到 50-60 倍左右，有興趣的朋友可進行一輪性能對比測試
- MyFlash 解析 binlog 的效率也比 binlog2sql 高，但生成的回滾文件仍然是二進制格式的，須要依賴 mysqlbinlog 來進行處理，同時，也沒法直觀地對反解析後的回滾內容進行業務驗證，my2sql 的出現正好彌補了這二者的不足
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