c++-重載運算符（+-，++，--，+=，-=，cin，cout）

操做符重載

• 自定義類型須要操做符重載
• 運算符重載入門技術推演
• 友元函數和成員函數實現2元運算符重載
• 友元函數和成員函數實現1元運算符重載（前置++，前置--，後置++，後置--）
• 友元函數實現運算符重載應用場景

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>


using namespace std;


class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(int a, int b)
    {
        this->a = a;
        this->b = b;
    }

    void printComplex()
    {
        cout << "( " << this->a << ", " << this->b << "i )" << endl;
    }

    friend Complex complexAdd(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    //friend Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    //friend Complex  operator-(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);

    Complex complexAdd(Complex &another)
    {
        Complex temp(this->a + another.a, this->b + another.b);
        return temp;
    }

    Complex operator+(Complex &another)
    {
        Complex temp(this->a + another.a, this->b + another.b);
        return temp;
    }
    Complex operator-(Complex &another)
    {
        Complex temp(this->a - another.a, this->b - another.b);
        return temp;
    }

private:
    int a;//實數
    int b;//虛數
};


Complex complexAdd(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex temp(c1.a + c2.a, c1.b + c2.b);
    return temp;
}

//操做符重載寫在全局
#if 0
Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex temp(c1.a + c2.a, c1.b + c2.b);
    return temp;
}

Complex operator-(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex temp(c1.a - c2.a, c1.b - c2.b);
    return temp;
}

#endif

int main(void)
{
    Complex c1(1, 2);
    Complex c2(2, 4);

    c1.printComplex();
    c2.printComplex();

    //Complex c3 = complexAdd(c1, c2);
    //Complex c3 = c1.complexAdd(c2);
    //Complex c3 = c1 + c2; //operator+(c1, c2)  全局的調用方式
                        //c1.operator+(c2)
    //Complex c3 = operator+(c1, c2);

    Complex c3 = c1.operator+(c2);

    c3.printComplex();

    Complex c4 = c1 + c2;



    c4.printComplex();


    return 0;
}

雙目運算符重載(-=,+=)

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(int a, int b)
    {
        this->a = a;
        this->b = b;
    }

    void printComplex()
    {
        cout << "( " << this->a << ", " << this->b << "i )" << endl;
    }

    //friend Complex & operator+=(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex &operator-=(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);

    Complex &operator+=(Complex &another)
    {
        this->a += another.a;
        this->b += another.b;

        return *this;
    }
private:
    int a;//實數
    int b;//虛數
};

//全局
#if 0
Complex & operator+=(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    c1.a += c2.a;
    c1.b += c2.b;

    return c1;
}
#endif

Complex &operator-=(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    c1.a -= c2.a;
    c1.b -= c2.b;

    return c1;
}

int main(void)
{
    Complex c1(1, 2);
    Complex c2(2, 4);

    (c1 += c2)+=c2;//c1.operator+=(c2)  .operator(c2)


    c1.printComplex();
    c2.printComplex();

    c1 -= c2;
    c1.printComplex();
    
    return 0;
}

單目運算符

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>


using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(int a, int b)
    {
        this->a = a;
        this->b = b;
    }

    void printComplex()
    {
        cout << "( " << this->a << ", " << this->b << "i )" << endl;
    }

    //friend Complex & operator++(Complex &c);
    //friend const Complex operator++(Complex &c1, int);

    Complex &operator++()
    {
        this->a++;
        this->b++;

        return *this;
    }

    const Complex operator++(int)//亞元
    {
        Complex temp(this->a, this->b);
        this->a++;
        this->b++;
        return temp;
    }


private:
    int a;//實數
    int b;//虛數
};

#if 0
//重載的是前++運算符
Complex & operator++(Complex &c)
{
    c.a++;
    c.b++;
    return c;
}
#endif

//重載的是後++運算符
#if 0
const Complex operator++(Complex &c1, int)
{
    Complex temp(c1.a, c1.b);

    c1.a++;
    c1.b++;

    return temp;
}
#endif

int main(void)
{


    Complex c1(1, 2);

    //++++c1;

    c1++;

    c1.printComplex();

    //++++c1;

    return 0;
}

左移右移操做符重載

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>


using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(int a, int b)
    {
        this->a = a;
        this->b = b;
    }

    void printComplex()
    {
        cout << "( " << this->a << ", " << this->b << "i )" << endl;
    }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream & os, Complex &c);
    friend istream & operator>>(istream &is, Complex &c);

    //<<操做符只能寫在全局，不可以寫在成員方法中。不然調用的順序會變飯，c1<<cout;
#if 0
    ostream& operator<<(ostream &os) //c1.operator<<(cout)
    {
        os << "( " << this->a << ", " << this->b << "i )";
        return os;
    }
#endif

private:
    int a;//實數
    int b;//虛數
};

#if 1
ostream& operator<<(ostream & os, Complex &c)
{
    os << "( " << c.a << ", " << c.b << "i )";

    return os;
}

istream & operator>>(istream &is, Complex &c)
{
    cout << "a:";
    is >> c.a;
    cout << "b:";
    is >> c.b;

    return is;
}
#endif

int main(void)
{
    Complex c1(1, 2);
    
    cin >> c1;//operaotr>>(cin, c1)

    cout << c1;
    //c1 << cout;
    //cout.operator<<(c1);

    //cout << c1 << "   " <<c1<< endl;//operator<<(cout, c1);
    
    return 0;
}