ios網絡編程(http、socket)

http編程綜述:亦可稱爲soap編程。一般狀況下,http編程要比socket編程相對要簡單易用得多。因此用的最廣普遍。web

1、http編程其實就是http請求。http請求最長用的方法是 get 和 post 方法。編程

==》get方法和post方法相比理解起來比較簡單,get方法能夠直接請求一個url,也能夠url後面拼接上參數做爲一個新的url地址進行請求。get方法後面的value要通過unicode編碼。form的enctype屬性默認爲application/x-www-form-urlencoded。不能發送二進制文件。
==》post方法相對要複雜一些。首先post方法要設置key和value ,全部的key和value都會拼接成 key1=value1&key2=value2的樣式的字符串,而後這個字符串轉化爲二進制放到 http請求的body中。當請求發送的時候,也就跟隨body一塊兒傳給服務器。http請求Content-Type設置爲:application/x-www-form-urlencoded。這裏講的只是簡單的post請求,通常發送文件不會選擇這種方式(從技術方面考慮也能夠發送文件,就是把文件以 key 和 value的方式放入)。下面咱們再討論一下post發送二進制文件更加廣泛的方法。緩存

2、HTTP協議是什麼?
簡單來講,就是一個基於應用層的通訊規範:雙方要進行通訊,你們都要遵照一個規範,這個規範就是HTTP協議。
HTTP協議能作什麼?
不少人首先必定會想到:瀏覽網頁。沒錯,瀏覽網頁是HTTP的主要應用,可是這並不表明HTTP就只能應用於網頁的瀏覽。HTTP是一種協議,只要通訊的雙方都遵照這個協議,HTTP就能有用武之地。好比我們經常使用的QQ,迅雷這些軟件,都會使用HTTP協議(還包括其餘的協議)。
HTTP協議如何工做?
你們都知道通常的通訊流程:首先客戶端發送一個請求(request)給服務器,服務器在接收到這個請求後將生成一個響應(response)返回給客戶端。
在這個通訊的過程當中HTTP協議在如下4個方面作了規定:
服務器

1.         Request和Response的格式()
2.         創建鏈接的方式(一、非持久鏈接 二、持久鏈接)
3.         緩存的機制
4.         響應受權激發機制網絡

(應用場合)
5.        基於HTTP的應用(一、 HTTP代理 二、多線程下載 三、 HTTPS傳輸協議原理 四、開發web程序時經常使用的Request Methods 五、用戶與服務器的交互)多線程

經常使用cocoa內部類: app

1,Reachability.h 蘋果demo支持網絡鏈接診斷less

2,NSConnection鏈接、NSMutableURLRequest URL網址的請求封裝包socket

3,NSXMLParser XML解析ide

經常使用第三方庫:

1,ASIHttprequest 庫

操做步驟:

1:檢查網絡環境(3G/WIFI)
2:發起NSConnection請求
3:處理返回xml數據包(NSXMLParser解析xml文件),或者返回文件png、pdf之類
4:若返回數據包中含有待下載的圖片下載地址。則重複二、3步驟下載下來圖片。只不過3中返回的是文件。

socket編程綜述:

經常使用cocoa內部類:

經常使用第三方庫:1,Asyncsocket庫

操做步驟:


http網絡編程實例   

一:確認網絡環境3G/WIFI 

 
    1. 添加源文件和framework 
     
    開發Web等網絡應用程序的時候,須要確認網絡環境,鏈接狀況等信息。若是沒有處理它們,是不會經過Apple的審查的。 
    Apple 的 例程 Reachability 中介紹了取得/檢測網絡狀態的方法。要在應用程序程序中使用Reachability,首先要完成以下兩部: 
     
    1.1. 添加源文件: 
    在你的程序中使用 Reachability 只須將該例程中的 Reachability.h 和 Reachability.m 拷貝到你的工程中。以下圖: 
 
     
     
    1.2.添加framework: 
    將SystemConfiguration.framework 添加進工程。以下圖: 
     
     
    2. 網絡狀態 
     
    Reachability.h中定義了三種網絡狀態: 
    typedef enum { 
        NotReachable = 0,            //無鏈接 
        ReachableViaWiFi,            //使用3G/GPRS網絡 
        ReachableViaWWAN            //使用WiFi網絡 
    } NetworkStatus; 
     
    所以能夠這樣檢查網絡狀態: 
 
    Reachability *r = [Reachability reachabilityWithHostName:@「www.apple.com」]; 
    switch ([r currentReachabilityStatus]) { 
            case NotReachable: 
                    // 沒有網絡鏈接 
                    break; 
            case ReachableViaWWAN: 
                    // 使用3G網絡 
                    break; 
            case ReachableViaWiFi: 
                    // 使用WiFi網絡 
                    break; 
    } 
     
    3.檢查當前網絡環境 
    程序啓動時,若是想檢測可用的網絡環境,能夠像這樣 
    // 是否wifi 
    + (BOOL) IsEnableWIFI { 
        return ([[Reachability reachabilityForLocalWiFi] currentReachabilityStatus] != NotReachable); 
    } 
 
    // 是否3G 
    + (BOOL) IsEnable3G { 
        return ([[Reachability reachabilityForInternetConnection] currentReachabilityStatus] != NotReachable); 
    } 
    例子: 
    - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {     
    if (([Reachability reachabilityForInternetConnection].currentReachabilityStatus == NotReachable) &&  
            ([Reachability reachabilityForLocalWiFi].currentReachabilityStatus == NotReachable)) { 
            self.navigationItem.hidesBackButton = YES; 
            [self.navigationItem setLeftBarButtonItem:nil animated:NO]; 
        } 
    } 
 
    4. 連接狀態的實時通知 
    網絡鏈接狀態的實時檢查,通知在網絡應用中也是十分必要的。接續狀態發生變化時,須要及時地通知用戶: 
     
    Reachability 1.5版本 
    // My.AppDelegate.h 
    #import "Reachability.h" 
 
    @interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { 
        NetworkStatus remoteHostStatus; 
    } 
 
    @property NetworkStatus remoteHostStatus; 
 
    @end 
 
    // My.AppDelegate.m 
    #import "MyAppDelegate.h" 
 
    @implementation MyAppDelegate 
    @synthesize remoteHostStatus; 
 
    // 更新網絡狀態 
    - (void)updateStatus { 
        self.remoteHostStatus = [[Reachability sharedReachability] remoteHostStatus]; 
    } 
 
    // 通知網絡狀態 
    - (void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification *)note { 
        [self updateStatus]; 
        if (self.remoteHostStatus == NotReachable) { 
            UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"AppName", nil) 
                         message:NSLocalizedString (@"NotReachable", nil) 
                        delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles: nil]; 
            [alert show]; 
            [alert release]; 
        } 
    } 
 
    // 程序啓動器,啓動網絡監視 
    - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { 
     
        // 設置網絡檢測的站點 
        [[Reachability sharedReachability] setHostName:@"www.apple.com"]; 
        [[Reachability sharedReachability] setNetworkStatusNotificati*****Enabled:YES]; 
        // 設置網絡狀態變化時的通知函數 
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:) 
                                                 name:@"kNetworkReachabilityChangedNotification" object:nil]; 
        [self updateStatus]; 
    } 
 
    - (void)dealloc { 
        // 刪除通知對象 
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self]; 
        [window release]; 
        [super dealloc]; 
    }  
     
    Reachability 2.0版本 
     
 
    // MyAppDelegate.h 
    @class Reachability; 
 
        @interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { 
            Reachability  *hostReach; 
        } 
 
    @end 
 
    // MyAppDelegate.m 
    - (void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification *)note { 
        Reachability* curReach = [note object]; 
        NSParameterAssert([curReach isKindOfClass: [Reachability class]]); 
        NetworkStatus status = [curReach currentReachabilityStatus]; 
     
        if (status == NotReachable) { 
            UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"AppName"" 
                              message:@"NotReachable" 
                              delegate:nil 
                              cancelButtonTitle:@"YES" otherButtonTitles:nil]; 
                              [alert show]; 
                              [alert release]; 
        } 
    } 
                               
    - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { 
        // ... 
                   
        // 監測網絡狀況 
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self 
                              selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:) 
                              name: kReachabilityChangedNotification 
                              object: nil]; 
        hostReach = [[Reachability reachabilityWithHostName:@"www.google.com"] retain]; 
        hostReach startNotifer]; 
        // ... 
    } 
 
 
二:使用NSConnection下載數據 
     
    1.建立NSConnection對象,設置委託對象 
     
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:[self urlString]]]; 
    [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self]; 
     
    2. NSURLConnection delegate委託方法 
        - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResp*****e:(NSURLResp*****e *)resp*****e;   
        - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;   
        - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data;   
        - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection;   
 
    3. 實現委託方法 
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResp*****e:(NSURLResp*****e *)resp*****e { 
        // store data 
        [self.receivedData setLength:0];            //一般在這裏先清空接受數據的緩存 
    } 
     
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { 
           /* appends the new data to the received data */ 
        [self.receivedData appendData:data];        //可能屢次收到數據,把新的數據添加在現有數據最後 
    } 
 
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { 
        // 錯誤處理 
    } 
 
    - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { 
        // disconnect 
        [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;    
        NSString *returnString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.receivedData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 
        NSLog(returnString); 
        [self urlLoaded:[self urlString] data:self.receivedData]; 
        firstTimeDownloaded = YES; 
    } 
 
三:使用NSXMLParser解析xml文件 
 
    1. 設置委託對象,開始解析 
    NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:data];   //或者也可使用initWithContentsOfURL直接下載文件,可是有一個緣由不這麼作: 
    // It's also possible to have NSXMLParser download the data, by passing it a URL, but this is not desirable 
    // because it gives less control over the network, particularly in responding to connection errors. 
    [parser setDelegate:self]; 
    [parser parse]; 
 
    2. 經常使用的委託方法 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName  
                                namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI 
                                qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName  
                                attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict; 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName  
                                namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI  
                                qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName; 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string; 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser parseErrorOccurred:(NSError *)parseError; 
 
    static NSString *feedURLString = @"http://www.yifeiyang.net/test/test.xml"; 
 
    3.  應用舉例 
    - (void)parseXMLFileAtURL:(NSURL *)URL parseError:(NSError **)error 
    { 
        NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:URL]; 
        [parser setDelegate:self]; 
        [parser setShouldProcessNamespaces:NO]; 
        [parser setShouldReportNamespacePrefixes:NO]; 
        [parser setShouldResolveExternalEntities:NO]; 
        [parser parse]; 
        NSError *parseError = [parser parserError]; 
        if (parseError && error) { 
            *error = parseError; 
        } 
        [parser release]; 
    } 
 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI  
                                        qualifiedName:(NSString*)qName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict{ 
        // 元素開始句柄 
        if (qName) { 
            elementName = qName; 
        } 
        if ([elementName isEqualToString:@"user"]) { 
            // 輸出屬性值 
            NSLog(@"Name is %@ , Age is %@", [attributeDict objectForKey:@"name"], [attributeDict objectForKey:@"age"]); 
        } 
    } 
 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI  
                                        qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName 
    { 
        // 元素終了句柄 
        if (qName) { 
               elementName = qName; 
        } 
    } 
 
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string 
    { 
        // 取得元素的text 
    } 
 
    NSError *parseError = nil; 
    [self parseXMLFileAtURL:[NSURL URLWithString:feedURLString] parseError:&parseError]; 

//實例

//

//  NLViewController.m

//  NetWorkTest

//

//  Created by Nono on 12-5-16.

//  Copyright (c) 2012年 NonoWithLilith. All rights reserved.

//

#import "NLViewController.h"

@interface NLViewController ()

@end

@implementation NLViewController

@synthesize label = _label;

@synthesize data = _data;

@synthesize connection = _connection;

- (void)dealloc{

    [self.label release];

    [self.data release];

    [super dealloc];

}

- (void)viewDidLoad

{

    [super viewDidLoad];

    UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10.0, 10.0, 300.0, 400)];

    self.label = label;

    label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;

    [label setNumberOfLines:0];

    label.lineBreakMode = UILineBreakModeWordWrap; 

    self.label.text = @"正在在請求數據";

    [self.view addSubview:label];

    [label release];

    //step 1:請求地址

    NSString *urlString = @"http://www.google.com";

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];

    //step 2:實例化一個request

    NSURLRequest *requrst = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:30.0];

    //step 3:建立連接

    self.connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:requrst delegate:self];

    if ( self.connection) {

        NSLog(@"連接成功");

    }else {

        NSLog(@"連接失敗");

    }

    

    [url release];

    [urlString release];

    [requrst release];

// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

}

- (void)viewDidUnload

{

    self.label = nil;

    self.data = nil;

    [super viewDidUnload];

    // Release any retained subviews of the main view.

}

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation

{

    return (interfaceOrientation != UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown);

}

#pragma mark-

#pragma NSUrlConnectionDelegate methods

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response

{

    //接受一個服務端回話,再次通常初始化接受數據的對象

   

    NSLog(@"返回數據類型:%@",[response textEncodingName]); 

    NSMutableData *d = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];

     self.data = d;

    [d release];

}

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data

{

    //接受返回數據,這個方法可能會被調用屢次,所以將屢次返回數據加起來

    

    NSUInteger datalength = [data length];

    NSLog(@"返回數據量:%d",datalength);

    [self.data appendData:data];

}

- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection

{

    //鏈接結束

    

    NSLog(@"%d:",[self.data length]);

    NSStringEncoding enc = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);

    NSString *mystr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:_data encoding:enc];

   // string i

    NSLog(@"最後的結果:%@",mystr);

    self.label.text = mystr;

    [mystr release];

    [self.connection release];

}

- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error

{

    //連接錯誤

}

@end

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索