Volley——網絡請求(四)Request

  前面分析了Volley初始化的基本流程,下面咱們來看一看Volley發送請求的過程。  緩存

        StringRequest translateRequset = new StringRequest(Dict_Url + word.toLowerCase(), mResponListener, mErrorListener);
        mQueue.add(translateRequset);

  這是最簡單的發請求過程。服務器

  咱們看一下StringRequest的實現。  app

public class StringRequest extends Request<String> {
    private final Listener<String> mListener;

    /**
     * Creates a new request with the given method.
     *
     * @param method the request {@link Method} to use
     * @param url URL to fetch the string at
     * @param listener Listener to receive the String response
     * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
     */
    public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener,
            ErrorListener errorListener) {
        super(method, url, errorListener);
        mListener = listener;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new GET request.
     *
     * @param url URL to fetch the string at
     * @param listener Listener to receive the String response
     * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
     */
    public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
        this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
    }

    @Override
    protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
        mListener.onResponse(response);
    }

    @Override
    protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
        String parsed;
        try {
            parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            parsed = new String(response.data);
        }
        return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
    }
}

  這個類,主要是一個構造方法,兩個實現方法。咱們一個一個閱讀:socket

  構造方法:ide

    public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener,
            ErrorListener errorListener) {
        super(method, url, errorListener);
        mListener = listener;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new GET request.
     *
     * @param url URL to fetch the string at
     * @param listener Listener to receive the String response
     * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
     */
    public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
        this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
    }

    能夠看到,這個方法,主要保存了最後請求完成的監聽,其他的直接使用父類的。所以,咱們順藤摸瓜看一看父類的構造方法。post

    /**
     * Creates a new request with the given method (one of the values from {@link Method}),
     * URL, and error listener.  Note that the normal response listener is not provided here as
     * delivery of responses is provided by subclasses, who have a better idea of how to deliver
     * an already-parsed response.
     */
    public Request(int method, String url, Response.ErrorListener listener) {
        mMethod = method;
        mUrl = url;
        mErrorListener = listener;
        setRetryPolicy(new DefaultRetryPolicy());

        mDefaultTrafficStatsTag = findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(url);
    }

 

  咱們先來看findDefaultTrafficStatesTag方法,由於它比較簡單。fetch

    /**
     * @return The hashcode of the URL's host component, or 0 if there is none.
     */
    private static int findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(String url) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
            Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
            if (uri != null) {
                String host = uri.getHost();
                if (host != null) {
                    return host.hashCode();
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

 

  咱們能夠看到,這個方法,主要是將url解析爲Uri,並取出它的host的hashCode。this

  而後,咱們看看DefaultRetryPolicy這個類,看看默認的重發策略是什麼樣的。  編碼

    /** The default socket timeout in milliseconds */
    public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500;

    /** The default number of retries */
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 1;

    /** The default backoff multiplier */
    public static final float DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT = 1f;

    /**
     * Constructs a new retry policy using the default timeouts.
     */
    public DefaultRetryPolicy() {
        this(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new retry policy.
     * @param initialTimeoutMs The initial timeout for the policy.
     * @param maxNumRetries The maximum number of retries.
     * @param backoffMultiplier Backoff multiplier for the policy.
     */
    public DefaultRetryPolicy(int initialTimeoutMs, int maxNumRetries, float backoffMultiplier) {
        mCurrentTimeoutMs = initialTimeoutMs;
        mMaxNumRetries = maxNumRetries;
        mBackoffMultiplier = backoffMultiplier;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current timeout.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCurrentTimeout() {
        return mCurrentTimeoutMs;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current retry count.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCurrentRetryCount() {
        return mCurrentRetryCount;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the backoff multiplier for the policy.
     */
    public float getBackoffMultiplier() {
        return mBackoffMultiplier;
    }

 

  這一段中不難發現,咱們默認的重發策略是2500ms定義爲超時,重發次數爲1次,DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT=1.0f。DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT稱爲超時因子,每次重發,超時都會乘上這個因子:url

    /**
     * Prepares for the next retry by applying a backoff to the timeout.
     * @param error The error code of the last attempt.
     */
    @Override
    public void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError {
        mCurrentRetryCount++;
        mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier);
        if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) {
            throw error;
        }
    }

 

  至此,咱們對於StringRequest的構造方法閱讀完成。

 

  接下來就來看兩個核心方法:deliverResponse和parseNetworkResponse。先不看內容,咱們先來看這兩個方法在哪裏調用的,其實在以前的文章中提到過,可是可能不少人,包括我本身也忘記了,因此此處來回顧一下。

  在RequestQueue中,咱們有以下代碼:

  

    public void start() {
        stop();  // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
        // Create the cache dispatcher and start it.
        mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
        mCacheDispatcher.start();

        // Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size.
        for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
            NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork,
                    mCache, mDelivery);
            mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
            networkDispatcher.start();
        }
    }

  其中networkDispatcher是Thread的子類,networkDispatcher的run方法中:

……               
         // Parse the response here on the worker thread.
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
                request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");
……

 

  而另外一個方法,則是在ExecutorDelivery中,咱們在networkDispatcher中也能夠找到它的蹤影:

                mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
            } catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
                VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(e);
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError);
            }

 

  mDelivery的類型就是ExecutorDelivery。ExecutorDelivery類咱們尚未讀過,這個放在後面。下面咱們來看看deliverResponse和parseNetworkResponse的實現。

  

    @Override
    protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
        mListener.onResponse(response);
    }

    @Override
    protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
        String parsed;
        try {
            parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            parsed = new String(response.data);
        }
        return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
    }

 

  deliverResponse不用多說,parseNetworkResponse中,直接用byte[]類型的response中的data,生成字符串。而字符串的編碼方式,則須要從請求的響應中進行解析。

  咱們來看一看解析的方法:

    public static String parseCharset(Map<String, String> headers, String defaultCharset) {
        String contentType = headers.get(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE);
        if (contentType != null) {
            String[] params = contentType.split(";");
            for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++) {
                String[] pair = params[i].trim().split("=");
                if (pair.length == 2) {
                    if (pair[0].equals("charset")) {
                        return pair[1];
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return defaultCharset;
    }

 

  在headers的Content-Type字段中,咱們能夠讀出不少信息,它們以分號彼此區分。咱們找到其中關於charset的設置,將其返回。

  最後咱們來看一看Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));

  

/**
     * Extracts a {@link Cache.Entry} from a {@link NetworkResponse}.
     *
     * @param response The network response to parse headers from
     * @return a cache entry for the given response, or null if the response is not cacheable.
     */
    public static Cache.Entry parseCacheHeaders(NetworkResponse response) {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Map<String, String> headers = response.headers;

        long serverDate = 0;
        long lastModified = 0;
        long serverExpires = 0;
        long softExpire = 0;
        long finalExpire = 0;
        long maxAge = 0;
        long staleWhileRevalidate = 0;
        boolean hasCacheControl = false;
        boolean mustRevalidate = false;

        String serverEtag = null;
        String headerValue;

        headerValue = headers.get("Date");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            serverDate = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Cache-Control");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            hasCacheControl = true;
            String[] tokens = headerValue.split(",");
            for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
                String token = tokens[i].trim();
                if (token.equals("no-cache") || token.equals("no-store")) {
                    return null;
                } else if (token.startsWith("max-age=")) {
                    try {
                        maxAge = Long.parseLong(token.substring(8));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                } else if (token.startsWith("stale-while-revalidate=")) {
                    try {
                        staleWhileRevalidate = Long.parseLong(token.substring(23));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                } else if (token.equals("must-revalidate") || token.equals("proxy-revalidate")) {
                    mustRevalidate = true;
                }
            }
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Expires");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            serverExpires = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Last-Modified");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            lastModified = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        serverEtag = headers.get("ETag");

        // Cache-Control takes precedence over an Expires header, even if both exist and Expires
        // is more restrictive.
        if (hasCacheControl) {
            softExpire = now + maxAge * 1000;
            finalExpire = mustRevalidate
                    ? softExpire
                    : softExpire + staleWhileRevalidate * 1000;
        } else if (serverDate > 0 && serverExpires >= serverDate) {
            // Default semantic for Expire header in HTTP specification is softExpire.
            softExpire = now + (serverExpires - serverDate);
            finalExpire = softExpire;
        }

        Cache.Entry entry = new Cache.Entry();
        entry.data = response.data;
        entry.etag = serverEtag;
        entry.softTtl = softExpire;
        entry.ttl = finalExpire;
        entry.serverDate = serverDate;
        entry.lastModified = lastModified;
        entry.responseHeaders = headers;

        return entry;
    }

    /**
     * Parse date in RFC1123 format, and return its value as epoch
     */
    public static long parseDateAsEpoch(String dateStr) {
        try {
            // Parse date in RFC1123 format if this header contains one
            return DateUtils.parseDate(dateStr).getTime();
        } catch (DateParseException e) {
            // Date in invalid format, fallback to 0
            return 0;
        }
    }

  這一段是解析http的Response中的緩存機制。

  咱們從Response中取出瞭如下一些屬性:Cache-Control;Expires;Last-Modified;Etag

  Cache-Control——緩存控制:    

no-cache  指示請求或響應消息不能緩存(HTTP/1.0用Pragma的no-cache替換)
根據什麼能被緩存
no-store  用於防止重要的信息被無心的發佈。在請求消息中發送將使得請求和響應消息都不使用緩存。
根據緩存超時
max-age  指示客戶機能夠接收生存期不大於指定時間(以秒爲單位)的響應。
min-fresh  指示客戶機能夠接收響應時間小於當前時間加上指定時間的響應。
max-stale  指示客戶機能夠接收超出超時期間的響應消息。若是指定max-stale消息的值,那麼客戶機能夠
接收超出超時期指定值以內的響應消息。

 

  Expires:

表示存在時間,容許客戶端在這個時間以前不去檢查(發請求),等同max-age的
效果。可是若是同時存在,則被Cache-Control的max-age覆蓋。

  Last-Modified:服務器上文件的最後修改時間

  Etag:

Etag 主要爲了解決 Last-Modified 沒法解決的一些問題。

1、 一些文件也許會週期性的更改,可是他的內容並不改變(僅僅改變的修改時間),這個時候咱們並不但願客戶端認爲這個文件被修改了,而從新GET;

二、某些文件修改很是頻繁,好比在秒如下的時間內進行修改,(比方說1s內修改了N次),If-Modified-Since能檢查到的粒度是s級的,這種修改沒法判斷(或者說UNIX記錄MTIME只能精確到秒)

3、某些服務器不能精確的獲得文件的最後修改時間;

爲此,HTTP/1.1 引入了 Etag(Entity Tags).Etag僅僅是一個和文件相關的標記,能夠是一個版本標記,好比說v1.0.0或者說"2e681a-6-5d044840"這麼一串看起來很神祕的編碼。可是HTTP/1.1標準並無規定Etag的內容是什麼或者說要怎麼實現,惟一規定的是Etag須要放在""內。

 

  最後:

    /** Returns a successful response containing the parsed result. */
    public static <T> Response<T> success(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry) {
        return new Response<T>(result, cacheEntry);
    }

    private Response(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry) {
        this.result = result;
        this.cacheEntry = cacheEntry;
        this.error = null;
    }

 

 

 Done~~

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