MariaDB加密複製測試
環境：
192.168.205.37: as master server
192.168.205.47: as middle server
192.168.205.57: as slave servernode
版本：
OS: centos 7 1810 with mini install
mariadb-5.5.60mysql
目地：
有時咱們的數據庫複製可能要跨網絡複製，若是不想在複製過程當中讓別人嗅探，咱們可使用ssl協議實現複製過程當中數據的加密傳輸，此實驗使用三臺服務器實現半同步複製，並他複製之間啓用加密複製git
使用以下腳本安裝三臺主從服務器
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使用以下腳本安裝三臺服務器sql
[root@centos7 data]#cat /data/maridb_yum.sh #!/bin/bash # use last digit of IP as server-id ID=`ip a show dev eth0 | sed -r '3!d;s@(.*inet)(.*)(/.*)@\2@' | cut -d. -f4` # install mariadb-server and create data and logs directory rpm -q mariadb-server ||yum install -y mariadb-server [ -d /data/mysql ] || mkdir -p /data/mysql [ -d /data/logs ] || mkdir -p /data/logs chown mysql:mysql /data/{mysql,logs} # modify the my.cnf #設置數據文件位置 sed -i 's@datadir=/var/lib/mysql@datadir=/data/mysql@' /etc/my.cnf #開啓二進制日誌並文件的起始名稱 sed -i 's@log-bin=mysql-bin@log-bin=/data/logs/bin@' /etc/my.cnf #設置innodb表分離文件 grep "innodb_file_per_table" /etc/my.cnf || sed -i '/\[mysqld\]/a innodb_file_per_table = on' /etc/my.cnf #跳過名稱解析 grep "skip_name_resolve" /etc/my.cnf || sed -i '/\[mysqld\]/a skip_name_resolve = on' /etc/my.cnf #將server-id設爲eth0的IP的最後一位數，可跟據本身的需求更改 grep "server-id" /etc/my.cnf || sed -i "/\[mysqld\]/a server-id=$ID" /etc/my.cnf #啓動服務 service mariadb restart主服務器的配置
- 查看一下半同步插件的文件名稱
[root@slave1 ~]#rpm -ql mariadb-server … /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/semisync_master.so /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/semisync_slave.so …
- 在主服務器上創建複製賬號
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.205.%' identified by 'centos';
- 在主服務器上肯定複製的位置
MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------+-----------+ | bin.000001 | 30373 | | bin.000002 | 1038814 | | bin.000003 | 401 | +------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 主服務器上安裝半同步插件
MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
- 查看半同步的變量
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%'; +------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | OFF | | rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON | +------------------------------------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- enable半同步複製
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=on
- 查看半同步變量
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%'; +------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON | | rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 | | rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON | +------------------------------------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看半同步狀態
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%'; +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 363 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 25473 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 70 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 380 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 13305 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 35 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 35 | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在兩臺從服務器的配置
- 從服務器上運行change master to
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.205.37', -> MASTER_USER='repluser', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='bin.000003', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=401, -> MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) - 安裝插件在從服務器上，沒開啓同步狀態爲OFF
MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%semi%'; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF | | rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 | +---------------------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 開啓半同步，此時再查看同步變量爲ON
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=on; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%semi%'; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON | | rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 | +---------------------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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此進查看狀態爲OFF,咱們須要開啓slave線程數據庫
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%'; +----------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | OFF | +----------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start salve; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'salve' at line 1 MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%'; +----------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | ON | +----------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.205.37 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 10 Master_Log_File: bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 401 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 523 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes - 此時咱們在主服務器上查看半同步的狀態
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%'; +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 2 | #已經有兩個客戶端說明正常 | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 363 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 25473 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 70 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 380 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 13305 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 35 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 35 | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ 14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 測試將一個庫文件導入到主服務器上，在兩個從服務器上查看是否同步
[root@master ~]#mysql < hellodb_innodb.sql MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 兩臺從服務器上查看庫 MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
準備CA和證書
- 爲了簡化咱們在主服務器上產生一個自簽名的根證書，首先產生一個私鑰
[root@master ~]#mkdir /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl [root@master ~]#cd /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl [root@master ssl]#openssl genrsa 2048 > cakey.pem
- 利用私鑰產生自簽名的根證書
[root@master ssl]#openssl req -new -x509 -key cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
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爲簡化咱們先產生一個私鑰，並使用這個私鑰爲master生成證書請求文件，注意這時不是證書，是證書請求文件centos
[root@master ssl]#openssl req -newkey rsa:1024 -days 365 -nodes -keyout master.key > master.csr Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key .............++++++ ...++++++ writing new private key to 'master.key' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:contoso Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:devops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:master.contoso.com Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: [root@centos7 ssl]#ls cacert.pem cakey.pem master.csr master.key
- 根據請求文件生成證書文件
[root@master ssl]#openssl x509 -req -in master.csr -CA cacert.pem -CAkey cakey.pem -set_serial 01 > master.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=beijing/L=beijing/O=contoso/OU=devops/CN=master.contoso.com Getting CA Private Key [root@master ssl]#ll total 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1334 Aug 11 21:55 cacert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Aug 11 21:52 cakey.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1034 Aug 11 23:01 master.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Aug 11 21:59 master.csr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 Aug 11 21:59 master.key
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重複18和19再生成兩個從節點證書文件bash
[root@master ssl]#openssl req -newkey rsa:1024 -days 365 -nodes -keyout slave1.key > slave1.csr Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key .....++++++ ........++++++ writing new private key to 'slave1.key' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:contoso Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:devops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:slave1.contoso.com Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: [root@master ssl]#openssl req -newkey rsa:1024 -days 365 -nodes -keyout slave2.key > slave2.csr Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key .++++++ ........++++++ writing new private key to 'slave2.key' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:contoso Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:devops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:slave2.contoso.com Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: [root@master ssl]#openssl x509 -req -in slave1.csr -CA cacert.pem -CAkey cakey.pem -set_serial 02 > slave1.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=beijing/L=beijing/O=contoso/OU=devops/CN=slave1.contoso.com Getting CA Private Key [root@master ssl]#openssl x509 -req -in slave2.csr -CA cacert.pem -CAkey cakey.pem -set_serial 03 > slave2.crt Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=beijing/L=beijing/O=contoso/OU=devops/CN=slave2.contoso.com Getting CA Private Key
- 最終生成以下的文件
[root@master ssl]#ll total 44 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1334 Aug 11 21:55 cacert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Aug 11 21:52 cakey.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1034 Aug 11 23:01 master.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Aug 11 21:59 master.csr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 Aug 11 21:59 master.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1034 Aug 11 23:05 slave1.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Aug 11 23:04 slave1.csr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 Aug 11 23:04 slave1.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1034 Aug 11 23:06 slave2.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Aug 11 23:05 slave2.csr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 Aug 11 23:05 slave2.key
- 將文件複製到從節點上, 正常咱們只須要根證書和本身的私鑰和證書三個文件便可
[root@master ssl]#scp -r /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/ 192.168.205.47:/etc/my.cnf.d/ [root@master ssl]#scp -r /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/ 192.168.205.57:/etc/my.cnf.d/
配置證書在主節點
- 查看加密的相關變量都是空
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%ssl%'; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | | ssl_ca | | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | | +---------------+----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改配置文件
[root@master ssl]#vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] ssl-ca=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/cacert.pem ssl-cert=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/master.crt ssl-key=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/master.key [root@master ssl]#systemctl restart mariadb
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此時查看變量值，但由於你鏈接時沒有起用加密，因此狀態的ssl爲not in use服務器
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%ssl%'; +---------------+------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/cacert.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/master.crt | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/master.key | +---------------+------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 6 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use …
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使用客戶端加密的方式鏈接，能夠看到狀態爲加密的網絡
[root@master ssl]#mysql --ssl-ca=cacert.pem --ssl-cert=master.crt --ssl-key=master.key MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 5 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 …
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咱們再從節點上測試用ssl鏈接主節點session
[root@slave1 ssl]#mysql --ssl-ca=cacert.pem --ssl-cert=slave1.crt --ssl-key=slave1.key -h192.168.205.37 -urepluser -pcentos MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: repluser@192.168.205.47 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
- 但咱們也能夠不用加密去鏈接，因此咱們能夠創建一個用強制使用加密方的鏈接數據庫
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser2@'192.168.205.%' identified by 'centos' require ssl; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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用創建的賬號從另一臺從服務器嘗試去登陸
[root@slave1 ssl]#mysql -h192.168.205.37 -urepluser2 -pcentos ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'repluser2'@'192.168.205.47' (using password: YES) [root@slave1 ssl]#mysql --ssl-ca=cacert.pem --ssl-cert=slave1.crt --ssl-key=slave1.key -h192.168.205.37 -urepluser2 -pcentos Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 14 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 14 Current database: Current user: repluser2@192.168.205.47 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
配置證書在從節點
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因此若是使用repluser2去和主服務器創建複製，咱們須要修改配置文件
[root@slave1 ssl]#vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] ssl-ca=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/cacert.pem ssl-cert=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/slave1.crt ssl-key=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/slave1.key [root@slave1 ssl]#systemctl restart mariadb [root@slave2 ssl]#vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] ssl-ca=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/cacert.pem ssl-cert=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/slave2.crt ssl-key=/etc/my.cnf.d/ssl/salve2.key [root@slave1 ssl]#systemctl restart mariadb
- 在從節點上停掉當前使用的repluser複製，從新使用repluser2進行復制(複製前要肯定主服務器的位置)
MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> reset slave all; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.205.37', -> MASTER_USER='repluser2', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='bin.000004', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=496, -> MASTER_SSL=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) -
啓動slave查看狀態，一鏈接和複製正常
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.205.37 Master_User: repluser2 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 10 Master_Log_File: bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 415 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 693 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes … Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes …測試
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刪除之前不用的複製賬號，建表或刪庫測試，
MariaDB [(none)]> drop user repluser@'192.168.205.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +-----------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +-----------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | | | root | centos7.localdomain | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | centos7.localdomain | | | repluser2 | 192.168.205.% | *128977E278358FF80A246B5046F51043A2B1FCED | +-----------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> create database db1 -> ; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
在從節點上測試庫是否創建, 發現出錯，緣由是從服務器在賬號repluser創建後複製的，因此當咱們刪除時由於從服務器上沒有，因此出錯誤了，解決辦法是跳過此次錯誤， 再次測試，發現db1複製成功，在slave2作一樣的測試。
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.205.37 Master_User: repluser2 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 749 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 602 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 1396 Last_Error: Error 'Operation DROP USER failed for 'repluser'@'192.168.205.%'' on query. Default database: ''. Query: 'drop user repluser@'192.168.205.%'' …. #注意此跳包括正確和錯誤的計數，若是正確的被跳過可能出現錯誤複製。 MariaDB [(none)]> set global sql_slave_skip_counter = 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.205.37 Master_User: repluser2 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 749 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 523 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes …. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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