做者:堅持就是勝利javascript
juejin.im/post/5d5e2616f265da03b638b28ajava
簡介編程
java8也出來很久了,接口默認方法,lambda表達式,函數式接口,Date API等特性仍是有必要去了解一下。好比在項目中常常用到集合,遍歷集合能夠試下lambda表達式,常常還要對集合進行過濾和排序,Stream就派上用場了。用習慣了,不得不說真的很好用。app
Stream做爲java8的新特性,基於lambda表達式,是對集合對象功能的加強,它專一於對集合對象進行各類高效、便利的聚合操做或者大批量的數據操做,提升了編程效率和代碼可讀性。框架
Stream的原理:將要處理的元素看作一種流,流在管道中傳輸,而且能夠在管道的節點上處理,包括過濾篩選、去重、排序、聚合等。元素流在管道中通過中間操做的處理,最後由最終操做獲得前面處理的結果。分佈式
集合有兩種方式生成流:ide
stream() − 爲集合建立串行流函數
parallelStream() - 爲集合建立並行流post
上圖中是Stream類的類結構圖,裏面包含了大部分的中間和終止操做。性能
中間操做主要有如下方法(此類型方法返回的都是Stream):map (mapToInt, flatMap 等)、 filter、 distinct、 sorted、 peek、 limit、 skip、 parallel、 sequential、 unordered
終止操做主要有如下方法:forEach、 forEachOrdered、 toArray、 reduce、 collect、 min、 max、 count、 anyMatch、 allMatch、 noneMatch、 findFirst、 findAny、 iterator
舉例說明
首先爲了說明Stream對對象集合的操做,新建一個Student類(學生類),覆寫了equals()和hashCode()方法
public class Student { private Long id; private String name; private int age; private String address; public Student() {} public Student(Long id, String name, int age, String address) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; this.address = address; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", address='" + address + '\'' + '}'; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Student student = (Student) o; return age == student.age && Objects.equals(id, student.id) && Objects.equals(name, student.name) && Objects.equals(address, student.address); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(id, name, age, address); } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } }
public static void main(String [] args) { Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江"); Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北"); Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京"); Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江"); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students); streamStudents.forEach(System.out::println); } /** * 集合的篩選 * @param students * @return */ private static List<Student> testFilter(List<Student> students) { //篩選年齡大於15歲的學生 // return students.stream().filter(s -> s.getAge()>15).collect(Collectors.toList()); //篩選住在浙江省的學生 return students.stream().filter(s ->"浙江".equals(s.getAddress())).collect(Collectors.toList()); }
運行結果:
這裏咱們建立了四個學生,通過filter的篩選,篩選出地址是浙江的學生集合。
public static void main(String [] args) { Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江"); Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北"); Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京"); Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江"); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); testMap(students); } /** * 集合轉換 * @param students * @return */ private static void testMap(List<Student> students) { //在地址前面加上部分信息,只獲取地址輸出 List<String> addresses = students.stream().map(s ->"住址:"+s.getAddress()).collect(Collectors.toList()); addresses.forEach(a ->System.out.println(a)); }
運行結果
map就是將對應的元素按照給定的方法進行轉換。
public static void main(String [] args) { testDistinct1(); } /** * 集合去重(基本類型) */ private static void testDistinct1() { //簡單字符串的去重 List<String> list = Arrays.asList("111","222","333","111","222"); list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println); }
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) { testDistinct2(); } /** * 集合去重(引用對象) */ private static void testDistinct2() { //引用對象的去重,引用對象要實現hashCode和equal方法,不然去重無效 Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江"); Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北"); Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京"); Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江"); Student s5 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江"); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); students.add(s5); students.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println); }
運行結果:
能夠看出,兩個重複的「肖戰」同窗進行了去重,這不只由於使用了distinct()方法,並且由於Student對象重寫了equals和hashCode()方法,不然去重是無效的。
public static void main(String [] args) { testSort1(); } /** * 集合排序(默認排序) */ private static void testSort1() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111"); list.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println); }
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) { testSort2(); } /** * 集合排序(指定排序規則) */ private static void testSort2() { Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江"); Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北"); Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京"); Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江"); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); students.stream() .sorted((stu1,stu2) ->Long.compare(stu2.getId(), stu1.getId())) .sorted((stu1,stu2) -> Integer.compare(stu2.getAge(),stu1.getAge())) .forEach(System.out::println); }
運行結果:
上面指定排序規則,先按照學生的id進行降序排序,再按照年齡進行降序排序
public static void main(String [] args) { testLimit(); } /** * 集合limit,返回前幾個元素 */ private static void testLimit() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111"); list.stream().limit(2).forEach(System.out::println); }
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) { testSkip(); } /** * 集合skip,刪除前n個元素 */ private static void testSkip() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111"); list.stream().skip(2).forEach(System.out::println); }
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) { testReduce(); } /** * 集合reduce,將集合中每一個元素聚合成一條數據 */ private static void testReduce() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("歡","迎","你"); String appendStr = list.stream().reduce("北京",(a,b) -> a+b); System.out.println(appendStr); }
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) { testMin(); } /** * 求集合中元素的最小值 */ private static void testMin() { Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 14, "浙江"); Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北"); Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京"); Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江"); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); Student minS = students.stream().min((stu1,stu2) ->Integer.compare(stu1.getAge(),stu2.getAge())).get(); System.out.println(minS.toString()); }
運行結果:
上面是求全部學生中年齡最小的一個,max同理,求最大值。
public static void main(String [] args) { testMatch(); } private static void testMatch() { Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江"); Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北"); Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京"); Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江"); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); Boolean anyMatch = students.stream().anyMatch(s ->"湖北".equals(s.getAddress())); if (anyMatch) { System.out.println("有湖北人"); } Boolean allMatch = students.stream().allMatch(s -> s.getAge()>=15); if (allMatch) { System.out.println("全部學生都滿15週歲"); } Boolean noneMatch = students.stream().noneMatch(s -> "楊洋".equals(s.getName())); if (noneMatch) { System.out.println("沒有叫楊洋的同窗"); } }
運行結果:
anyMatch:Stream 中任意一個元素符合傳入的 predicate,返回 true
allMatch:Stream 中所有元素符合傳入的 predicate,返回 true
noneMatch:Stream 中沒有一個元素符合傳入的 predicate,返回 true
總結
上面介紹了Stream經常使用的一些方法,雖然對集合的遍歷和操做能夠用之前常規的方式,可是當業務邏輯複雜的時候,你會發現代碼量不少,可讀性不好,明明一行代碼解決的事情,你卻寫了好幾行。試試lambda表達式,試試Stream,你會有不同的體驗。
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