java8也出來很久了,接口默認方法,lambda表達式,函數式接口,Date API等特性仍是有必要去了解一下。好比在項目中常常用到集合,遍歷集合能夠試下lambda表達式,常常還要對集合進行過濾和排序,Stream就派上用場了。用習慣了,不得不說真的很好用。
Stream做爲java8的新特性,基於lambda表達式,是對集合對象功能的加強,它專一於對集合對象進行各類高效、便利的聚合操做或者大批量的數據操做,提升了編程效率和代碼可讀性。
Stream的原理:將要處理的元素看作一種流,流在管道中傳輸,而且能夠在管道的節點上處理,包括過濾篩選、去重、排序、聚合等。元素流在管道中通過中間操做的處理,最後由最終操做獲得前面處理的結果。
集合有兩種方式生成流:java
上圖中是Stream類的類結構圖,裏面包含了大部分的中間和終止操做。編程
首先爲了說明Stream對對象集合的操做,新建一個Student類(學生類),覆寫了equals()和hashCode()方法bash
public class Student {
private Long id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public Student() {}
public Student(Long id, String name, int age, String address) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", address='" + address + '\'' + '}'; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Student student = (Student) o; return age == student.age && Objects.equals(id, student.id) && Objects.equals(name, student.name) && Objects.equals(address, student.address); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(id, name, age, address); } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } } 複製代碼
public static void main(String [] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students);
streamStudents.forEach(System.out::println);
}
/**
* 集合的篩選
* @param students
* @return
*/
private static List<Student> testFilter(List<Student> students) {
//篩選年齡大於15歲的學生
// return students.stream().filter(s -> s.getAge()>15).collect(Collectors.toList());
//篩選住在浙江省的學生
return students.stream().filter(s ->"浙江".equals(s.getAddress())).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
複製代碼
運行結果:app
這裏咱們建立了四個學生,通過filter的篩選,篩選出地址是浙江的學生集合。public static void main(String [] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
testMap(students);
}
/**
* 集合轉換
* @param students
* @return
*/
private static void testMap(List<Student> students) {
//在地址前面加上部分信息,只獲取地址輸出
List<String> addresses = students.stream().map(s ->"住址:"+s.getAddress()).collect(Collectors.toList());
addresses.forEach(a ->System.out.println(a));
}
複製代碼
運行結果ide
map就是將對應的元素按照給定的方法進行轉換。public static void main(String [] args) {
testDistinct1();
}
/**
* 集合去重(基本類型)
*/
private static void testDistinct1() {
//簡單字符串的去重
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("111","222","333","111","222");
list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:函數
public static void main(String [] args) {
testDistinct2();
}
/**
* 集合去重(引用對象)
*/
private static void testDistinct2() {
//引用對象的去重,引用對象要實現hashCode和equal方法,不然去重無效
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江");
Student s5 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
students.add(s5);
students.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:ui
能夠看出,兩個重複的「肖戰」同窗進行了去重,這不只由於使用了distinct()方法,並且由於Student對象重寫了equals和hashCode()方法,不然去重是無效的。public static void main(String [] args) {
testSort1();
}
/**
* 集合排序(默認排序)
*/
private static void testSort1() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111");
list.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:this
public static void main(String [] args) {
testSort2();
}
/**
* 集合排序(指定排序規則)
*/
private static void testSort2() {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
students.stream()
.sorted((stu1,stu2) ->Long.compare(stu2.getId(), stu1.getId()))
.sorted((stu1,stu2) -> Integer.compare(stu2.getAge(),stu1.getAge()))
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:spa
上面指定排序規則,先按照學生的id進行降序排序,再按照年齡進行降序排序public static void main(String [] args) {
testLimit();
}
/**
* 集合limit,返回前幾個元素
*/
private static void testLimit() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111");
list.stream().limit(2).forEach(System.out::println);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:3d
public static void main(String [] args) {
testSkip();
}
/**
* 集合skip,刪除前n個元素
*/
private static void testSkip() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333","222","111");
list.stream().skip(2).forEach(System.out::println);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) {
testReduce();
}
/**
* 集合reduce,將集合中每一個元素聚合成一條數據
*/
private static void testReduce() {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("歡","迎","你");
String appendStr = list.stream().reduce("北京",(a,b) -> a+b);
System.out.println(appendStr);
}
複製代碼
運行結果:
public static void main(String [] args) {
testMin();
}
/**
* 求集合中元素的最小值
*/
private static void testMin() {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 14, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
Student minS = students.stream().min((stu1,stu2) ->Integer.compare(stu1.getAge(),stu2.getAge())).get();
System.out.println(minS.toString());
}
複製代碼
運行結果:
上面是求全部學生中年齡最小的一個,max同理,求最大值。public static void main(String [] args) {
testMatch();
}
private static void testMatch() {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖戰", 15, "浙江");
Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
Student s3 = new Student(3L, "楊紫", 17, "北京");
Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李現", 17, "浙江");
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(s1);
students.add(s2);
students.add(s3);
students.add(s4);
Boolean anyMatch = students.stream().anyMatch(s ->"湖北".equals(s.getAddress()));
if (anyMatch) {
System.out.println("有湖北人");
}
Boolean allMatch = students.stream().allMatch(s -> s.getAge()>=15);
if (allMatch) {
System.out.println("全部學生都滿15週歲");
}
Boolean noneMatch = students.stream().noneMatch(s -> "楊洋".equals(s.getName()));
if (noneMatch) {
System.out.println("沒有叫楊洋的同窗");
}
}
複製代碼
運行結果
上面介紹了Stream經常使用的一些方法,雖然對集合的遍歷和操做能夠用之前常規的方式,可是當業務邏輯複雜的時候,你會發現代碼量不少,可讀性不好,明明一行代碼解決的事情,你卻寫了好幾行。試試lambda表達式,試試Stream,你會有不同的體驗。