深拷貝(深複製)和淺拷貝(淺複製)是兩個比較通用的概念,尤爲在C++語言中,若不弄懂,則會在delete的時候出問題,可是咱們在這幸虧用的是Java。雖然java自動管理對象的回收,但對於深拷貝(深複製)和淺拷貝(淺複製),咱們仍是要給予足夠的重視,由於有時這兩個概念每每會給咱們帶來不小的困惑。java
淺拷貝是指拷貝對象時僅僅拷貝對象自己(包括對象中的基本變量),而不拷貝對象包含的引用指向的對象。深拷貝不只拷貝對象自己,並且拷貝對象包含的引用指向的全部對象。舉例來講更加清楚:對象A1中包含對B1的引用,B1中包含對C1的引用。淺拷貝A1獲得A2,A2 中依然包含對B1的引用,B1中依然包含對C1的引用。深拷貝則是對淺拷貝的遞歸,深拷貝A1獲得A2,A2中包含對B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含對C2(C1的copy)的引用。框架
若不對clone()方法進行改寫,則調用此方法獲得的對象即爲淺拷貝,下面咱們着重談一下深拷貝。this
運行下面的程序,看一看淺拷貝:spa
class
Professor0
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
int
age;
Professor0(String name,
int
age) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
}
public
Object clone()
throws
CloneNotSupportedException {
return
super
.clone();
}
}
class
Student0
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
// 常量對象。
int
age;
Professor0 p;
// 學生1和學生2的引用值都是同樣的。
Student0(String name,
int
age, Professor0 p) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
this
.p = p;
}
public
Object clone() {
Student0 o =
null
;
try
{
o = (Student0)
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return
o;
}
}
public
class
ShallowCopy {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
Professor0 p =
new
Professor0(
"wangwu"
,
50
);
Student0 s1 =
new
Student0(
"zhangsan"
,
18
, p);
Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
s2.p.name =
"lisi"
;
s2.p.age =
30
;
s2.name =
"z"
;
s2.age =
45
;
System.out.println(
"學生s1的姓名:"
+ s1.name +
"\n學生s1教授的姓名:"
+ s1.p.name +
","
+
"\n學生s1教授的年紀"
+ s1.p.age);
// 學生1的教授
}
}
|
s2變了,但s1也變了,證實s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一個對象。這在咱們有的實際需求中,卻不是這樣,於是咱們須要深拷貝:code
class
Professor
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
int
age;
Professor(String name,
int
age) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
}
public
Object clone() {
Object o =
null
;
try
{
o =
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return
o;
}
}
class
Student
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
int
age;
Professor p;
Student(String name,
int
age, Professor p) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
this
.p = p;
}
public
Object clone() {
Student o =
null
;
try
{
o = (Student)
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
o.p = (Professor) p.clone();
return
o;
}
}
public
class
DeepCopy {
public
static
void
main(String args[]) {
long
t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor p =
new
Professor(
"wangwu"
,
50
);
Student s1 =
new
Student(
"zhangsan"
,
18
, p);
Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
s2.p.name =
"lisi"
;
s2.p.age =
30
;
System.out.println(
"name="
+ s1.p.name +
","
+
"age="
+ s1.p.age);
// 學生1的教授不改變。
long
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);
}
}
|
固然咱們還有一種深拷貝方法,就是將對象串行化:對象
import
java.io.*;
//Serialization is time-consuming
class
Professor2
implements
Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
int
age;
Professor2(String name,
int
age) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
}
}
class
Student2
implements
Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
// 常量對象。
int
age;
Professor2 p;
// 學生1和學生2的引用值都是同樣的。
Student2(String name,
int
age, Professor2 p) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
this
.p = p;
}
public
Object deepClone()
throws
IOException, OptionalDataException,
ClassNotFoundException {
// 將對象寫到流裏
ByteArrayOutputStream bo =
new
ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oo =
new
ObjectOutputStream(bo);
oo.writeObject(
this
);
// 從流裏讀出來
ByteArrayInputStream bi =
new
ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream oi =
new
ObjectInputStream(bi);
return
(oi.readObject());
}
}
public
class
DeepCopy2 {
/**
* @param args
*/
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
OptionalDataException,
IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
long
t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor2 p =
new
Professor2(
"wangwu"
,
50
);
Student2 s1 =
new
Student2(
"zhangsan"
,
18
, p);
Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
s2.p.name =
"lisi"
;
s2.p.age =
30
;
System.out.println(
"name="
+ s1.p.name +
","
+
"age="
+ s1.p.age);
// 學生1的教授不改變。
long
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);
}
}
|
可是串行化卻很耗時,在一些框架中,咱們即可以感覺到,它們每每將對象進行串行化後進行傳遞,耗時較多。blog