所謂管理距離(AD)就是指一種路由協議的可信度,對於多種不一樣的路由協議到同一個目的地的路由信息,路由器首先根據管理距離的大小決定相信哪個路由協議。管理距離只用於多種協議的狀況下會使用,同一路由協議中,選路按照該路由協議的選路機制,而不會用管理距離來選路。管理距離越小,其優先級越高,可信度越高。ide
如上圖,在R6上查看BGP路由表spa
R6#show ip route bgprouter
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B -BGPxml
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areablog
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2ip
E1 - OSPF external type 1,E2 - OSPF external type 2路由
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2get
ia - IS-IS inter area, * -candidate default, U - per-user static routeit
o - ODR, P - periodicdownloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISPio
+ - replicated route, % -next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 4.4.4.4 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:06
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 5.5.5.5 [20/0] via 56.1.1.1, 00:03:51
B 192.168.10.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:06
B 192.168.11.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:06
B 192.168.12.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:06
從上述可知,從IBGP鄰居R2收到的路由,其管理距離爲200,從EBGP鄰居R5收到的路由,其管理距離爲20。
小結:iBGP的管理距離爲200,EBGP的管理距離爲20,BGP的本地(Local)AD默認等同於IBGP,本地路由指經過network命令獲得。
現經過distance命令修改從IBGP過來的路由管理距離爲150;
R6(config)#router bgp 65414
R6(config-router)#distance150 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 //修改來至鄰居2.2.2.2的管理距離
配置完成後,清鄰居關係(須要硬清,軟清不起做用,沒法觀查效果)後,可查看BGP路由狀況
R6#clear ip bgp *
R6#show ip route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B -BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * -candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodicdownloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % -next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 4.4.4.4 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:46
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 5.5.5.5 [20/0] via 56.1.1.1,00:00:46
B 192.168.10.0/24 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:46
B 192.168.11.0/24 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:46
B 192.168.12.0/24 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:46
除了指定鄰居修改全部的路由,還能夠指定相應鄰居,後面跟ACL,匹配須要修改的路由的管理距離;
現配置一個ACL,匹配4.4.4.4/32的路由,修改其管理距離爲120,修改來至R5的5.5.5.5/32的管理距離爲50,其它的管理距離爲默認;
R6(config)#access-list 10 permit 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 R6(config)#router bgp 65414 R6(config-router)#distance 150 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 10 R6(config-router)#distance 50 56.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R6#clear ip bgp * //硬清,軟清看不見效果
R6#show ip route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B -BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * -candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodicdownloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % -next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 4.4.4.4 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:16
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 5.5.5.5 [50/0] via 56.1.1.1, 00:00:16
B 192.168.10.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2,00:00:16
B 192.168.11.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2,00:00:16
B 192.168.12.0/24 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2,00:00:16
從上看出,來至R2的4.4.4.4/32路由的管理距離爲150,來至R5的5.5.5.5/32路由的管理距離爲50,其它的爲默認的200;
如今在R5和R2上分別查看BGP的路由狀況;
R5#show ip route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B -BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * -candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodicdownloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % -next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via56.1.1.2, 00:00:25
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 2.2.2.2 [20/0] via56.1.1.2, 00:00:25
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 3.3.3.3 [20/0] via56.1.1.2, 00:00:25
B 192.168.10.0/24 [20/0] via56.1.1.2, 00:00:25
B 192.168.11.0/24 [20/0] via56.1.1.2, 00:00:25
B 192.168.12.0/24 [20/0] via56.1.1.2, 00:00:25
R2#show ip route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B -BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * -candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloadedstatic route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % -next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 4.4.4.4 [200/0] via3.3.3.3, 00:27:30
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 5.5.5.5 [200/0] via 6.6.6.6, 00:00:34
B 192.168.10.0/24 [200/0] via3.3.3.3, 00:27:30
B 192.168.11.0/24 [200/0] via3.3.3.3, 00:27:30
B 192.168.12.0/24 [200/0] via3.3.3.3, 00:27:30
從上可看出,R2和R5上的路由條目的管理距離爲默認值,並無因R6修改了管理距離而改變;
小結:管理距離只具備本地有意義,不可傳遞給對等體鄰居(包括EBGP和IBGP)
現使用命令distance X Y Z
X爲外部路由Distance for routes external to the AS
Y爲內部路由Distance for routes internal to the AS
Z爲本地路由Distance for local routes(包括network和聚合路由)
現配置如下命令後,將外部的管理距離設置爲120,內部的設置爲150,本地的爲111;
R6(config)#router bgp 65414
R6(config-router)#distancebgp 120 150 111
R6(config-router)#aggregate-address192.168.8.0 255.255.248.0 summary-only
在R6上查看BGP路由表狀況:
R6#show ip route bgp
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B -BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * -candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodicdownloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % -next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 4.4.4.4 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:08:24
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1subnets
B 5.5.5.5 [120/0] via 56.1.1.1, 00:08:24
B 192.168.8.0/21 [111/0] via 0.0.0.0, 00:00:21, Null0
B 192.168.10.0/24 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2,00:00:21
B 192.168.11.0/24 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2,00:00:21
B 192.168.12.0/24 [150/0] via 2.2.2.2,00:00:21
從上可知,管理距離修改爲功。