iOS - UITextView實現placeHolder佔位文字

 

iOS之UITextView實現placeHolder佔位文字的N種方法

前言

iOS開發中,UITextField和UITextView是最經常使用的文本接受類和文本展現類的控件。UITextField和UITextView都輸入文本,也均可以監聽文本的改變。不一樣的是,UITextField繼承自UIControl這個抽象類。UITextView繼承自UIScrollView這個實體類。這就致使了UITextView能夠多行展現內容,而且還能夠像UIScrollView同樣滾動。而UITextField只能單獨的展現一行內容。從這個角度,UITextView在功能上是優於UITextField的。
可是,衆所周知,UITextField中有一個placeholder屬性,能夠設置UITextField的佔位文字,起到提示用戶輸入相關信息的做用。但是,UITextView就沒那麼幸運了,apple沒有給UITextView提供一個相似於placeholder這樣的屬性來供開發者使用。而開發中,咱們常常會遇到既要佔位文字,又要能夠多行展現而且能夠滾動的控件,單純的UITextField或者UITextView都不能知足這種產品上的需求。好比,如今市面上的app大多都有一個用戶反饋的入口,以下圖(一)所示。下面我就把本身可以想到的方法彙總一下,讓更多的開發者知道,原來有這麼多方法能夠實現UITextView的佔位文字。app


圖(一)

方法一

1.把UITextView的text屬性當成「placeholder」使用。
2.在開始編輯的代理方法裏清除「placeholder」。
3.在結束編輯的代理方法里根據條件設置「placeholder」。ide

特色:這種方法的特色是,當用戶點擊了textView,placeholder佔位文字就會立馬消失,官方的placeholder是當系統監聽到用戶輸入了文字後placeholder纔會消失。佈局

// 建立textView
UITextView *textView =[[UITextViewalloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20,70,SCREEN.width-40,100)];
textView.backgroundColor= [UIColor whiteColor];
textView.text = @"我是placeholder";
textView.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];
textView.delegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:textView];

#pragma mark - UITextViewDelegate
- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView
{
    if(textView.text.length < 1){
        textView.text = @"我是placeholder";
        textView.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];
    }
}
- (void)textViewDidBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView
{
    if([textView.text isEqualToString:@"我是placeholder"]){
        textView.text=@"";
        textView.textColor=[UIColor blackColor];
    }
}

 

方法二

1.建立textView
2.給textView添加一個UILabel子控件,做爲placeholder
3.在文本改變的代理方法裏面顯示/隱藏UILabelpost

特色:該方法一樣也能夠實現相似於placeholder的功能。相比較方法一,方法二能夠實現動態監聽文本的改變,並不是彈出鍵盤就當即清除placeholder,只有當用戶開始輸入文本的時候。placeholder纔會消失。一樣,當用戶清空文本的時候,placeholder又會從新顯示出來。字體

#import "WSViewController.h"

@interface WSViewController () <UITextViewDelegate>

@property(nonatomic, weak)UITextView *textView;

@property(nonatomic, weak)UILabel *placeHolder;

@end

@implementation WSViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.

    [self setupTextView];

}

// 添加textView
- (void)setupTextView
{
    UITextView *textView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 74, SCREEN_WIDTH - 2 * 10, 200)];
    textView.frame = CGRectMake(10, 74, SCREEN_WIDTH - 2 * 10, 200);

    [self.view addSubview:textView];
    self.textView = textView;

    textView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-64, 0, 0, 0);

    textView.delegate = self;
    [self setupPlaceHolder];


    //在彈出的鍵盤上面加一個view來放置退出鍵盤的Done按鈕
    UIToolbar * topView = [[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 30)];
    [topView setBarStyle:UIBarStyleDefault];
    UIBarButtonItem * btnSpace = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target:self action:nil];
    UIBarButtonItem * doneButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"完成" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(dismissKeyBoard)];
    NSArray * buttonsArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:btnSpace, doneButton, nil];

    [topView setItems:buttonsArray];
    [textView setInputAccessoryView:topView];

}

// 給textView添加一個UILabel子控件
- (void)setupPlaceHolder
{
    UILabel *placeHolder = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(15, -2, SCREEN_WIDTH - 2 * 15, 200)];
    self.placeHolder = placeHolder;

    placeHolder.text = @"我是placeholder";
    placeHolder.textColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
    placeHolder.numberOfLines = 0;
    placeHolder.contentMode = UIViewContentModeTop;
    [self.textView addSubview:placeHolder];
}

#pragma mark - UITextViewDelegate
- (void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView
{
    if (!textView.text.length) {
    self.placeHolder.alpha = 1;
    } else {
        self.placeHolder.alpha = 0;
    }
}

//關閉鍵盤
-(void) dismissKeyBoard{
    [self.textView resignFirstResponder];
}

@end

 

一樣地思路,咱們也能夠把做爲佔位文字的UILabel用UITextField或者UITextView來替換,一樣能夠實現帶placeholder的textView,在次就不在詳述。atom

方法三

1.自定義UITextView
2.給UITextView添加placeholder和placeholderColor屬性
3.重寫initWithFrame方法
4.添加通知監聽文字改變
5.重寫drawRect:方法
6.重寫相關屬性的set方法spa

特色:相比計較上面兩種方法,這種方法可移植性、拓展性更好,這種方法,不只樂意隨意經過咱們添加的placeholder屬性設置默認文字,還能夠經過咱們添加的placeholderColor設置默認文字的顏色。從此,咱們只須要寫好這麼一個自定義UITextView,就能夠一勞永逸。代理

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface WSPlaceholderTextView : UITextView
/** 佔位文字 */
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *placeholder;
/** 佔位文字顏色 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *placeholderColor;
@end

#import "WSPlaceholderTextView.h"

@implementation WSPlaceholderTextView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
        // 設置默認字體
        self.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15];

        // 設置默認顏色
        self.placeholderColor = [UIColor grayColor];

        // 使用通知監聽文字改變
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(textDidChange:) name:UITextViewTextDidChangeNotification object:self];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)textDidChange:(NSNotification *)note
{
    // 會從新調用drawRect:方法
    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self];
}

/**
 * 每次調用drawRect:方法,都會將之前畫的東西清除掉
 */
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
    // 若是有文字,就直接返回,不須要畫佔位文字
    if (self.hasText) return;

    // 屬性
    NSMutableDictionary *attrs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    attrs[NSFontAttributeName] = self.font;
    attrs[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = self.placeholderColor;

    // 畫文字
    rect.origin.x = 5;
    rect.origin.y = 8;
    rect.size.width -= 2 * rect.origin.x;
    [self.placeholder drawInRect:rect withAttributes:attrs];
}

- (void)layoutSubviews
{
    [super layoutSubviews];

    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

#pragma mark - setter
- (void)setPlaceholder:(NSString *)placeholder
{
    _placeholder = [placeholder copy];

    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setPlaceholderColor:(UIColor *)placeholderColor
{
    _placeholderColor = placeholderColor;

    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setFont:(UIFont *)font
{
    [super setFont:font];

    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setText:(NSString *)text
{
    [super setText:text];

    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setAttributedText:(NSAttributedString *)attributedText
{
    [super setAttributedText:attributedText];

    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}
@end

 

方法四

1.自定義UITextView
2.給UITextView添加placeholder和placeholderColor屬性
3.重寫initWithFrame方法
4.重寫drawRect:方法
5.重寫相關屬性的set方法code

特色:這個方法的和方法三很類似,只是沒有利用通知來監聽文本的改變,須要配合textViewDidChanged:這個文本改變的代理方法使用。orm

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface WSTextView : UITextView
/** 佔位文字 */
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *placeholder;
/** 佔位文字顏色 */
@property (nonatomic,strong) UIColor *placeholderColor;
@end

#import "WSTextView.h"

@implementation WSTextView
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
        self.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15];
        self.placeholderColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
        self.placeholder = @"請輸入內容";
    }
    return self;
}

// Only override drawRect: if you perform custom drawing.
// An empty implementation adversely affects performance during animation.
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
    // Drawing code
    NSMutableDictionary *attrs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    attrs[NSFontAttributeName] = self.font;
    attrs[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = self.placeholderColor;

    [self.placeholder drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.frame.size.width, self.frame.size.height) withAttributes:attrs];
}

// 佈局子控件的時候須要重繪
- (void)layoutSubviews
{
    [super layoutSubviews];
    [self setNeedsDisplay];

}
// 設置屬性的時候須要重繪,因此須要重寫相關屬性的set方法
- (void)setPlaceholder:(NSString *)placeholder
{
    _placeholder = placeholder;
    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setPlaceholderColor:(UIColor *)placeholderColor
{
    _placeholderColor = placeholderColor;
    [self setNeedsDisplay];

}

- (void)setFont:(UIFont *)font
{
    [super setFont:font];
    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setText:(NSString *)text
{
    [super setText:text];
    if (text.length) { // 由於是在文本改變的代理方法中判斷是否顯示placeholder,而經過代碼設置text的方式又不會調用文本改變的代理方法,因此再此根據text是否不爲空判斷是否顯示placeholder。
        self.placeholder = @"";
    }
    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)setAttributedText:(NSAttributedString *)attributedText
{
    [super setAttributedText:attributedText];
    if (attributedText.length) {
        self.placeholder = @"";
    }
    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}
@end

// 應用的時候須要配合UITextView的文本改變的代理方法

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "WSTextView.h"

@interface ViewController ()<UITextViewDelegate>

// @property(nonatomic,weak) WSTextView *textView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    WSTextView *textView = [[WSTextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 20, self.view.frame.size.width, 30)];
    textView.placeholder = @"ws";
    textView.delegate = self;
    [self.view addSubview:textView];
    // textView.text = @"試試會不會調用文本改變的代理方法"; // 不會調用文本改變的代理方法
    textView.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"富文本"];

    // self.textView = textView;
}

#pragma mark - UITextViewDelegate
- (void)textViewDidChange:(WSTextView *)textView // 此處取巧,把代理方法參數類型直接改爲自定義的WSTextView類型,爲了可使用自定義的placeholder屬性,省去了經過給控制器WSTextView類型屬性這樣一步。
{
    if (textView.hasText) { // textView.text.length
        textView.placeholder = @"";

    } else {
        textView.placeholder = @"ws";

    }
}
@end

 

方法五

經過runtime,咱們發現,UITextView內部有一個名爲「_placeHolderLabel」的私有成員變量。你們知道,Objective-C沒有絕對的私有變量,由於咱們能夠經過KVC來訪問私有變量。

特色:相對於上面的4種方法,這種方法更加取巧,雖然Apple官方沒有給咱們開發者提供相似於placeholder的屬性,可是經過運行時,咱們遍歷出了一個placeHolderLabel的私有變量。這種方法簡單易懂,代碼量少,推薦你們使用這種方法。

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];


  // 經過運行時,發現UITextView有一個叫作「_placeHolderLabel」的私有變量
    unsigned int count = 0;
    Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([UITextView class], &count);

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
        const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);
        NSString *objcName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
        NSLog(@"%d : %@",i,objcName);
    }

    [self setupTextView];

}
- (void)setupTextView
{
    UITextView *textView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, 100];
    [textView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
    [self.view addSubview:textView];

    // _placeholderLabel
    UILabel *placeHolderLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    placeHolderLabel.text = @"請輸入內容";
    placeHolderLabel.numberOfLines = 0;
    placeHolderLabel.textColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
    [placeHolderLabel sizeToFit];
    [textView addSubview:placeHolderLabel];

    // same font
    textView.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:13.f];
    placeHolderLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:13.f];

    [textView setValue:placeHolderLabel forKey:@"_placeholderLabel"];
}

@end

 第五個注意:要保持textView.text 和 placeHolderLabel 的font一致 (防止偏移量不對)

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