Spring MVC的工做原理,咱們來看看其源碼實現

前言

  開心一刻html

    晚上陪老丈人吃飯,忽然手機響了,我手賤按了免提……哥們:快出來喝酒!哥幾個都在呢!我:今天不行,我如今陪老丈人吃飯呢。哥們:那你抓緊喝,我三杯白酒,把我岳父放倒了纔出來的,你也快點。看着我老丈人的臉,我不知道該怎麼回了……git

豬同樣的隊友web

遺留問題

  在關於利用maven搭建ssm的博客,咱們一塊兒來探討下問的最多的問題中,我遺留了一個問題:Spring mvc是什麼時候、何地、如何將Model中的屬性綁定到哪一個做用域,這裏的做用域指的是Servlet的四大做用域;不瞭解問題背景的能夠回過頭去看看個人上篇博文。spring

  明確的解答我會放到最後,在解答問題以前,我先和你們一塊兒來捋一捋Spring mvc的工做原理。廢話很少說,開始咱們神祕的探險之旅!tomcat

應用示例

  在講工做原理以前,咱們先看一個簡單的spring mvc(ssm)示例,以及實現的效果mvc

  工程代碼地址:ssm-web app

  工程結構與效果如上所示,咱們不作過多的探究,咱們打起精神往下看本篇的重點jsp

工做原理

  準備 - 資源的加載與初始化

    一、DispatcherServlet 靜態初始化async

      DispatcherServlet中有以下靜態塊maven

static {
        // Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
        // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
        // by application developers.
        try {
            ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
            defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

      這裏會將DispatcherServlet.properties中的內容讀取到DispatcherServlet的屬性:private static final Properties defaultStrategies中,DispatcherServlet.properties內容以下

# Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlet's strategy interfaces.
# Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.

org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator

org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager
View Code

      指定了DispatcherServlet策略接口的默認實現,後續DispatcherServlet初始化策略的時候會用到

    二、interceptor定義的加載

      spring啓動過程當中會調用InterceptorsBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法來解析出咱們自定義的interceptor定義,封裝成MappedInterceptor類型的bean定義,並放到spring容器中;咱們能夠簡單的認爲spring容器中已經存在了咱們自定義的interceptor的bean定義

    三、DispatcherServlet初始化策略:initStrategies

      DispatcherServlet的繼承圖以下

      DispatcherServlet是一個Servlet,tomcat啓動過程當中會調用其init方法,一串的調用後,會調用DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    initMultipartResolver(context);
    initLocaleResolver(context);
    initThemeResolver(context);
    initHandlerMappings(context);
    initHandlerAdapters(context);
    initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    initViewResolvers(context);
    initFlashMapManager(context);
}

      實例化步驟1中的默認實現,並填充到DispatcherServlet各個屬性值中

    四、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的攔截器初始化

      DispatcherServlet.properties種指定了兩個默認的HandlerMapping:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping,這二者的類繼承圖以下(咱們暫時只關注DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping)

      DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping間接實現了ApplicationContextAware,那麼在DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping實例初始化過程當中,會調用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法,一串調用後,會來到AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的initApplicationContext()

@Override
protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException {
    extendInterceptors(this.interceptors);
    detectMappedInterceptors(this.mappedInterceptors);
    initInterceptors();
}

      初始化了DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的攔截器:interceptor

    咱們來看下具體的初始化過程,看看上面的順序是否只是我我的的臆想?

    能夠看到,初始化順序就是咱們上面說的,不是我我的的意淫;此時的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping中有咱們自定義的MyInterceptor。初始化過程咱們須要關注的就是上述這些,下面咱們一塊兒看看具體請求的過程

  請求的處理

    請求從servlet的service開始,一路到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch,以下圖

    doDispatch

/**
 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler. 將請求分發到具體的handler,也就是咱們的controller
 * <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order.
 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters
 * to find the first that supports the handler class.
 * <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
 * @param request current HTTP request
 * @param response current HTTP response
 * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
 */
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
    HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
    boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

    WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

    try {
        ModelAndView mv = null;
        Exception dispatchException = null;

        try {
            processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
            multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request;

            // Determine handler for the current request. 決定哪一個handler來處理當前的請求
            // mappedHandler是由handler和interceptor集合組成的一個執行鏈,有點相似FilterChain
            mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
            if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
                noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                return;
            }

            // Determine handler adapter for the current request. 決定哪一個adapter來處理當前的請求
            // handlerMapping是找出適配的handler,而真正回調handler的是adapter
            HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

            // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
            String method = request.getMethod();
            boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
            if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
                long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request);
                    logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + requestUri + "] is: " + lastModified);
                }
                if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            // handler的前置處理,也就是調用適配當前url的interceptor的preHandler方法
            if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                return;
            }

            try {
                // Actually invoke the handler. 真正調用handler
                mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
            }
            finally {
                if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            applyDefaultViewName(request, mv);
            // handler的後置處理,也就是調用適配當前url的interceptor的postHandler方法
            mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            dispatchException = ex;
        }
        // 處理handler返回的結果,會調用適配當前url的interceptor的afterCompletion方法
        // 這裏會將響應結果返回給請求者
        processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
    }
    catch (Error err) {
        triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
    }
    finally {
        if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
            mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
            return;
        }
        // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
        if (multipartRequestParsed) {
            cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
        }
    }
}
View Code

      handlerMapping具體如何找到匹配當前url的handler(通常而言就是咱們的controller)、handlerAdapter具體如何回調真正的handler,有興趣的能夠自行去跟下,我就不跟了。咱們具體看下processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); 這個與咱們最初的疑問有關

    processDispatchResult

      能夠看到model中的persons會被設置到request的attributes中,而後轉發請求到show_person.jsp,轉發過程當中request做用域的變量仍然有效,因此show_person.jsp中的jstl標籤和el表達式可以取到persons變量,最後將show_person.jsp中的內容填充好以後的靜態內容返回給請求者;至此就完成了一次請求的響應

問題解答

  回到咱們開篇的疑問:Spring mvc是什麼時候、何地、如何將Model中的屬性綁定到哪一個做用域?想必你們已經知道答案了

  Controller中的model、ModelMap的注入由spring mvc完成,這個不是請求傳入的參數,用於綁定變量到Servlet做用域;默認狀況下,在DispatcherServlet調用了真正的handler以後,將結果返回給請求者的過程當中,將model、modelMap中的變量設置到了request的attributes中,轉發的過程當中,request中的變量仍然有效,因此show_person.jsp中能取到persons這個變量,自此疑問獲得解答

總結

  一、Spring MVC工做原理圖

    圖是用的別人的,具體是誰的我也不記得了(捂臉)

  二、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping在spring3.2中被廢棄,替換成了RequestMappingHandlerMapping

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