04-Docker-Container管理操做

目錄

• 04-Docker-Container管理操做
  • 參考
  • 容器運行須知
  • 容器生命週期
  • 容器管理命令
    • 1. 生命週期
    • 2. 查看操做
    • 3. 命令執行
    • 4. 文件複製
  • 容器用途分類

04-Docker-Container管理操做

Docker Version: 19.03.5

😄 Written by Zak Zhu

參考

• Breeze老師的docker培訓
• 馬哥docker視頻

容器運行須知

• 容器是爲進程任務而生的
• 容器的生命週期是短暫的

一個容器建議只運行一個進程(容器內PID爲1), 並且這個進程須要在容器內以Foreground方式運行, 不能以Background方式運行. 若是進程退出了, 那麼容器就發現Foreground Stdout不被佔據, 因而容器也隨之退出

容器運行過程:

1. 檢查本地是否存在指定的鏡像, 若是沒有就從指定的倉庫下載
2. 利用鏡像啓動一個容器
3. 分配一個文件系統, 並在只讀的鏡像層上面掛載一層可讀寫層
4. 從宿主機配置的網橋接口中橋接一個虛擬接口到容器中去
5. 從地址池配置一個IP給容器
6. 執行用戶指定的程序
7. 執行完畢後中止容器

容器生命週期

容器管理命令

---

1. 生命週期

• run

  Run a command in a new container

  Usage:

  docker container run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --detach	Run container in background and print container ID
  --interactive	Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  --tty	Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  --rm	Automatically remove the container when it exits
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 在後臺運行容器及應用

    docker container run --detach IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

  • 在前臺運行容器並交互

    docker container run --interactive --tty IMAGE /bin/sh

  ---

• start

  Start one or more stopped containers

  Usage:

  docker container start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 啓動容器

    docker container start CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• stop

  Stop one or more running containers

  Usage:

  docker container stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 中止容器

    docker container stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• kill

  Kill one or more running containers

  Usage:

  docker container kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 殺掉容器

    docker container kill CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• restart

  Restart one or more containers

  Usage:

  docker container restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 重啓容器

    docker container restart CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• rm

  Remove one or more containers

  Usage:

  docker container rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --force	Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
  --volumes	Remove the volumes associated with the container
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 刪除已退出的容器

    docker container rm CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  • 刪除正運行的容器

    docker container rm --force CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  • 刪除容器及掛載卷

    docker container rm --volumes CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

---

---

2. 查看操做

• ls

  List containers

  Usage:

  docker container ls [OPTIONS]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --all	Show all containers (default shows just running)
  --no-trunc	Don't truncate output
  --quiet	Only display numeric IDs
  --size	Display total file sizes
  --latest	Show the latest created container (includes all states)
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 列出全部容器及其狀態

    docker container ls [ --all ]

  • 顯示最近一次建立容器

    docker container ls --latest

  • 列出全部容器的ID

    docker container ls --quiet [ --no-trunc ]

  • 列出全部容器的SIZE

    docker container ls --size

  ---

• inspect

  Display detailed information on one or more containers

  Usage:

  docker container inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  Often use:

  • 顯示容器詳細信息

    docker container inspect CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

  ---

• logs

  Fetch the logs of a container

  Usage:

  docker container logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --details	Show extra details provided to logs
  --follow	Follow log output
  --since string	Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  --tail string	Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  --timestamps	Show timestamps
  --until string	Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

  ---

• top

  Display the running processes of a container

  Usage:

  docker container top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]

  Often use:

  • 在宿主機上查看容器應用進程

    docker container top CONTAINER

  ---

• stats

  Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics

  Usage:

  docker container stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --all	Show all containers (default shows just running)
  --no-stream	Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 查看全部容器的資源使用狀況統計

    docker container stats [ --all ] [ --no-stream ]

  • 查看一個容器的資源使用狀況統計

    docker container stats [ --no-stream ] CONTAINER

---

---

3. 命令執行

• exec

  Run a command in a running container

  Usage:

  docker container exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --env list	Set environment variables
  --interactive	Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  --privileged	Give extended privileges to the command
  --tty	Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  --user string	Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
  --workdir string	Working directory inside the container
  ...	...

  Often use:

  • 執行容器中的命令

    docker container exec CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

  • 進入容器的SHELL

    docker container exec --interactive --tty CONTAINER /bin/sh

---

---

4. 文件複製

• cp

  Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

  Usage:

  docker container cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH

  docker container cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

  OPTION	COMMENT
  --archive	Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
  --follow-link	Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH

---

---

容器用途分類

容器按用途大體可分爲兩類：

• 服務類容器

  如 web server、database等

  E.G. 運行httpd容器

  docker container run --name="web-server" --detach httpd

• 工具類容器

  如curl容器，redis-cli容器

  E.G. 運行curl容器

  docker container run --interactive --tty --rm appropriate/curl curl 172.17.0.5