Mac開發環境配置之HomeBrew

若是你使用慣了linux，你會對軟件包管理、命令行不能自拔。因爲mac的底層是類unix系統，也能夠配置向linux同樣好用。

安裝HomeBrew

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
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上面必須先有ruby以及其餘開發環境支持，建議安裝xcode後使用以上命令安裝。

HomeBrew使用

安裝成功之後，使用man brew查看命令幫助學習使用。man brew的內容不少，我下面展現brew --help

(data)  youdi@liangchangyoudeMacBook-Pro  ~  brew --help
Example usage:
  brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/]
  brew (info|home|options) [FORMULA...]
  brew install FORMULA...
  brew update
  brew upgrade [FORMULA...]
  brew uninstall FORMULA...
  brew list [FORMULA...]

Troubleshooting:
  brew config
  brew doctor
  brew install -vd FORMULA

Developers:
  brew create [URL [--no-fetch]]
  brew edit [FORMULA...]
  https://docs.brew.sh/Formula-Cookbook.html

Further help:
  man brew
  brew help [COMMAND]
  brew home
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下面詳細介紹具體的使用

搜索軟件包

brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/]這個是進行搜索軟件包，參數支持正則表達式，

(data)  youdi@liangchangyoudeMacBook-Pro  ~  brew search nginx
==> Searching local taps...
nginx ✔
==> Searching taps on GitHub...
homebrew/nginx/accesskey-nginx-module               homebrew/nginx/xsltproc-nginx-module                homebrew/nginx/anti-ddos-nginx-module               homebrew/nginx/set-misc-nginx-module
homebrew/nginx/ajp-nginx-module                     homebrew/nginx/geoip2-nginx-module                  homebrew/nginx/array-var-nginx-module               homebrew/nginx/stream-lua-nginx-module
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1. brew search, -S:
顯示出本地全部可用的包，不加參數，不會去線上去查詢，使用`brew search`或`brew -S`
2. brew search [--desc] (text|/text/):
   獲取一個軟件的短描述

3. brew search (--debian|--fedora|--fink|--macports|--opensuse|--ubuntu) text:
    獲取不一樣平臺上軟件的文檔信息
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獲取軟件包信息

brew (info|home|options) [FORMULA…]

1.brew info

brew info formula

顯示這個軟件的信息,後面能夠接的參數有 —github, —json=version等等

2.brew home

經過瀏覽器打開軟件的主頁

3.brew options

顯示軟件包的options信息,安裝時的，默認的安裝信息

安裝軟件包

brew install FORMULA...

安裝軟件使用的命令，也是咱們使用最頻繁的。看看她的詳細參數：

brew install [--debug][--env=(std|super)] [--ignore-dependencies|--only-dependencies][--cc=compiler] [--build-from-source|--force-bottle][--devel|--HEAD] [--keep-tmp][--build-bottle] formula [options …]

先來介紹最簡單的使用

安裝

brew install elinks
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Homebrew 會將軟件包安裝到獨立目錄，並將其文件軟連接至 /usr/local 。

$ cd /usr/local/Cellar
$ tree -L 3 elinks
elinks
└── 0.11.7_2
    ├── AUTHORS
    ├── COPYING
    ├── ChangeLog
    ├── INSTALL_RECEIPT.json
    ├── NEWS
    ├── README
    ├── TODO
    ├── bin
    └── share

3 directories, 7 files

$ cd /usr/local/bin
$ ll elinks
lrwxr-xr-x  1 youdi  admin    36B 10 15 15:32 elinks -> ../Cellar/elinks/0.11.7_2/bin/elinks
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Homebrew 不會將文件安裝到它自己目錄以外，因此您可將 Homebrew 安裝到任意位置。

你可使用man brew或brew install --help查看具體一些參數的使用，都很簡單。

升級和清理

brew update brew upgrade brew updte

會自動升級軟件包和自身

brew outdate

查看過期的軟件包,會有升級的版本號

brew upgrade

升級全部能夠升級的

brew upgrade <formula>

升級具體的軟件包

brew upgrade <formula>

中止一些軟件包的更新和升級

brew unpin <formula>

將中止更新的軟件包設置爲容許

brew cleanup <formula>

將軟件包的舊版本記錄清理掉 brew cleanup 清理全部

brew cleanup -n

顯示清理的內容

brew --cahce

顯示緩存位置， 通常是在~/Library/Caches/Homebrew

查看安裝軟件包

brew list

brew list —help

brew list, ls [--full-name]:
	列出全部的安裝的軟件包，能夠接一些參數，相似ls
    List all installed formulae. If --full-name is passed, print formulae
    with fully-qualified names. If --full-name is not passed, any other
    options (e.g. -t) are passed to ls which produces the actual output.

brew list, ls --unbrewed:
    List all files in the Homebrew prefix not installed by Homebrew.
    # diy方式安裝的軟件

brew list, ls [--versions [--multiple]] [--pinned] [formulae]:
    List the installed files for formulae. Combined with --verbose, recursively
    list the contents of all subdirectories in each formula's keg. If --versions is passed, show the version number for installed formulae, or only the specified formulae if formulae are given. With --multiple, only show formulae with multiple versions installed. If --pinned is passed, show the versions of pinned formulae, or only the specified (pinned) formulae if formulae are given. See also pin, unpin. 複製代碼

卸載軟件包

brew unisntall

這個命令也是使用比較頻繁的。 brew uninstall, rm, remove [--force][--ignore-dependencies] rm，remove也是卸載命令 --force 強制卸載， 若是有依賴，也強制卸載 --ignore-dependencies 忽略依賴

管理服務

brew services

brew services [-v|--verbose] [list | run | start | stop | restart | cleanup] [...]

brew services [-v|--verbose] [list | run | start | stop | restart | cleanup] [...]
    Easily start and stop formulae via launchctl.
    With -v or --verbose, print more detail.

    Integrates Homebrew formulae with macOS' launchctl manager. Services can be added to either /Library/LaunchDaemons or ~/Library/LaunchAgents. Basically, items in /Library/LaunchDaemons are started at boot, while those in ~/Library/LaunchAgents are started at login. When started with sudo, it operates on /Library/LaunchDaemons; otherwise, it operates on ~/Library/LaunchAgents. On start the plist file is generated and written to a Tempfile, and then copied to the launch path (existing plists are overwritten). [sudo] brew services list List all running services for the current user (or root) [sudo] brew services run formula|--all Run the service formula without starting at login (or boot). [sudo] brew services start formula|--all Start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login (or boot). [sudo] brew services stop formula|--all Stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at login (or boot). [sudo] brew services restart formula|--all Stop (if necessary) and start the service immediately and register it to launch at login (or boot). [sudo] brew services cleanup Remove all unused services. 複製代碼

用法

1. brew services list
打印出安裝的全部服務
2. brew services run service_name
運行某個服務，沒有運行，運行，運行的，重啓
3. brew services start| stop| restart  formula|--all
開啓，關閉，重啓

另外，本身定義服務，記住/Library/LaunchDaemons, ~/Library/LaunchAgents, /Library/LaunchDaemons,修改對應文件。
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總結

homebrew內容不少，另外，擴展性和靈活性也很強大，若是感興趣，能夠去官網文檔 閱讀文檔學習。