APIView和View的區別

時間 2020-06-17

標籤 apiview view 區別简体版

原文原文鏈接

<div id="cnblogs_post_body" class="blogpost-body cnblogs-markdown"> <h1 id="前言">前言</h1> django中編輯視圖views.py有兩種方式，一種是基於類的實現，另一種是函數式的實現方式，兩種方法均可以用。 REST框架提供了一個APIView類，它是Django View類的子類。 <h1 id="view與apiview的區別">View與APIView的區別</h1> <code>View</code>是Django默認的視圖基類，<code>APIView</code>是REST framework提供的全部視圖的基類, 繼承自Django的<code>View</code>。 <code>APIView</code>與<code>View</code>的不一樣之處在於： <ul> <li>傳入到視圖方法中的是REST framework的Request對象，而不是Django的HttpRequeset對象；</li> <li>視圖方法能夠返回REST framework的Response對象，視圖會爲響應數據設置（render）符合前端要求的格式；</li> <li>任何APIException異常都會被捕獲到，而且處理成合適的響應信息；APIException異常捕獲</li> <li>在進行dispatch()分發前，會對請求進行身份認證、權限檢查、流量控制。</li> </ul> django的View部分源碼 <pre><code class="hljs python">class View: """ Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking. """前端

http_method_names = [<span class="hljs-string">'get'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'post'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'put'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'patch'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'delete'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'head'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'options'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'trace'</span>]

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, **kwargs)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">"""
    Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
    keyword arguments, and other things.
    """</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># instance, or raise an error.</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> key, value <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> kwargs.items():
        setattr(self, key, value)</code></pre>

REST framework的<code>APIView</code>繼承了django的<code>View</code>，部分源碼以下 <pre><code class="hljs delphi">class APIView(View):python

# The following policies may be <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> at either globally, <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> per-view.
renderer_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES
parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES
authentication_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES
throttle_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES
permission_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES
content_negotiation_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS
metadata_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS
versioning_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS

# Allow dependency injection <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> other settings <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> make testing easier.
settings = api_settings

schema = DefaultSchema()</code></pre>

<code>APIView</code>多了一些屬性和方法，好比：身份認證、權限檢查、流量控制 <ul> <li>authentication_classes 身份認證</li> <li>permission_classes 權限檢查</li> <li>throttle_classes 流量控制</li> </ul> <h1 id="django的view">django的View</h1> 先使用django自帶的view，獲取一個Card表裏面的卡號信息： models.py設計card表 <pre><code class="hljs python"># models.py class Card(models.Model): '''銀行卡基本信息 # 做者：上海悠悠，QQ交流羣：750815713''' card_id = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="卡號", default="") card_user = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="姓名", default="") add_time = models.DateField(auto_now=True, verbose_name="添加時間")django

<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Meta</span>:</span>
    verbose_name_plural = <span class="hljs-string">'銀行卡帳戶'</span>
    verbose_name = <span class="hljs-string">"銀行卡帳戶_基本信息"</span>
    
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__str__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> self.card_id</code></pre>

views.py視圖的編寫 <pre><code class="hljs python">from django.http import JsonResponse from rest_framework import serializers from django.core import serializers as dj_serializers # 避免和rest_framework裏面的serializers衝突 from .models import * from django.views.generic.base import View import json # 做者：上海悠悠，QQ交流羣：750815713json

class CardListView(View): '''基於django的view實現獲取card列表''' def get(self, request): data = {} cards = Card.objects.all() data['result'] = json.loads(dj_serializers.serialize("json", cards)) return JsonResponse(data)</code></pre>api

urls.py設置訪問地址 <pre><code class="hljs python">from apiapp import views from django.conf.urls import url # 做者：上海悠悠，QQ交流羣：750815713markdown

urlpatterns = [ url(r'^api/v1/cards/$', views.CardListView.as_view()),app

]</code></pre>框架

訪問<code>http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/cards/</code>,測試結果 <img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1070438/201909/1070438-20190915151407005-1302501659.png"> <h1 id="rest-framework的apiview">REST framework的APIView</h1> REST framework的<code>APIView</code>繼承了django的<code>View</code>類，先序列化Card類，這裏的序列化用<code>rest_framework</code>裏面的<code>ModelSerializer</code> <pre><code class="hljs python">from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework import serializers from .models import * from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated,AllowAny from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication # 做者：上海悠悠，QQ交流羣：750815713iview

class CardAPISerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 繼承自ModelSerializer類 '''序列化數據的類，根據model表來獲取字段''' class Meta: model = Card fields = 'all'函數

class CardListAPIView(APIView): '''REST framework的APIView實現獲取card列表 # 做者：上海悠悠，QQ交流羣：750815713''' # authentication_classes = (TokenAuthentication,) # token認證 # permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,) # IsAuthenticated 僅經過認證的用戶 permission_classes = (AllowAny,) # 容許全部用戶

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, request, format=None)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">"""
    Return a list of all users.
    """</span>
    cards = Card.objects.all()
    serializer = CardAPISerializer(cards, many=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> Response(serializer.data)</code></pre>

配置urls.py,設置訪問地址 <pre><code class="hljs python">from apiapp import views from django.conf.urls import url # 做者：上海悠悠，QQ交流羣：750815713

urlpatterns = [ url(r'^api/v1/cardlist/$', views.CardListAPIView.as_view()),

]</code></pre>

訪問<code>http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/cardlist/</code>,測試結果 <img src="https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1070438/201909/1070438-20190915154815694-63682914.png">

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